• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.292-299
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• 2014

In this study, nitrogen doped carbon felt (CFt) is prepared using thermal oxidation and liquid phase ammonia treatment to improve the efficiency for vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB). The electrochemical properties of prepared CFt electrodes are investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and charge/discharge test. The XPS result shows that the increase of liquid phase ammonia treatment temperature leads to the increased nitrogen functional group on the CFt surface. Redox reaction characteristics using CV reveal that the liquid phase ammonia treated CFt electrodes are more reversible than the thermally oxidized CFt. When CFt is treated by the liquid phase ammonia at $300^{\circ}C$, VRFB cell energy efficiency, voltage efficiency, and current efficiency are increased about 6.93%, 1.0%, and 4.5%, respectively, compared to those of the thermally oxidized CFt. These results are because nitrogen functional groups on CFt help to improve the electrochemical properties of redox reaction between electrode and electrolyte interface.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.191-197
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• 2001

The cyber university, which authoring systems for digital contents using multimedia technologies ate used for its courses, is highlighted to be a promising alternative for the current off-line education system. As the demand for the authoring system is constantly increasing, many systems, which emphasize the developers' convenience only, are currently used. Since the generated digital contents using these systems are failed to draw the learners' active interaction with contents, the new authoring system is expected to be existed. This paper presents, develops, and implements the new contents authoring system by using programing languages and/or software tools based on the storyboard. The presented, developed, and implemented system mimics the face-to-face education in off-line system, induces the users' active interaction with contents, and the effective evaluation system to the users.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.591-600
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• 2012

Variety media based on the digital technology have emerged from the beginning of the 21th century and have competed with the traditional media in the advertisement market. With the high dependency upon the advertisement market, the Korean media industry has the urgent demand to increase it's pie. Korea regulator allowed PPL and private representatives, which resulted in low outcome. This study analysed the decision factors for the advertising market with the cross-sectional microeconomic data for 28 countries in OECD. The service industry, tax and GDP per capita affect negatively to the market growth rate, and unemployment positively. Therefore the market's growth speed would be slow down and the share of TV decreased. Therefore the two policies were suggested, increasing the direct payment by the audiences and retire of the inefficient broadcasters.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.119-138
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• 1988

현재 우리나라 주류산업(酒類産業)이 안고 있는 문제점(問題點)들은 과다(過多)한 정부규제(政府規制)와 대기업(大企業)의 시장지배현상(市場支配現象)으로 요약될 수 있다. 원료배분(原料配分), 가격규제(價格規制), 제조(製造) 및 판매면허(販賣免許), 지역판매(地域販賣) 등 기업활동(企業活動)의 거의 전분야(全分野)에 걸쳐 각종 규제(規制)가 엄격히 적용되고 있어 자유로운 기업활동(企業活動)을 저해(沮害)하는 장애요인(障碍要因)이 되고 있다. 주류산업(酒類産業)에 대한 또 하나의 문제점(問題點)으로서 대기업(大企業)의 시장지배현상(市場支配現象)은 특히 유통업(流通業)에 대한 대제조사(大製造社)의 거래관행(去來慣行)에서 두드러지게 나타나는바 이는 기본적으로 유통업(流通業)의 규모(規模)가 영세(零細)한 데 기인하는 것으로 판단되며 덤핑행위(行爲) 등 유통질서문란(流通秩序紊亂)의 원인이 되고 있다. 본고(本稿)는 이와 같은 주류제조업(酒類製造業)과 유통업(流通業)의 구조적(構造的) 문제점(問題點)을 동시적(同詩的)으로 고찰(考察)하여 제도적(制度的)인 측면(側面)에서의 해결방안을 모색(摸索)하는 것을 그 목적(目的)으로 하고 있다. 본고(本稿)에서 제시하는 주류산업정책(酒類産業政策)의 개선방향(改善方向)을 요약하면 우선 시의(時宜)에 비추어 불필요(不必要)하거나 과도(過度)한 정부규제(政府規制)를 과감히 완화(緩和)하여 기업들이 장기적(長期的)으로 볼 때 소비자선택(消費者選擇)에 의한 상품경쟁(商品競爭)을 통해 환경변화에 자율적(自律的)으로 적용할 수 있도록 하는 것이 바람직하며 현행(現行)의 세제(稅制)에 대해서도 용기개발 및 재고처리 등에 상존하는 불합리한 세제(稅制) 및 주류별(酒類別) 세율(稅率)을 개선하여 여건변화에 따라 탄력적(彈力的)으로 적용(適用)하는 것이 세수위주(稅收爲主)의 조세행정(租稅行政)을 지양하고 주류산업(酒類産業)의 효율성증진(效率性增進)에 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.1164-1171
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• 2009

This paper proposes an efficient implementation way of traditional wooden building using Parametric modeling method which uses the relations of numerical value ratio between building materials. Building structures and order of construction for Geunjungjeon of Kyuungbok Palace is digitally implemented proving the efficiency of the suggested proposal. Although the existing digital modeling methods for traditional wooden building emphasize the exterior modeling of the building, our modeling method constructed numerous wooden materials and arranged those pieces orderly so that people can see the interior structures of the building which usually is beyond one's vision. The suggested Parametric modeling method, Multi-Object Texture Mapping, Physical Camera Restoration, and GI Renderer for implementing Geunjungjeon of Kyuungbok Palace can be practically used for digital implementation for other traditional wooden buildings.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.369-376
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• 2023

