• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.188-196
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• 2008

Purpose : To describe the clinical, MR imaging, and pathologic findings of pediatric meningiomas. Materials and Methods : The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records and MR images of 16 pediatric patients with pathologically proven meningioma. Mean patient age at diagnosis was 14 years (range, 3-18). MR images were reviewed for details of lesion sizes, locations, signal intensity (SI), marginal characteristics, internal architectures, enhancements, and dural and parenchymal changes. The findings of other imaging modalities and of pathological examinations were also analyzed. Results : Mean tumor size was 5.24 cm (range, 1.3-18.1 cm) and locations were supratentorial in 12 and infratentorial in 4. SI of masses were variable, that is, high in 9, iso in 4, and low in 3 on T2 weighted images (T2WI), and low (n=11), iso (n=4), or high (n=1) on T1WI images. All lesions were visualized as well-demarcated enhancing masses. Five of the tumors were heterogeneous with cystic or necrotic components. Dural attachment was observed in 11 patients and adjacent brain edema in 10. Tumors exhibited hyperdense (n=6) or isodense (n=4) on non-enhanced CT scans, and 3 of the 7 angiograms demonstrated blood supply from the internal carotid artery. Pathologic examinations revealed the following subtypes; transitional cell (n=4), meningotheliomatous (n=4), chordoid (n=2), fibrous (n=2), clear cell (n=1), hyalinized (n=1), rhabdoid papillary (n=1), and atypical (n=1). Conclusion : Pediatric meningiomas occur usually in teenagers, have diverse pathological types, and may produce atypical imaging findings, such as, a heterogeneous internal content or findings suggestive of intraaxial tumors.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.48-57
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• 2018

In this study, we conducted an analysis on the actual field materials and the ancient text of January 2017. First, Yuyin ShanFang is one of the famous garden in the Lingnan Region, and its total area is $1598m^2$. Wobin called the name 'Yuyin(餘蔭)' meaning the virtues of his ancestors. Second, if we analyze the poem written by Wobin, we can classify it as a phrase expressing the world beyond the future, a poem expressing the ideas of family and romantic ideas. Third, the space spread to the south around the shrine building in the middle of the site was largely a residential space, according to the analysis of the site's layout and spatial composition. Fourth, the spatial component of the hydronic acid is analyzed. The pavilion area is the Hanchwi-Pavilion, which is designated in the Wongrim, and Gyesang-Pavilion, which is a unique range that describes the peak of the garden. Fifth, Yuyin ShanFang has five ponds that are very diverse in shape. It is characteristic of us to stand on a technical boundary. Sixth, Seokgasan was referred to as Gyeongbansan, which was named after The builder Wobin and his descendants who passed it. Seventh, Hwachang is characterized by a wooden bull window and a compound glass. Eighth, the alumni style is not as diverse as the alumni style of the Suzhou traditional garden, but it features various forms and colorful pictures on the front of the alumni. Ninth, the one-piece sculptures of the interior of a building are expressed themes such as Gilsang, Sukjeong, Daoism, Palseom, and others. Finally, Trees planted in Yuyin ShanFang are mostly tropical plants, and some of them have symbolic meaning. Because the weather here is good for growing fruit, so planted a lot of fruit trees.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1177-1183
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• 2018

Recent developments in machine learning have attracted a lot of attention for techniques such as machine learning and deep learning that implement artificial intelligence. In this paper, binary malicious code using deep learning based R-CNN is imaged and the feature is extracted from the image to classify the family. In this paper, two steps are used in deep learning to image malicious code using CNN. And classify the characteristics of the family of malicious codes using R-CNN. Generate malicious code as an image, extract features, classify the family, and automatically classify the evolution of malicious code. The detection rate of the proposed method is 93.4% and the accuracy is 98.6%. In addition, the CNN processing speed for image processing of malicious code is 23.3 ms, and the R-CNN processing speed is 4ms to classify one sample.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.217-224
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• 2010

