• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.83-90
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• 2012

This study was undertaken to analyze 1) the growth characteristics for the optimal planting density and 2) reached ages of sap tapping for the planting timing of Acer okamotoanum in natural and plantation stand. Soil in natural stand was significantly more fertile than that of plantation stand. Early growth of A. okamotoanum in plantation stand was affected by planting density. Results showed that there was a positive relationship between the DBH and crown width in both natural and plantation stands. Reached ages by DBH were no significant difference in natural stands. Reached ages on DBH 10 cm were approximately 19 and 9 in natural and plantation stands, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.110 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2021

In this study, the relationships between bamboo expansion and the nutrient characteristics of bamboo biomass, the forest floor, and mineral soil (at 30-cm depth) were determined in unfertilized expansion sites and fertilized plantations of Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis in Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do. Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in bamboo components (culm, branches, and foliage) were significantly higher in the plantation site than those in the expansion site (P < 0.05). However, the nutrient concentration of the forest floor did not differ significantly between the plantation and expansion sites. Mean organic carbon concentration at 0-30-cm soil depth was significantly higher in the plantation site (30.80 g kg-1) than that in the expansion site (15.64 g kg-1). In addition, total nitrogen, phosphorus, and exchangeable K+ at 0-30-cm soil depth were significantly higher in the plantation site than those in the expansion site. These results indicate that bamboo can spread to areas with low-nutrient concentrations in adjacent forests.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.377-382
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• 2000

Picea abies plantation in Mt. Eifel, Germany was studied phytosociologically, with special reference to species composition, structure, ecology and dormancy form, comparing to those of Fagus sylvastica population that once dominated the P. abies plantation. Thirteen plant species appeared on average. According to their ecological distribution, they were classified into three groups, F sylvastica forests, natural coniferous forests and bare-land after clear-cutting. In Luzulo-Fagetum population, Luzula luzuloides was the dominated species while in P. abies plantation was dominated by Avenella flesuosa. In assessment of herbaceous plants by indicator species of Ellenberg, increasing number of shade-intolerant species and acid-tolerant species occurred. In analysis of plant dormancy form, species of Chamaephytes, Phanerophytes and Hemikryptophytes increased, while that of Geophytes decreased. As a result, we found P. abies plantation unstable in ecological aspects.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.136-144
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• 2007

The objectives of this study were to compare nutrient input by throughfall, stemflow and litterfall and concentration of nutrient in soil water between deciduous forest stand and Larix kaempferi plantation at Mt. Joongwang, Pyongchang-gun, Gangwon-do. The amount of rainfall interception during study period in deciduous forest stand and L. kaempferi plantation was 12% and 36%, respectively. Concentrations of cation ($Na^+$, $Mg^{2+}$, $K^+$ and $Ca^{2+}$) in throughfall were not different, while concentration of $Cl^-$ in stemflow was higher in L. kaempferi plantation. The results indicated that annual nutrient inputs by rainfall with the exception of $Cl^-$ were significantly greater in deciduous forest stand. In soil water, concentrations of anion ($Cl^-$, $NO_3{^-}$ and $SO{_4}^{2-}$) in A-layer, and $Ca^{2+}$ and $Cl^-$ in B-layer were higher in L. kaempferi plantation. Litterfall input during study period was $2,589kg\;ha^{-1}$ in deciduous forest stand and $1,046kg\;ha^{-1}$ in L. kaempferi plantation. Concentration of N was higher in L. kaempferi plantation, while N input from litterfall was greater in the deciduous forest stand ($36.81kg\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$) than L. kaempferi plantation ($16.16kg\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$). $Na^+$, $Mg^{2+}$, $K^+$ and $Ca^{2+}$ in litterfall collected from deciduous forest stand were found to be higher than those from the L. kaempferi plantation. Also, input of those were greater in deciduous forest stand. Thus, total nutrient input by throughfall, stemflow and litterfall was greater in deciduous forest stand than L. kaempferi plantation, significantly.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.51-59
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• 2011

