• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.279-291
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• 1996

저수준레에저요법에 대해서는 지난 10여년간 의학계 및 치과계에서 임상적으로 사용하여 좋은 결과가 있다고 많은 보고가 발표되고 있다. 특히 치근의 골결손에 관한 연구에서는 전기요법, 초음파요법, 전자장요법 등 뿐만아니라 저수준레이저를 사용하여 골절부내 Callus형성이 촉진되었음을 보고하고 새로운 치료법의 하나가 될 수 있음을 제안한 바도 있다. 본 연구에서는 칼륨비소를 다이오드로 사용한 저수준레이저조사가 골결손의 치유에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 확인하고자 골모세포의 알칼리성 인산분해효소의 활성화와 석회화결절의 형성을 평가함으로 골모세포의 기능을 조사코저하였다. 실험은 첫째, 9개군으로 나누어 레이저 조사기간에 따른 알칼리성 인산분해효소의 활성화를 조사하였고, 둘째, 이를 근거로 9일간 계속 매일 1회 1.3 J/cm2의 레이저를 조사한 후 펄스의 종류별 차이를 비교하였으며, 세째,레이저펄스별 석회차 결절의 형성 정도를 광학현미경으로 관찰하여 비교분석하였다. 결과, 7일 계속 레이저를 조사한 경우 다른 군에 비해 서서히 ALP의 활성이 증가하였으나 유의한 차이는 없었으며. 따라서 9일동안 레이저를 계속 조사한 경우에는 전체 에너지량이 5.895 J/cm2 인 펄스13과 15가 뚜렷하게 유의한 증가를 보여주었다. 그러나 석회화결절의 형성은 전체 에너지량이 2.546 J/cm2 인 펄스11에서 가장 많았다. 결론적으로 골형성이나 알칼리성 인산분해효소의 활성을 촉진하는 데에는 적절한 레이저 조사조건이 필요하나, 알칼리성 인산분해효소의 활성을 촉진한 펄스와 석회화결절의 형성을 촉진하는 펄스가 서로 다르게 나타난 것은 골형성을 촉진하는 여러요인 들이 저수준레이저에 자극받았을 가능성이 높음을 보여준다 이러한 결과들로 보아 저수준레이저는 골모세포의 기능을 자극하여 골결손의 치유를 개선하는 데 도움될 것이라 사료된다.다. 각 백서의 양측 창상중 하나는 1,3,5,7일 마다 각 실험의 방법에 따라 레이저를 조사하고 실험동물의 다른 창상은 대조군으로서 사용하였다. 모든 창상의 면적은 실험 1,3,5,7 일째에 일정한 거리에서 사진촬영하여 면적계를 이용, 측정한 후 통계적인 의의를 조사하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 저수준레이저는 특정 조건하에서 S. aureus의 증식을 촉진하였다. 그러나 S. aureus에 감염된 창상을 저수준레이저로 조사시 치유가 촉진되었다. 중앙 조사법고 주변조사법에 의한 창상치유효과는 통계적인 의의가 보이지 않았다. 따라서 결론적으로 S. aureus 에 감염된 창상에 직접 또는 간접적이든 pulse의 종류에 관계없이 조사하는 경우 치유효과가 나타나는 것은 정사주위 조직의 LLLI 자극효과가 염증의 확산을 억제한다고 말할수 있다.4/1$0^{\circ}C$에서는 Shoa-Nan-Tsan과 Lenkwang이 가장 높았으며 백앙벼는 3 온도 조건 모두에서 활성이 낮았다. 발아소요일수와 amylase 활성과는 유의적인 정의 상관관계를 보였다., 다다조, 미국의 건답직파재배 품종 등이었으며 우리 나라 육성종들은 모두 지중에서 신장이 멈추어 제1본엽이 지중에서 추출하였으며, Scm파종심에서 불완전엽이 지면을 뚫고 나오는 품종은 Chinsura Boro뿐이었고 Nato, Labelle, Weld Pally, Italliconaverneco 등도 지면 가까이 까지 신장하였다. 6. 50% 출아일수는 제2절간장을 제외 한 모든 유아 형질의 신장도와 유의한 부의 상관을 보였는데 가장 높은 상관을 보인 것은 중배축장＋제1절간장＋불완전옆장이었으며, 다음이 불완전엽장이 었다. 7. 출아율은 중배축장+제1절간장＋불완전엽장, 중배축장＋초엽 장과 모든 파종심에서 높은 정의 상관을 보여 제1본엽의 추출 위치가 높을수록

