• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.609-622
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• 2007

This paper examines the lava tubes designated as a natural monument in Jeju Island, and then makes the several suggestions for conserving and managing them. The cave entrances should be scientifically and strictly managed to prevent the deterioration, and to preserve the interior ecosystem, of the lava tubes. The land use and vegetation of the ground surface over the lava tubes should be also systematically managed; the destroyed sand dunes must be recovered for the development of speleothem in the lava tubes, and the plants with deep roots must be removed for the prevention of ceiling collapse. The provincial authorities should manage the ground surface over the lava tubes as a public land to remove the factors threatening the stability of the lava tubes. Since the roads crossing the ground surface are likely to cause the collapse of the lava tubes, new roads bypassing the caves need to be constructed, and warning signs should be also installed at the traverse points. A monitoring system on the cultural properties protection area over the lava tubes could be effectively established by encouraging residents to participate the conservation program of lava tubes. Since the falling blocks from ceilings have been usually observed in the lava tubes, it is urgent to examine their stability. In particular, the dangerous sections must be continuously monitored for taking a quick measure against the collapse. The air environments of lava tubes need to be scientifically analyzed based upon the long-term observations. The lighting equipments must be improved to minimize the green pollution in the lava tubes open to the public. The numbers of visitors should be also controlled to prevent the destruction and contamination of lava tubes caused by a large number of visitors.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2005

Objective : The present study was carried out to investigate the preventive effect of Several Herb-combind Prescription(SHP) on Streptozotocin (STZ) -induced Diabetes mellitus. Methods : SHP was given to rats with the combination of oral administration and herbal-acupuncture stimulation. The experimental animals were divided into 3 groups : normal group of rats, control group of STZ-induced diabetic rats, sample group with SHP treatment. In vitro test of SHP showed ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition, DPPH radical scavenging activity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Experimental diabetes was induced by the injection of STZ(60mg/kg) to the rat via the peritoneum. The effect of SHP on STZ-induced diabetes was observed by measuring the seum level of insulin, glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol and lipid peroxides. Hepatic activities of catalase and reduced glutathione were examined and insulin granule was observed by immunohistochemical examination. Result : STZ caused hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia by a selectively destroying pancreatic ${\beta}$-cell. SHP treatment protected them from the hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia. STZ induced increase of serum triglyceride lowered by SHP treatment. And by SHP treatment, pancrease showed a big area with positive immuno-reactivity for presence of insulin with many insulin granules distributed in the ${\beta}$-cells in the islets of Langerhans. Contusions : The SHP treatment showed protective effect on diabetic rat model, and action mechanism of the effect was thought to be concerned with anti-oxidative stress.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.79-88
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• 2004

Gaze detection is to locate the position on a monitor screen where a user is looking by computer vision. Gaze detection systems have numerous fields of application. They are applicable to the man-machine interface for helping the handicapped to use computers and the view control in three dimensional simulation programs. In our work, we implement it with a computer vision system setting a IR-LED based single camera. To detect the gaze position, we locate facial features, which is effectively performed with IR-LED based camera and SVM(Support Vector Machine). When a user gazes at a position of monitor, we can compute the 3D positions of those features based on 3D rotation and translation estimation and affine transform. Finally, the gaze position by the facial movements is computed from the normal vector of the plane determined by those computed 3D positions of features. In addition, we use a trained neural network to detect the gaze position by eye's movement. As experimental results, we can obtain the facial and eye gaze position on a monitor and the gaze position accuracy between the computed positions and the real ones is about 4.8 cm of RMS error.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.378-398
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• 2016

This paper aims to clarify the process of institutionalization of customary land ownership along with the expansion of coffee plantation in Dak Lak Province, Vietnam. Vietnam is the second-largest coffee exporter in the world. Most of the coffee areas are concentrated in Dak Lak-a province of commercial agricultural production. The expansion of coffee plantation in Dak Lak have brought a severe competition of land resources, and resulted in the transition of land ownership scheme from customary commons by ethnic minorities to those of exculsive private assets which is secured by the state. Institutionalization of customary land ownership in Dak Lak, however, was differently happened according to the geography from the center of state power as well as the value of land resources. In this paper, the authors argue that institutionalization of customary land ownership in Dak Lak was a result of compromising between statemaking process in the frontiers and "everyday resistance" of ethnic minorities, comparing 3 geographically different ethnic minorities' communities.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.45-66
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• 2016