An investigation was carried out to obtain basic information needed to develop methods for artificial propagation and conservation of the mottled skate Raja pulchra, an important food resource in western Korea that has declined from overfishing. In this paper we provide evidence of multiple spawning and describe properties of the ovary, and morphology of the egg capsule and the fully-formed offspring. The vitellogenic follicles in the ovary was $179.8{\pm}57.1$ (54~247) and can be classified into five size groups, which the last group of ova are considered as the moving to the capsule gland where fertilization and encapsulation of ova take place. The morphology of the egg capsule of R. pulchra is unique among the species of the family Rajidae and showed multi-embryo characteristics, having two to six yolks in each capsule. The adaptive morphological changes of larvae developing inside the egg capsule are described based on specimens extracted from the capsule.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.10
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• pp.1024-1029
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• 2007

Costello syndrome (CS) is a rare multiple congenital abnormality syndrome characterized by a typical coarse face, developmental delay, psychomotor and growth retardation, neurologic abnormalities, cardiac and cutaneous anomalies, severe feeding difficulties with postnatal growth failure, and increased risk of tumors. Since Costello first described it in 1971 and again in 1977, over 100 cases have been reported worldwide. It was recently shown that CS is a congenital condition caused by heterozygous de novo missense mutations affecting the codon for glycine 12 or 13 of the HRAS gene. We experienced three unrelated cases with coarse faces, developmental delays, short statures, macrocephaly, and redundant skin with deep palmar and plantar creases, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and atrial tachycardia, which are characteristic of CS.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.67-78
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• 2019

Most existing facial expression recognition methods use a uniform grid method that divides the entire facial image into uniform blocks when describing facial features. The problem of this method may include non-face backgrounds, which interferes with discrimination of facial expressions, and the feature of a face included in each block may vary depending on the position, size, and orientation of the face in the input image. In this paper, we propose a variable-size block method which determines the size and position of a block that best represents meaningful facial expression change. As a part of the effort, we propose the way to determine the optimal number, position and size of each block based on the facial feature points. For the evaluation of the proposed method, we generate the facial feature vectors using LDTP and construct a facial expression recognition system based on SVM. Experimental results show that the proposed method is superior to conventional uniform grid based method. Especially, it shows that the proposed method can adapt to the change of the input environment more effectively by showing relatively better performance than exiting methods in the images with large shape and orientation changes.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.163-171
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• 2011

Purpose : To evaluate the prevalence of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) according to the timing of voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) in infantile urinary tract infection (UTI). Methods : The data of 134 infants (1-12 months) with renal cortical defect in $^{99m}Tc$-2, 3-dimercaptosuccinic acid ($^{99m}Tc$-DMSA) scan with a diagnosis of UTI in two hospitals from 2000 to 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. The VCUG was performed after 2 weeks from the diagnosis of UTI in Group I (n=68), and the VCUG was performed within 2 weeks from the diagnosis of UTI in Group II (n=66). Results : There were no significant differences between the two groups in the duration of fever, white blood cell count, C-reactive protein levels, and abnormalities in ultrasonography (P>0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the prevelence of VUR, bilateral VUR, and severe VUR. VCUG-induced UTI was detected 16 (23.5%) of patients in whom the procedure was performed 2 weeks after the diagnosis, and none of VCUG-induced UTI occurred in those in whom the procedure was performed 2 weeks within the diagnosis. Conclusion : We conclude that the prevalence of VUR according to the timing of VCUG did not differ between the two groups in infantile UTI with renal cortical defect in DMSA scan. We also found that performing VCUG with antibiotics can decrease risk of VCUG-induced UTI.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2021

