• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.12A no.5 s.95
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• pp.451-460
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• 2005

We present a methodology to design energy-efficient data paths using FPGAs. Our methodology integrates domain specific modeling, coarse-grained performance evaluation, design space exploration, and low-level simulation to understand the tradeoffs between energy, latency, and area. The domain specific modeling technique defines a high-level model by identifying various components and parameters specific to a domain that affect the system-wide energy dissipation. A domain is a family of architectures and corresponding algorithms for a given application kernel. The high-level model also consists of functions for estimating energy, latency, and area that facilitate tradeoff analysis. Design space exploration(DSE) analyzes the design space defined by the domain and selects a set of designs. Low-level simulations are used for accurate performance estimation for the designs selected by the DSE and also for final design selection We illustrate our methodology using a family of architectures and algorithms for matrix multiplication. The designs identified by our methodology demonstrate tradeoffs among energy, latency, and area. We compare our designs with a vendor specified matrix multiplication kernel to demonstrate the effectiveness of our methodology. To illustrate the effectiveness of our methodology, we used average power density(E/AT), energy/(area x latency), as themetric for comparison. For various problem sizes, designs obtained using our methodology are on average $25\%$ superior with respect to the E/AT performance metric, compared with the state-of-the-art designs by Xilinx. We also discuss the implementation of our methodology using the MILAN framework.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.383-388
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the dry matter intake, weight gain and the required area of grazing pasture for dairy goats. The experimental trials were conducted from April, 2007 to June, 2008 at the animal experimental station in Chungnam National University. The seed mixtures of grazing pasture were composed of orchardgrass (40%) + tall fescue (20%) + perennial ryegrass (10%) + alfalfa (15%) + red clover (15%). The grazing area was $5,000\;m^2$ which was composed of 4 paddocks (average $1,250\;m^2$/plot) and the goats were grazed twelve times by a rotational grazing system. The dairy goats (Saanen) were selected which had nearly the same body weight (average 31.1kg). The average chemical composition of herbage of mixture in grazing periods was crude protein (20.4%), NDF (65.3%) and ADF (31.1%) respectively and the in vitro dry matter digestibility was 68.9%. The average dry matter intake amount per head was 1.253 kg, and the intake amount per body weight was 3.01%. The average body weight gain during the grazing periods (184 days) was 17.4 kg, and the daily gain was 98 g. The required area of grazing pasture was calculated at $467.7\;m^2$ a dairy goat (weight 50 kg basis). This figure, being converted into animal unit (AU), corresponded to approximately 2.14 AU/ha.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 1971

This study are conducted to observe the correlation which are concerned with tile internode length to the leaf area and leaf weight. Where as, small leaf variety Gae Ryang Su Ban, and large leaf variety Ro Sang are adopted to observe their correlations in a group consisting of 30 varieties and in identifiable varieties. The results are as follows: A. Such positive correlations are observed between each characteristics and leaf area with leaf weight. (1) There are highly positive correlation between internode length and leaf area with leaf weight together within varieties group. (2) No correlation with stem length is observed, but high correlation is acknowledged in identifiable varieties although positive correlations are recognized. (3) Correlations are showed between stem volume and leaf area with leaf weight in identifiable varieties, especially Gae Ryang Su Ban higher than any other varieties. (4) Petiole length is not correlated to leaf area and leaf weight in varieties group, but petiole weight is highly correlated to leaf area and leaf weight in varieties group, Gae Ryang Su Ban and Ro Sang variety. B. Internode length along with the stem parts shows the same tendency of variance as most varieties do； internode length of I part at the base is the longest one, gradually shrunk to that of III part and gloved longer, and again internode length becomes shorter to the top. C. Variance of leaf area and leaf weight along with the parts are the lowest ones at the I part, gradually increased to the maximum at IV part, and here after it comes to shrink.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.108 no.1
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• pp.10-20
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to identify the long-term area changes in the subalpine coniferous forests in Korea in order to understand the changes in the subalpine forest ecosystems vulnerable to climate change. We analyzed 20 years of time-series Landsat satellite images (mid 1990s, mid 2010s) for change detection of coniferous forests and compared with the long term changes of climate information to identify their relationship in the study area. As a result, the area of coniferous forests in the study region decreased by 25% over 20 years. The regions with largest changes are Seoraksan, Baegunsan-Hambaeksan-Jangsan, Jirisan, and Hallasan. The region with the largest decrease in area was Baegunsan (reduced area: 542 ha), and the region with large decrease in area and the largest rate of decrease was Hallasan (rate of decrease: 33.3%). As the Jeju region has the most rapid temperature rise, it is projected that Hallasan is the most vulnerable forest ecosystem affected by climate change. The result of this study shows that from a long-term perspective the overall coniferous forests in the subalpine region are declining, but the trend varies in each region. This national and long-term information on the change of coniferous forests in the subalpine region can be utilized as baseline data for the detailed survey of endangered subalpine coniferous trees in the future.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.55 no.11
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• pp.969-977
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• 2022