This study was conducted to analysis the growth characteristics and the diameter at breast height (10 cm) reached ages in natural stand and platation for the optimal planting density and planting timing of Acer mono for. rubripes. There was high correlation between the DBH and crown diameter (E-W: r=0.82, S-N: r=0.76) in natural stand, and between the DBH and crown diameter (E-W: r=0.76, S-N: r=0.90) in plantation. In natural stand, average reached age on DBH 10 cm was $21.1{\pm}7.0$, and was $9.2{\pm}1.3$ in plantation. Therefore, the collectable timing of sap in artificial planting short approximately 2.3 times over the natural regeneration.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.3
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• pp.375-382
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to investigate suitable plantation site for planted Chamaecyparis obtusa seedlings from the analysis of regional early growth performances. Two years old C. obtusa seedlings were planted with the density of $3,900seedlings{\cdot}ha^{-1}$ in late March, 2011 at Haeman and Jangseong, Jeollanamdo. In each study site, three plots ($400m^2$ per plot) were established and root collar diameter (mm) and tree height (cm) of each C. obtusa were measured in April, 2011 and October from 2011 to 2013. We also analyzed soil physical and chemical properties of sites and compartmental nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of C. obtusa. Although the concentrations of soil nitrogen, organic matter, and C.E.C. at Haenam site were higher than those at Jangseong site, early growth performances of planted C. obtusa at Jangseong site were significantly better than those at Haenam site. The reasons for these results were probably related to deep available soil depth at Jangseong site and relatively low annual precipitation and sea wind at Haenam site, which was adjacent to the sea. The compartmental nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of C. obtusa was in the order of needles > current twigs > fine root > stem and branches root above 2 mm in diameter. The phosphorus concentration of needles at Haenam site was significantly higher than that at Jangseong site. The results of this study might be useful for the selection of suitable plantation site for C. obtusa.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.191-200
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• 2013

This study was conducted to examine the geographic variation of bud phenology of Zelkova serrata provenances. Data were collected from Gangneung, Yilmsil, Hwaseong and Jinju plantations which were parts of the 6 provenance trials established by Korea Forest Research Institute in 2009. The 16 provenances were included in these trials. The starting date of bud burst and finishing date of leaf expansion were investigated from April to May every other day. The four geographic factors and fifteen climatic factors of the test sites and provenances were considered in this study. Canonical correlation analysis was conducted to examine the major factors affecting the bud phenology between test sites and provenances. The study results suggested that the major factors affecting the timing of bud burst were the differences of extremely high temperature (March-October), annual mean temperature, mean temperature (March-October), extremely high temperature (July-August) and mean humidity (June-October) between test site and provenance. The provenances with lower mean or high temperature than those of plantation showed the earlier bud burst and leaf expansion. It showed a typical north-south or low-high temperature cline. Finally, we discussed the implication of the tree breeding program of Z. serrata based on these results.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.229-235
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the climatic factors affecting bud phenology of Pinus densiflora provenances. Data were collected from Jungseon, Chungju and Jeju plantations which were parts of the 11 provenance trials established by Korea Forest Research Institute in 1996. The 36 provenances were included in this trial ($33^{\circ}30^{\prime}{\sim}38^{\circ}08^{\prime}$ in latitude and $126^{\circ}30^{\prime}{\sim}129^{\circ}20^{\prime}$ in longitude). The bud swelling date and bud burst date of the provenances were investigated from March to May in 2004 in two-day interval. The four geographic factors and fifteen climatic factors of the test sites and provenances were considered in this study. Canonical correlation analysis was conducted to examine the major factors affecting the bud phenology. Our results suggested that the major factors affecting the timing of bud swelling and burst are the differences in latitude, longitude, extremely low temperature (during December-February), extremely high temperature (during November-February) and annual mean growing days between test plantation and provenance. The provenances with lower winter temperature than that of plantation showed the faster bud swelling and bud burst. Based on these results, the implication on the seed transfer of P. densiflora was discussed.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.309-315
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• 2004

To estimate planting results of deciduous broad-leaved species, forest structure and radial growth of the trees were investigated and compared by species and studied sites. Plantation forest studied on Juglans mandshurica, was located at Jawoon-ni Nae-myeun, Hongcheon-gun and natural forest studied on Juglans mandshurica, was located at Jangjeon-ni Jinbu-myeun, Pyeungchang-gun. In 9 years after planting, differences of annual diameter increment among three stand origins were significant. The highest mean annual diameter increments of J. mandshurica, 7.31mm/year was measured in natural seedlings, and followed by sprouting trees 6.93mm/year. The lowest values, 5.28mm/year did in planting trees. Early radial growth of planting J. mandshurica was measured lower than that of sprouting or natural seedlings. These facts means that planting J. mandshurica is not proper regeneration methods. Other regeneration methods of J mondshurica forest, by sproutings, direct seeding and natural seeding, might be researched and recommended.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.88 no.2
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• pp.229-239
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• 1999

To get ecological information necessary for the prediction on succession and the silvicultural control of the black locust(R. pseudoacacia) plantation, classification of vegetation unit. competition of major species, and succession were analyzed. The results were as follows. Vegetation units classified in R. pseudoacacia forest were Quercus variabilis community, Persicaria perfoliata community, Styrax japonica community, Acalypha australis community, Typical community. Species diversity indices showed significant difference among the vegetation units. As a result of stand ordination by CCA method, arrangement of stands on Axis I was correlated significantly with altitude, sand, silt and available phosphorus contents, and that on Axis II was with total nitrogen, exchangeable calcium and kalium contents. It was judged that R. pseudoacacia plantation would be replaced by the mixed forest including Quercus spp., Acer spp., and Prunus spp. etc., native to Korea with the progression of succession as the results of analyses on competition of major species and successional tendency in R. pseudoacacia plantation.