• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.465-476
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• 2011

In current endodontic practice, introduction of operating microscope, ultrasonic instruments, and microinstruments has induced a big change in the field of surgical retreatment. In this study, we aimed to offer key steps of endodontic microsurgery procedure compared with traditional root-end surgery, and to evaluate factors influencing success and failure based on published articles. Endodontic microsurgery is a surgical procedure performed with the aid of a microscope, ultrasonic instruments and modern microsurgical instruments. The microscope provides magnification and illumination - essential for identifying minute details of the apical anatomy. Ultrasonic instruments facilitate the precise root-end preparation that is within the anatomical space of the canal. Modern endodontics can therefore be performed with precision and predictability, thus eliminating the disadvantages inherent in traditional periapical surgery such as large osteotomy, beveled apicoectomy, inaccurate root-end preparation and the inability to observe isthmus. Factors influencing the outcomes of endodontic microsurgery may be diverse, but standardization of procedures can minimize its range. Among patient and tooth-related factors, periodontal status and tooth position are known to be prognostic, but there are only few articles concerning this matter. High-evidence randomized clinical trials or prospective cohort studies are needed to confirm these findings.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.4177-4185
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• 2012

LEDs are becoming the most suitable candidate replacing traditional fluorescent lamps because of its eco-friendly characteristics. LEDs are also actively used to design green building system and to make outdoor billboard as a back-light system due to its high energy efficiency. In this paper, we have developed AC direct driver for $12{\times}12$ FLB(flexible LED board) and LED flat light without SMPS. It has LID-PC-R101B driver IC that can support the high power factor and be composed of LED switching circuit in group. Also, an elaborate system designs can guarantee a high luminous efficiency, a high reliability and a low power consumption. The proposed FLB has the ultra slim shape of $450{\times}450$ mm, width of 4 mm and weight of 280 g. In the end, we have developed a prototype of FLB for billboard and flat light for room lighting with AC direct driver iposrder to verify the performance of the proposed system.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.368-374
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• 2017

In this Paper, we developed a low power type LED security light using LED lighting that substitutes a 220[V] commercial power source for a solar cell module instead of a halogen or a sodium lamp. in addition, a PWM type drive control circuit is designed to minimize the heat generation problem and the drive current of the LED drive controller. in developed system, The light efficiency measurement value is 93.6[lm/W], and a high precision temperature sensor is used inside the controller to control the heat generation of the LED lamp. In order to eliminate the high heat generated from the LED lamp, it is designed to disperse quickly into the atmosphere through the metal insertion type heat sink. The heat control range of LED lighting was $50-55[^{\circ}C]$. The luminous flux and the lighting speed of the LED security lamp were 0.5[s], and the beam diffusion angle of the LED lamp was about $110[^{\circ}C]$ by the light distribution curve based on the height of 6[m].

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.161-177
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• 2001

Objective : We have studied the part, definition, diagnostic generaliztion and pathological viewpoint of Qi mouth and Renying by refering literatures Methods : I refered to records from anciant to modern. The results are followings : 1. Qi mouth and Renying is ancient diagnostic method and the origin of diagnostic method through the pulsation of radial artery. And Qi mouth is recognized as the right and left Qi mouth and Renying is located on pulsation points of both common carotid arteries. 2. The yin of five viscera, nutritional blood and viscous liquid are diagnosed by Qi mouth which is inclued lung meridian. And the yang of six organs, guarding Qi and the rise and fall of stomach energy are diagnosed by Renying which is inclued stomach meridian. 3. It is possible that the position, process and transformational condition of disease are decided by comparing and examining Qi mouth and Renying.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.02a
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• pp.432-435
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• 2009

This paper proposes a hand posture recognition with pattern-matching method, embedding a simple paradigm using an Infrared sensor array. Our pattern-matching based hand posture recognition is specification supports fun and the user experience when communicating between humans and telecommunication devices, including robots. Our non-contact type input device (IR-Sensor Array) transmits commands to control mobile robots. It can also control Google Earth’s map searching programs, and other applications.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.24
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• pp.1-31
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• 2010