Firms can make scale of economy and scope of economy by internalizing and using new advanced technology and knowledge from technology cooperation network, decrease risk and cost with partner firm of technology cooperation network, and increase market advantage of product & strengthen firms' position in the market. Due to the advantages of technology cooperation network, the related studies have focused on the positive effect of technology cooperation network. However, the related studies investigating the relationship between technology cooperation network and firm performance have only examined the role of technology cooperation network. Safeguarding mechanism, relationship learning, and relationship performance are categorized into the process of technology cooperation network, and this categorization is applied as resources, capability, and performance by resource based view. The empirical results are reported as belows. First, relationship specific investment and relationship capital positively affect on relationship learning as capability. Second, information sharing, common information understanding, and relationship specific memory development positively affect on long-term orientation, but information sharing has no impact on efficiency and effectiveness. Third, relationship specific investment positively affects on relationship capital and efficiency and effectiveness have positive effects on long-term orientation. Applying technology cooperation network in asymmetric technology dependency with resource based theory, this study suggested the importance of both safeguarding and relationship learning by investigating the relationship among safeguarding, relationship learning, and relationship performance. And it is worthy that this study investigated how firms' behavior change affects relationship performance in the relationship of technology cooperation partner.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.356-362
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• 2018

Hot pepper is a kind of seasoning vegetables, which is a major item in the Korean vegetable market. Since the use of hot pepper is processed into pepper powder, which is a powder form of dried hot pepper, improvement of quality and productivity of dried hot pepper is important. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to suggest proper drying method by comparing the changes of hot pepper powder ingredients considering production cost according to the drying method. As a drying method, we used sun drying and heat drying which are widely used in practice. We also compared the productivity and quality of dried hot pepper by applying a dehumidifying drying method using a dehumidifier. Drying rate of hot pepper was highest of 85.1% at heat drying. Accordingly moisture content of hot pepper powder was lowest of 13.5% at heat drying. The American Spice Trade Association (ASTA) color value, which influenced the coloring of red pepper, showed higher in heat drying and dehumidified drying treatment than the sun drying treatment. The content of capsaicinoids was higher at sun drying treatment than that of at both heat drying and dehumidified drying treatments. The content of sugar was higher at heat drying and dehumidified drying treatment where drying time was relatively short than that of sun drying treatment. Also, there was no significant difference in sugar content between the two treatments. The production cost of dried hot pepper with dehumidified drying was 9.9% more efficient than heat drying. Through this study, it was found that heat and dehumidified drying method were effective in increasing sugar content and coloring of hot pepper powder. In order to improve the capsaicinoid content of red pepper, it is considered that appropriate drying temperature and drying time should be added in the process of heat drying and dehumidified drying.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.31-42
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• 2013

This research sheds light on the non-intrusive traits of mobile devices (Electronic Guidebook, Rememberer, I-Guides and eXspot) deployed in Exploratorium for enhancing visitor experience via case studies. In an interactive exhibition environment, non-intrusiveness was the key to supporting the immersive experience and meaning-making for visitors. The usability of hand-held devices directly impacted on the non-intrusiveness, thereby reshaping the form-factors of mobile devices. The change in from-factor has also minimized the functions of devices as the remember of museum experience. Furthermore, the role of mobile devices, which turned from a supposed multi-media guide to a mere rememberer, made them virtually impossible for realizing the "seamless visiting model" originally planned. An array of projects carried out in Exploration have achieved some degree of success such as increasing viewing time as well as reinforcing post-visit activities. However, taken from musicological perspective, increase in viewing time is by all means insufficient to be taken as proof since it is assumed to be achieved by photo-taking (i.e. MyExploratorium) rather than by interacting between visitors and exhibits. This issue --increased viewing time -- needs to be analyzed in depth. All in all, mobile devices used in Exploratorium can be defined as a learning tool/educational supporting medium based on personalization for (visitors') optimizing extended museum experience.

• Proceedings of the Speleological Society Conference
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• 1994.05a
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• pp.106-110
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• 1994