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.33-44
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to provide basic information and investigate a vegetation structure around Tohamsan (Mt.) Wetland. Actual vegetation map was made on the basis of watershed around that. Vegetation structure survey was carried out for 8 representative communities of actual vegetation which were Pinus densifrora community, Quercus variabilis community, Cornus controversa community, Q. serrata community, Q. mongolica-Q. serrata community, Salix koreensis community, Q. mongolica community, Q. variabilis-Q. mongolica-Q. serrata community. Tohamsan (Mt.) Wetland is located on 490m above sea level and the area of watershed was $236,272m^2$. Vegetation type were divided into 16 types, and the ratio of Q. mongolica community was 33.1% ($78,209.2m^2$). In order to turn out the structure of 8 representative communties, 32 plots were set up and unit area of plot was $100m^2$. The estimated age of forest is 30~50-years-old, and in the resutls of soil analysis, acidity was pH 4.89 and organic matter was 4.46%.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.187-193
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• 2011

RDA has been conducting soil survey for farmland all over the korean countries (1964-1999), including small islands and areas of the civilian passage restriction line (2000-present). We conducted a soil survey in Dokdo and Ulreungdo islands and found a new soil series "Dokdo" in Dokdo island. Soil properties of Dokdo were similar to those of Ulreungdo. Representative profiles of Dokdo soil was located at the south 20m of Daehan peak on Seodo (longitude $131^{\circ}$51'53", latitude $37^{\circ}$14'35"), Dokdo. The soil series "Dokdo" was interpreted as the soils were derived from trachyandesite, trachyte, rhyolite, and tuff. The soil properties of Dokdo series were classified as different ones from Korean soil series previously. The soil depth of Dokdo series was very shallow (0-20cm) and soil layer was consisted of very dark brown (10YR 2/2) rocky sandy loam and dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) gravelly silt loam in AC layer. The soils of Dokdo displayed characteristics of a mesic temperature regime, similar as Ulreungdo soils, which were classified as coarse loamy, mesic family of Lithic Udorthents. The total area of Dokdo soil was 18.7 ha, containing Dongdo (7.3 ha), Seodo (8.9 ha), and the others (2.6 ha). The area of Dokdo series in Dokdo was 10.47 ha (Dongdo 4.13 ha, Seodo 6.34 ha) and 808.56 ha in Ulreungdo, where the total soil area was 7,256 ha.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.6_3
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• pp.1837-1846
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• 2022

The annual increase in chemical accidents is causing damage to life and the environment due to the spread and residual of substances. Environmental damage investigation is more difficult to determine the geographical scope and timing than human damage investigation. Considering the reality that there is a lack of professional investigation personnel, it is urgent to develop an efficient quantitative evaluation method. In order to improve this situation, this paper conducted a chemical accidents investigation using unmanned aerial vehicles(UAV) equipped with various sensors. The damaged area was calculated by Ortho-image and strength of agreement was calculated using the normalized difference vegetation index image. As a result, the Cohen's Kappa coefficient was 0.649 (threshold 0.7). However, there is a limitation in that analysis has been performed based on the pixel of the normalized difference vegetation index. Therefore, there is a need for a chemical accident investigation plan that overcomes the limitations.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.773-786
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• 2016

Grape cultivar "Campbell Early" account for 70% of table grape in Korea and Leaf Spot Disease caused by Pseudocercospora vitis is one of a major disease in greenhouse and field grown area during late summer season in both of organic and conventional grape farm. Leaf spot disease can cause lowing of sugar content in fruit and vine growth and very difficult to control especially in organic field. Photosynthesis ability and chemical components are compared between leaf spot disease infected leaves with degree of necrotic area. With increase of disease necrotic area, $CO_2$ differential value, water use efficiency and $CO_2$ assimilation and respiration ratio are decreased proportionally and on the other hand, stomatal conductance value is not affected by disease necrotic area. Chlorophyll contents are also decreased by 50% in heavily infected leaves and imply decrease of chlorophyll contents is a major source of photosynthesis ability decline. With increase of disease necrotic area in leaves, total nitrogen and phosphate contents are decreased and on the other side, total carbon, potassium, calcium and magnesium contents are increased. From this research, we can infer that not only chemical control program is important in control of leaf spot disease but also fertilizing program is significant especially in organic agronomical control of fungal disease in grape cultivar "Campbell Early".