In order to respond to the increase in water disasters due to climate change and urbanization, research on low impact development (LID) techniques and application to cities are expanding. The LID technique is a technology that reduces rainwater runoff in the city, controls various water disasters such as flash floods, etc. in an eco-friendly way, and restores the urban water circulation system to a natural water circulation system. However, quantitative analysis of stormwater runoff reduction through the LID technique is insufficient. Therefore, this study analyzed the ratio of the permeable area required to reduce the surface runoff of rainfall (25 mm/hr, 50 mm/hr, 100 mm/hr) with respect to the impervious watershed area of the old city using the permeable pavement. As a result of the analysis, it was found that a permeable area ratio of 7.14 to 12.63% of the total area was required for 25 mm/hr, 15.79 to 26.97% for 50 mm/hr, and 30 to 55.81% for 100 mm/hr.

• 농업기술회보
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.37-38
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• 2011

포도 주산지를 중심으로 문제가 되고 있는 꽃매미는 올해도 전국에 발생되어 농가에서는 각별한 주의가 요구되고 있다. 올해 농림수산식품부에서 조사한 발생면적은 7천여ha로 전년보다 11% 정도 감소했지만, 발생지역은 10개 시도, 68개 시군으로 전년보다 20개 시군이 늘어나 확산추체에 있다.

• 농업기술회보
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.41-41
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• 2011

포도 주산지를 중심으로 문제가 되고 있는 꽃매미는 올해도 전국에 발생되어 농가에서는 각별한 주의가 요구되고 있다. 올해 농림수산식품부에서 조사한 발생면적은 7천여 ha로 전년보다 11% 정도 감소했지만, 발생지역은 10개 시도, 68개 시군으로 전년보다 20개 시군이 늘어나 확산추세에 있다.

• KAPE Magazine
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• s.163
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• pp.20-20
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• 2010

목초 및 사료 재배시에는 수확물이 일시에 생산되므로 이들을 조제 저장하여 연중 균형 있는 조사료의 공급체계 확립이 필요하다. 담근먹이는 신선한 자료를 중 균형 있게 급여할 수 있고 좁은 면적에 많은 양을 저장할 수 있다. 또 조제 및 저장 중 양분 손실이 건조 조제시에 비해 적다.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.116-121
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• 2024

본 고는 지난 2023년 계란자조금사업의 일환으로 '산란계 사육면적 확대에 따른 산란계 농가 정책방향 제시' 연구용역사업으로 발표된 자료를 바탕으로 작성되었다. 연구용역을 맡은 필자는 2023년 9월 17일~10월 14일까지 유럽 3개국 스페인 독일 폴란드와 미국 일본을 방문하여 조사한 자료를 바탕으로 내 용을 정리했다.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.99-107
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• 1992

Effects of the indigenous Vesicular-arbuscular mycurrhizal fungi(VAMF) on early growth response of greenhouse grown crops were experimented. This study was done to evaluate the benefit of indigenous VAMF inoculation on the early growth and the subsequent growth after transplanting of some crops such as cucumber, tomato, hot pepper, eggplant, and melon. Leaf area, shoot dry weight, and plant length of mycorrhizal greenhouse crops showed the tendency of significant or no significant increase over control plants receiving no inoculation. The levels of VA mycorrhizal colonization were increased with plant growth, and infection rates of horticultural crop except hot pepper around one week after transplanting were decreased, while that of 8 weeks after emergence of mycorrhizal seedlings were increased again and infected by around 50% at harvesting time. In spore densities in the rhizosphere soil of craps experimented, the number of spore ranged from $72.7{\pm}26.3$ to $100{\pm}10.3g^1$ on dried soil basis and high density showed in both cucumber and tomato. Total nitrogen contents in shoots were lower in the mycorrhizal plants than non-mycorrhizal one, whereas P uptake in mycorrhizal hot pepper and tomato were highly ramarkable. The K contents in the shoots of mycorrhizal cucumber and eggplent were highly enhanced. Inoculation of the indigenous VAMF enhanced shoot Ca and Mg in both tomoto and melon. The contents of Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu in shoots of mycorrhizal crops were higher than non-mycorrhizal plants and vice versa in case of eggplent. Inoculation of the indigenous VAMF to horticultural crops were effective for alleviation of transplanting shock, and pretransplanting infection improved subsequent growth by reducing the time required for establishment of a functional mycorrhizal symbiosis following transplanting.