$\bigcirc$ 동굴생물은 식물과 동물, 미생물로 크게 구분되지만 태양광선이 완전히 차단된 동굴내 환경에서는 동굴 동물들이 주종을 이루고 있다. $\bigcirc$ 동굴내의 동물에 관한 연구는 1966년 고씨동굴, 용담굴을 시발로 고수굴, 천동굴, 노동굴, 백룡굴, 대이굴, 환선굴 등 강원도내에 분포하는 동굴 중 약 30%정도는 동물을 포함한 생물상이 조사되었다. $\bigcirc$ 강원도의 동굴동물로서 확인된 것온 9종 30목141종이며 강별로는 곤충강이 9목 50종 주형강이 4목 49종 갑각강이 6목 18종의 순으로 우세하고 목별로는 거미목이 15과 39종, 톡토기목이 7과 20종, 딱정벌레목이 8과 15종으로 우세한 편이다 (남, 1987). $\bigcirc$ 동굴생물에 관한 연구는 육상생태계와 격리된 환경에서 생리, 생태적 적응을 통한 종의 분화나 유전, 진화문제를 추구하며 지하생태계와 육상생태계의 생물적인 유연관계 규명에 중요한 분야로 인정되며 아울러 독특한 특성을 지닌 동굴생물의 보존을 위한 방안과 노력이 일부동굴의 개방 및 개발에 앞서 더욱 구체적으로 모색되고 증대되어야 한다. $\bigcirc$ 동굴환경의 주요 특성은 첫째 햇빛이 차단되어 암흑상태이며, 둘째 내부습도가 높고 기온이나 수온의 연중변화가 심하지 않고, 셋째 먹이연쇄에 필수적인 영양공급원이 제한되어 있다. 따라서 광합성작용으로 성장하는 녹색식물은 태양광선이 유입되는 곳이나 인공조명시설 지역을 제외한 곳에서는 서식이 불가능하고 대형동물이나 초식동물은 생존이 어렵다. $\bigcirc$ 동굴내에는 환경에 적응하는 종들만이 서식할 수 있고 이들을 생태적 특성에 따라 세가지로 구분 할 수 있다. 환경적응 요인으로는 광도, 습도, 온도 영양공급원과 섭식장소, 수중생물의 경우는 특히 수온, 수량 영양원등이다.(중략)다. 본 연구의 접근방법으로는 ASRS의 개념적인 Reference Model을 수립하고 이 Reference Model에 대한 Formal Model로 DEVS(Discrete Event System Specification)을 이용하여 시스템을 Modeling하였다. 이의 Computer Simulation을 위하여 DEVS형식론 환경에서의 Simulation Language인 DEVSim ++ⓒ를 이용하여 시스템을 구현하였다.. 실형 결과로는 먼저 선형 상미분방정식의 예로 mass-damper-spring system, 비선형 상미분방정식의 예로는 van der Pol 방정식, 연립 상미분방정식의 예로는 mixing tank problem 등을 보였으며, 그의 공학에서 일어나는 여러 가지 문제들도 다루었다.화물에 대한 방어력이 증가되어 나타난 결과로 여겨지며, 또한 혈청중의 ALT, ALP 및 LDH활성을 유의성있게 감소시키므로서 감잎 phenolic compounds가 에탄올에 의한 간세포 손상에 대한 해독 및 보호작용이 있는 것으로 사료된다.반적으로 홍삼 제조시 내공의 발생은 제조공정에서 나타나는 경우가 많으며, 내백의 경우는 홍삼으로 가공되면서 발생하는 경우가 있고, 인삼이 성장될 때 부분적인 영양상태의 불충분이나 기후 등에 따른 영향을 받을 수 있기 때문에 앞으로 이에 대한 많은 연구가 이루어져야할 것으로 판단된다.태에도 불구하고 [-wh]의미의 겹의문사는 병렬적 관계의 합성어가 아니라 내부구조를 지니지 않은 단순한 단어(minimal $X^{0}$ elements)로 가정한다. 즉, [+wh] 의미의 겹의문사는 동일한 구성요 소를 지닌 병렬적 합성어([$[W1]_{XO-}$ $[W1]_{XO}$ ]$_{XO}$)로 그리고 [-wh] 의미의 겹의문사는 중복된 발은을 지닌 한 단어로 ([W]$_{XO}$

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.148-157
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• 2012

Recently, people are getting more interested in green energy resource and environment friendly energy resource due to the lack of energy and global warming. This study produced a solar energy resource map using LiDAR(Light Detection And Ranging) data to check if it is utilized for spatial information technology and solar energy sectors that people pay more attentions to as new recycling energy. This study assigned Ulleungdo(Island) located in Gyeongsangbuk-do as a target area. This study created the contour line with 1 meter by newly photographing LiDAR and data processing. And using this contour line, this study built DEM(Digital Elevation Model) data with 1 meter. The incidence range depending on the altitude and azimuth of sun using DEM data is used to evaluate solar energy resource. This is expected to suggest an accurate method to evaluate more reliable and more precise information of new recycling energy resource by producing solar energy resource map based on accurate and precise spatial resolution data with 1 meter level.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2016

This study evaluated a digital locking device design using detection distance of 13.4mm of a human body sensing type magnetic field coil. In contrast to digital locking devices that are used nowadays, the existing serial number entering buttons, lighting, number cover, corresponding pcb, exterior case, and data delivery cables have been deleted and are only composed of control ON/OFF power switches and emergency terminals. When the magnetic field coil substrates installed inside the inner case detects the electric resistance delivered from the opposite side of the 12mm interval exterior contacting the glass body part, the corresponding induced current flows. At this time, the magnetic field coil takes the role as a sensor when coil frequency of the circular coil is transformed. The magnetic coil as a sensor detects a change in the oscillation frequency output before and after the body is detected. This is then amplified to larger than 2,000%, transformed into digital signals, and delivered to exclusive software to compare and search for embedded data. The detection time followed by the touch area of the body standard to a $12.8{\emptyset}$ magnetic field coil was 30% contrast at 0.08sec and 80% contrast at 0.03sec, in which the detection distance was 13.4mm, showing the best level.