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.104-112
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• 2006

Population growths of earthworm were investigated when the earthworm populations with different levels of initial densities per unit area were fed with cow dung mixed with paper mill sludge. The tested levels of earthworm densities were as follows; $1kg/m^2$, $2kg/m^2$, $3kg/m^2$, $5kg/m^2$. There were no significant differences in population growth rates 60 and 90 days after feed supply among the tested densities of earthworm. Therefore, it was suggested that initial densities of earthworm populations per unit area higher than $3kg/m^2$ should not be favorable because of the cost for purchasing earthworm. Vermicomposting rates of earthworm on feed were also investigated when different amounts of feed were supplied repeatedly to unit area of nursery bed with $5kg/m^2$ of initial densities earthworm populations. The tested amounts of feed at each supplying time were as follows; $16kg/m^2$, $24kg/m^2$, $32kg/m^2$, $40kg/m^2$. The more the amount of feed at each supplying time, the higher vermicomposting rate and population growth rate. Therefore, it should be more favorable for earthworm breeders to supply more than $40kg/m^2$ of feed at each supplying time, because it would reduce time and labor cost.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.245-255
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• 1994

Weak persistence of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) under continuous grazing management has been limited its availability in the mixture with grasses. The experiment was carried out to determine the effect of defoliation interval on the regrowth and morphological characters of the clover cultivars. Individual plants of Regal (large leaf), Grasslands Huia (medium-small leaf) and Aberystwyth S184 (small leaf) were grown in 15cm plastic pot containing a 1: 2: 1 soil:sand:Promix mixture for 55 days, and then clipped to remove all fully expanded leaves every 7, 14 or 28 days. For the analysis of the cultivar response, plants were sampled on the final harvest date(0), and 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after the final harvest date. Harvested dry weight of all cultivars declined as defoliation interval was increased, and that of Regal was the highest compared to the other cultivars. During the regrowing period, increase of total plant dry weight was due to that of leaf and petiole dry weight, and that of Osceola was greater than the others. Although total leaf area and mean single leaf area were increased during the regrowing period, they were reduced with increased defoliation interval and those of Osceola were the greatest until 14-days regrowth. S184 possessed the most number of leaves and Osceola did the longest petiole since 14-days regrowth although the more defoliation, the less nunber of leaves per plant and the shorter petiole. Stolon length and growing tips of all cultivars increased steeply during regrowth, while they were decreased with increased defoliation interval and those of S184 were the highest. More frequent defoliation had detrimental effects on regrowth of white clover, although larger leaf type was productive but less persistent in a mixture with grasses than smaller leaf type.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.280-287
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• 1997

This study was carried out to investigate agricultural status and soil fertility of Bonghwang-cheon watershed area which is located at Chodong-myeon, Milyang-si. The acreage of arable land was about 1,209ha, and the population was 3,706 people. Out of total arable land, paddy was 64.4%, upland 19.6% and orchard 16.0%. Chicken was the largest in the number of livestock and poultry, but pig seems to contribute most severly to water pollution. The geology in the lower stream was alluvium but andesite and derivated materials from it were occupied most upland areas. Tuff was scattered in the small area near by the alluvium of Nakdong river, and diorite and granodiorite were located at the low hill and mountains respectivately. The principal paddy soils in the area were Geumgog, Jisan and Imgog series etc of fine loamy on sloped valleys and fans. The Pyeongtaeg series, fine silty family of imperfectly drained on plain was irrigated by Chodong reservoir. The clayey Honam series on alluvium was distributed along the low hill while Gyuam series, coarse silty alluvial soil way close to Nakdong river. In chemical properties of soils, the vinyl house soils were higher in EC, and orchard soils in OM, $P_2O_5$, exchangeable canons than other soils.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2016