This article aims to identify organizational factors that influence the performance of implementation of the U.S. Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) and to investigate the strength and direction of their effects. Explanatory variables include administrative resources, organizational culture, litigation cost, and the complexity of FOIA requests. The study will analyze quantitative secondary data from official statistics of federal agencies and the 2006 Federal Human Capital Survey as well as qualitative data from semi-structured interviews of FOIA officers. The results of statistical analyses are as follows : FOIA funding significantly affects median processing time and number of requests pending. There is a significant relationship between bureaucratic culture and number of requests pending, but not between bureaucratic culture and number of requests pending. There exists a significant relationship between the cost of FOIA litigation to federal agencies and the performance of FOIA implementation. There exists a significant relationship between the complexity of FOIA requests and the performance of FOIA implementation. This study also has important implication in South Korea, which has been under a sharp confrontation with North Korea for more than 50 years. As illustrated by the conflict between people's right to know and national security during the investigation of recent Sinking of the ROKS Cheonan, efforts should be made to prepare legal and institutional mechanism for freedom of information policy which can maintain a balance between conflicting values as well as efficient information disclosure in Korea.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.49
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• pp.59-93
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• 2017

This paper provides an in-depth examination of the relationship between cinema and Giorgio Agamben's aesthetics and philosophy. Intersecting Agamben's key concepts including gesture, mediality, biopolitics, historicity, and profanation with historical and aesthetic dimensions of cinema, I argue for his ambivalent view on cinema and visual media. On the one hand, Agamben linked cinema and visual media to his discussion on biopolitics and spectacle as he considered them as apparatus for capturing and controlling gestures. On the other hand, he also argued that cinema could restore the image with capacity to preserve and recuperate gestures based on his consideration of montage as cinema's key aesthetic and technical component (an operation of profanation) and his Benjaminian thought on the ways in which montage suspended linear flow of images and activated an alternative memory of them. Drawing on history of cinema and optical devices in the 19th and early 20th centuries as well as examples of found footages of filmmaking predicated upon stoppage and repetition of images, I argue that Agamben's concept of potentialities can be extended into his thought on cinema and visual media apparatuses in general.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.40-44
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• 2002

A prototype of closed-type transplant production system(CTTPS) with fully environmental control was developed to produce massively quality transplants. Four photosynthetic photon flux(PPF) levels of 200,300,400 and 500$\mu$mol . m$^{-2}$ .s$^{-1}$ , four photoperiod levels of 1816 h,12/12h, 9/15 h and 6/18 h were provided to analyze the growth and development of cucumber plug seedlings(Cucumis sativus L., cv. Kyuewosalichungiang) as affected by PPF and photoperiod in a CTTPS. Effect of photoperiod on the growth and development of cucumber plug seedlings produced in a CTTPS was higher than PPF, Stem diameters dry weight of shoot and roots number of leaves, leaf with and length, and SPAD value of cucumber plug seedlings produced in a CTTPS were significantly high as compared to the control. But stem length of plug seedlings produced in a CTTPS was shorter than those of the control. Growth characteristics of cucumber plug seedlings raised at photoperiod of 6/18 h and PPF of 200$\mu$mol . m$^{-2}$ .s$^{-1}$ were similar to the those of the control. These results suggest that cucumber quality transplant can be produced at relatively short photoperiod and low PPF, It means that the electric energy consumed for the production of cucumber plug seedlings in a CTTPS can be saved.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.201-208
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• 2002

The measurement parameter of QiguㆍInyoung pulse diagnosis distinguishes the excess, deficiency and quick-temper of pulse through relative comparison of Qigu and Inyoung. We have estimated the relationship between measurement of QiguㆍInyoung pulse wave detection system and measurement of manual pulse diagnosis by means of quantifying pulse peak and Inyoung/Qigu index. The results can be summarized as follows : When standardizing manual pulse diagnosis measurement was standardized, Inyoung index of machinery measurement was more significantly correlative with the index of manual pulse diagnosis than Qigu index of machinery measurement. The ratio of Inyoung/Qigu magnitude with machinery measurement was doser to manual pulse diagnosis than that of Qigu and Inyoung pulse magnitude measured separately. A linear proportion relationship was found between measurement of QiguㆍInyoung pulse wave detection system and measurement of manual pulse diagnosis. It was necessary to adjust the output signal of pulse in order to estimate the exact relationship between measurement of QiguㆍInyoung pulse wave detection system and measurement of manual pulse diagnosis.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.1433-1439
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• 2012

This paper introduces a sensor system based on indoor locations in order to implement the Building Energy Management System. This system consists of a thermopile sensor and an ultrasonic sensor. The sensor module is rotated by $360^{\circ}$ and yawed up-and-down by two electric motors. Therefore, it can simultaneously detect the number and location of the inhabitants in the room. It uses wireless technology to communicate with the building manager or the smart-home server, and it can save electric energy by controlling the lighting system or heating/air conditioning equipment automatically. We also demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed system by applying it to a real environment.