Radiographic contrast agents are used for diagnostic purposes and are one of the factors affecting measured values in bone density tests. They are absorbed into tissues and have an effect of increasing the measured values of bone density, so they are avoided as much as possible before performing a bone density test. MRI contrast agents, which have different physical properties and mechanisms of action than radiographic contrast agents, are based on gadolinium, a metal element. They have radiopacity characteristics, so MRI are generally performed prior to examination using radiation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of MRI contrast agents on bone mineral density examination using dual energy X-ray absorption. Two types of gadolinium based MRI contrast agents were injected into an acrylic water tank for each volume, and the humanoid spine phantom was inserted and the BMD and T-score from (L1-L4) were analyzed by scanning a total of 30 times, 5 times for each injection type. The average value of the measured total (L1-L4) bone density for each of the two contrast agents was 0.952±0.052, 0.957±0.050, and 0.956±0.05g/㎠, respectively, for the Gadoterate Meglumine component 0mL, 7.5mL and 15mL, when the gadobutrol components were 0mL, 5mL, and 10mL, there was no statistically significant difference at all sites at 0.953±0.001, 0.954±0.001, and 0.945±0.001g/㎠, respectively(p>0.05). The average value of total T-score was -0.46±0.05, -0.4±0, -0.42±0.04 when the Gadoterate Meglumine component was 0mL, 7.5mL and 15mL, respectively. When the Gadobutrol ingredients were 0mL, 5mL and 10mL, there was no statistically significant difference in all areas, with -0.46±0.05, -0.46±0.05, and 0.5±0.00, respectively. In this experiment, the MRI contrast agent was found to have no effect on bone density tests, using the dual-energy X-ray absorption method. There is a limitation in that physical conditions such as kidney and health conditions etc. were not taken into consideration, so further clinical research is expected to be conducted in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.183-192
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• 2006

간세포암은 우리나라에서 전체 암사망자 중 17.2%로 3번째의 흔한 사망원인이며, 간암에 의한 사망률은 인구 10만 명당 약 21명에 이른다. 본 논문에서는 간 내부에서 발생하는 간세포암을 CT 영상에서 자동으로 추출하는 방법을 제안하여 간세포암의 보조진단으로서의 유용성에 대해 알아보고자 한다. 간 내부의 종양을 추출하기 위해 흉부의 윗부분에서 시작하여 2.5mm의 간격으로 약 45-50장 정도를 촬영한 CT 영상들을 대상으로 먼저 간 영역을 추출한다. 간 영역 추출은 먼저 관심이 없는 외부 영역을 갈비뼈를 중심으로 제거한 후 영상의 밝기 정보를 이용하여 각 기관의 영역을 분할 한다. 분할된 영역들은 위 아래로 인접한 영상에서의 분할 영역들과 밝기 값을 비교하여 적절하게 병합하는 3차원적 접근방법을 사용한다. 간 영역은 여러개의 영역들 중에서 간 영역의 구조 및 위치 등의 정보를 활용하여 추출한다. 추출된 간 영역에서 종양 판별과 추출을 위해 종양이 가지는 특징을 분석하여 종양을 추출한다. 전형적인 간세포암은 과혈관성 종양이므로 조영증강 CT 영상에서 주위보다 밝은 색으로 나타나며, 팽창 형성장을 보일 경우에는 구형으로 나타나는 특징이 있다. 이에, 주위 보다 밝은 색을 가지고 둥근형태를 가지는 영역을 종양의 후보영역으로 선정한 후, 그 영상의 위와 아래로 연결되는 영상에서도 같은 위치에서 같은 특징을 보이는 영역이 있으면 간 내부의 종양으로 판별하여 추출한다. 제안된 간 영역 및 간 종양 추출 방법의 정확성을 판별하기 위하여 CT 영상을 대상으로 실험하여 영상의학 전문의가 판단한 결과와 비교하였다. 간 영역 추출은 정확히 모두 추출되었으며, 간 종양 추출 및 판별은 전문의의 보조 진단도구로 활용할 수 있는 가능성이 매우 높다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.emantic Similarity Measure 등을 단계적으로 수행하여 자동화되고 정확한 규칙식별을 하고자 한다. 이러한 방법들의 조합으로 인하여 규칙구성요소 추출이 되지 않을 후보 단어들의 수를 줄여서 보다 더 정확하고, 지능적인 규칙구성요소 추출 방법론을 제시하고 구현하여 지식관리자의 규칙습득에 대한 부담을 줄여 주고자 한다. 도움을 받을 수 있게 되었다.을 거치도록 되어있다. 교통주제도는 국가의 교통정책결정과 관련분야의 기초자료로서 다양하게 활용되고 있으며, 특히 ITS 노드/링크 기본지도로 활용되는 등 교통 분야의 중요한 지리정보로서 구축되고 있다..20{\pm}0.37L$, 72시간에 $1.33{\pm}0.33L$로 유의한 차이를 보였으므로(F=6.153, P=0.004), 술 후 폐환기능 회복에 효과가 있다. 4) 실험군과 대조군의 수술 후 노력성 폐활량은 수술 후 72시간에서 실험군이 $1.90{\pm}0.61L$, 대조군이 $1.51{\pm}0.38L$로 유의한 차이를 보였다(t=2.620, P=0.013). 5) 실험군과 대조군의 수술 후 일초 노력성 호기량은 수술 후 24시간에서 $1.33{\pm}0.56L,\;1.00{\ge}0.28L$로 유의한 차이를 보였고(t=2.530, P=0.017), 술 후 72시간에서 $1.72{\pm}0.65L,\;1.33{\pm}0.3L$로 유의한 차이를 보였다(t=2.540, P=0.016). 6) 대상자의 술 후 폐환기능에 영향을 미치는 요인은 성별로 나타났다. 이에 따른 폐환기능의 차이를 보면, 실험군의 술 후 노력성 폐활량이 48시간에 남자($1.78{\pm}0.61L$)가 여자(