The use of cardiac angiography (CA) and the interventional procedures is rapidly increasing due to the increase in modern adult diseases. Cardiovascular intervention (CI) is an examination method where radiation is applied to the same area for a long period, and thus may cause skin injury. In this study, we investigate the diagnostic reference level (DRL) of the cardiovascular intervention (CI) carried out by medical institutions and use it as a tool to reduce patient exposure dose. In this study, the DRL was set by acquiring information about the cumulative fluoroscopy time, cumulative fluoroscopy dose-area product (DAP), radiography DAP, cumulative DAP, air kerma, number of video clips, and the total number of images from the cardiac angiography and interventional procedures performed on 147 patients. The DAPs corresponding to the DRL of cardiac angiography(CA) and that of the interventional procedures were shown to be $44.4Gy{\cdot}cm2$ and $298.6Gy{\cdot}cm2$, respectively; the corresponding DRLs of fluoroscopy time were shown to be 191.5s and 1935.3s, respectively. A DRL is not a strict upper bound for radiation exposure. However, the process of setting, enacting, and reviewing the DRLs for the dose by medical institutions will contribute to a reduction in the unnecessary exposure dose of patients.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.265-265
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• 2016

호우가 홍수에 미치는 영향의 분석은 수문현상을 이해하고 수공구조물을 설계하는데 반드시 필요한 절차이다. 호우가 홍수에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해서 독립된 소유역부터 비독립된 대유역까지 홍수량을 계산하고 그 상관성을 이해해야 하지만 상류쪽의 소유역의 경우 관측자료의 부재가 빈번하여 이러한 전반적인 분석이 쉽지 않다. 그리고 소유역과 대유역의 홍수특성을 연관지어 분석하기 위해서는 비교가능한 홍수특성을 추출해야 하며 이러한 일관된 잣대를 사용한 홍수분석은 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 소유역의 자료부재를 보완하기 위해 자료공간확장 방법을 제안하고 이를 통하여 안동댐 유역내 총 50개 지점의 홍수 시계열자료를 생성하였다. 자료공간확장 방법으로써, 안동댐유역의 1989년부터 2009년까지의 자료의 질이 좋은 20개의 사상을 추출하였고 안동댐유역 내에 위치한 안동댐, 도산, 소천의 수위관측지점의 관측유량자료에 대해 분포형 모형인 GRM 모형의 매개변수를 시행착오법으로 동시에 보정하여 한 개셋의 최적 매개변수를 추정하였다. 이때 모의결과를 평가하기 위하여 Nash-Sutcliffe (NS) 계수를 사용하였으며 20갯 사상의 세군데 관측수위지점에 대해서 모의결과가 전반적으로 0.5 NS 계수 이상으로써 만족할 만한 결과를 얻었다. 이 추정된 매개변수는 47개의 추가적인 관심지점의 유출모의에 사용되었으며 이렇게 모의된 유출시계열 자료는 관측시계열 자료로 가정하여 사용하였다. 이렇게 공간확장되어 생성된 시계열 자료는 이동평균방법을 사용하여 홍수강도-지속시간 곡선으로 변환되었고 50개 유역의 평균강우량 시계열 자료 또한 같은 밥법을 사용하여 강우강도-지속시간 곡선으로 변환되었다. 50개 유역의 비교가능한 일관된 홍수특성을 추출하기 위해 비유량법의 유출계수를 계산하였다. 유출계수를 계산하기 위해 유역별 도달시간을 계산하였으며 이 도달시간에 해당하는 강우강도를 추출하였다. 그리고 유역별 첨두 홍수강도를 유역별 도달시간에 해당하는 강우강도로 나눠줌으로써 유역별 유출계수를 계산하였고 이 유출계수를 유역면적에 대해 도시함으로써 그 경향을 조사하였다. 조사 결과 유역면적이 $100km^2$ 이상으로써 상류에서 하류방향으로 유역이 중첩되면서 증가하는 비독립적인 유역들의 경우 유역면적이 증가함에 따라 유출계수가 작아지거나 커지는 어떠한 경향을 보였다. 하지만 유역면적이 $100km^2$ 이하로써 독립적인 소유역의 경우 유역면적이 증가함에 따라 유출계수는 무작위로 분포되었다. 이것은 비독립적인 유역의 경우에는 호우가 홍수에 어떠한 일관된 영향을 미치나 각각 독립된 소유역의 경우에는 일관된 영향을 미치지 않음으로써 지역화방법에 의한 독립된 인근 미계측유역의 유출추정은 그 신뢰성이 높지 않다는 것을 의미한다.