In this study, the alternative to the energy-intensive conventional vacuum distillation process, an eco-friendly and energy-efficient pervaporation separation was employed in 1,2 hexane diol/water (HDO/water) mixture. The crosslinked PVA-glutaraldehyde was coated inside the alumina hollow fiber membrane (Al-HF). In the HDO/IPA pervaporation separation, optimization of the membrane concerning PVA/GA ratio, curing temperature, and pervaporation operating condition were performed. In the long-term stability test, the sustainable pervaporation separation performance giving flux in the range of 1.90~2.16 kg/m²h, and water content in permeate was higher than 99.5% (separation factor = 68) was obtained from the PVA/GA (molar ratio = 0.08, curing temperature = 80℃) coated Al-HF membrane from HDO/water (25/75, w/w, %) mixture at 40℃. Therefore, this work provides potential and inspiration for PVA-based membranes to mitigate excessive energy requirements in HDO/water separation by pervaporation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.167-173
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• 2011

The Effects of external resistance on electrical properties such as current density, power density and coulombic efficiency were investigated in two-chamber type MFCs using a ferricyanide as reducing agent. A stable electricity was produced when a constant time elapsed after innoculation of mixed cultures into the anode compartment; voltages from 0.13 to 0.16 V was measured at $50{\Omega}$ of external resistance. When the external resistance was increased, the current density decreased and the power density rapidly increased and then slowly decreased. Big variation of electrical properties was observed in high-current density region due to the concentration loss related with substrate consumption in repeated experiments changing the external resistance. The maximum power density ($175.8mW/m^2$) and coulombic efficiency (46.1%) were obtained at $100{\Omega}$ of the external resistance which is nearest with the internal resistance ($134{\Omega}$) of MFC system.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.109-130
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• 2013

This study aims to identify the priority for the Gwangyang and Qingdao hinterlands which are in the same category of benchmarking crowed paths. This study has been mainly done with comparison. There is certain limitation to use competitive factors of existing research so, this study has had proper competitive factors deriving from factors analysis and studied hinterland priority of competing factors by AHP. Major results are as follows. First, the factor analysis resulted in 20 factor that were 0.6 or higher loading level of commonality and then these 20 factors were divided into groups: operating factors, service factors, cost factors, port infrastructure factors, and hinterland conditions factors with the rotated component matrix analysis. Second, according to the result of top competitive factors, the best factor was the hinterland condition(0.256). The other factors such as infrastructure, economy, accessibility, incentive, and port traffic in hinterland were highly ranked in terms of general importance using multiple weights. Third, the result of detailed properties importance about the final alternative, Gwangyang hinterland was considered more highly than Qingdao hinterland in the port information system, the support a variety of administrative services, the efficiency of the customs, and the tax benefits.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.18-26
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• 2014

This study was conducted to analyze the recognition of the validity of the design changes that classified the type of design changes that occurred in the Apartment Complex Landscaping Planting Construction that have been ordered in 'A' work. This research was also carried out for the purpose of presentation of the basic data in order to effectively manage the change order of landscape-planting construction's future work. The following conclusions were derived. First, the 7 types of change orders in planting design were delineated as 'design changes for image improvement', 'design changes due to the mismatch of design statement', 'design changes due to lack of field study', 'design changes for consideration of the user', 'design changes due to consideration of the workability', 'the design changes for ease of maintenance', and the 'design changes due to the relationship with the Engineering species of other.' Second, it is possible to produce a negative impact of all construction costs have increased due to design changes of landscaping planting construction is grasped. Third, There were the most frequent change order in planting design for the 'image improving', 'due to the mismatch of planting design to the site situation.' Fourth, the results of confirmatory targeting professional landscaping areas, was found that the statistics of the type of change landscaping planting construction design seven derived in this study is valid.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.177-187
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• 2016

This study started with the question, "Is the cost of landscape construction work in residential areas measured by public enterprises, 'in response to the needs of consumers?" The study analyzed whether the landscape construction expenditure is being introduced at an appropriate ratio according to the value the residents have regarding landscape elements. Following this, research was conducted for the purpose of providing basic data for improving the efficiency of formulating apartment landscape construction costs in the future. This research proceeded based on a questionnaire survey of residents of apartments, and the content of the questionnaire used frequency analysis and descriptive statistics research methods. To take a look at a comparative analysis of value recognition, in particular, a comparative analysis was performed based on the actual input cost based on the ratio of landscape elements by layer. Conclusions were found as follows: First, the degree of interest in the apartment landscape of the tenants was high, and the value of the landscape was high but realistic satisfaction appeared comparatively low. Second, the awareness of residents' values regarding landscape elements appeared to give "plantings" more value than "facilities". Thirdly, as a result of a mutual comparison between the values recognized by the resident regarding landscape elements and the construction input fee, depending on the landscape elements, it appeared that there is a difference in the ratio of up to 52 times from 1.25. Fourth, the fact that there is a difference in the relative proportion of value recognition and inputting construction cost indicates that it is not possible to respond to the needs of tenants during the construction cost development process. It also shows that the utility of inputting construction costs is low. Therefore, a macro-level examination such as reflecting the existing inflation rate is necessary to develop the efficient landscape construction cost of apartment such as the awareness of the value of the residents regarding landscape elements, out of the customary construction cost formulation method based on the microscopic dimensions of the consumer side.