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.70-83
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• 2013

To widen prospect of villa as Korea traditional garden, the result of the research about constructional characteristics of Seogo-jeongsa and Sameun-jeong of Yeoju Lee family at Toero-ri, Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea, is abstracted as below. Seogo-jeongsa(西皐精舍) and Sameun-jeong(三隱亭) was intended to practise retirement with sense of unity with the head residence, since Seogo-jeongsa was 340m far and sameun-jeong was 630m far away from head residence, which set within 1km. Although Seogo-jeongsa's basic prop, Sameun-jeong's timber, which are both from designer's pen name and head residence name, "Hangjae(恒齋)" and "Yongjae(庸齋)," and Hanseoam have each different exposure, it is homogeneous as space configurational side in order to optimize the gaze leading effect and appreciated domestic trees from the pond, which is center of the garden and the significant facility. Method of direction of Seogo-jeongsa's Hwalsudang(活水塘) and Sameunjeong's pond of Sameun-ji(三隱 池) gets attention by distinction. Especially, directing of 3 step water flow from behind to front and traditional pond method, called Bangji-Bangdo(方池方島), were very unique that any other place can be found. Also, the middle islet on the pond at both villa, which isn't more supper, but more for the symbolic molding that seek a stone pagoda(石假山), is more interesting directing method as considering the relationship of the 3 stone pagoda imageries on the surface of Ghwayukchon(果肉泉) At the same time, Seogo-jeongsa and Sameun-jeong shows very different characteristics from traditional villa that adopted both domestic trees and foreign trees. Particularly, it is extremely exceptional case to plant vigorous needleleaf tree, such as Chamaecyparis pisifera, C. obtusa, Pinus bungeana, P. palustris, Sciadopitys verticillata, Metasequoia glyptostroboides and Cedrus deodara, on Sameun-jeong. Moreover, adopting foreign wild needleleaf trees for landscaping trees, such as a Torreya nucifera, Taxus cuspidata, P. parviflora, and foreign landsacping trees, such as P. bungeana, Cryptomeria japonica and C. obtusa tells planting trend of the late Joseon dysnasty era. Also, as we can know from 2 Jipgyeong(集景), which is 'Seogo-jabyoung 17 young(西皐雜詠十七詠)', and 'Sameun-jeong 12 Gyoung(三隱亭十二景)' which are set on both villa, the intend to expand the garden area is strongly shown by the natural forest directing. As a result, Seogo-jeongsa and Sameun-jeong, located at Toero-li Miryang, are sharing the traditional Joseon dynasty era's custom, such as space and visual composition; however, it is different and attractive garden remains as a point of view of water directing, stone pagodas, and adopting foreign landscaping trees.