• Title/Summary/Keyword: 조도

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Processing Sliding Window Multi-Joins using a Graph-Based Method over Data Streams (데이터 스트림에서 그래프 기반 기법을 이용한 슬라이딩 윈도우 다중 조인 처리)

  • Zhang, Liang;Ge, Jun-Wei;Kim, Gyoung-Bae;Lee, Soon-Jo;Bae, Hae-Young;You, Byeong-Seob
    • Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.25-34
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    • 2007
  • Existing approaches that select an order for the join of three or more data streams have always used the simple heuristics. For their disadvantage - only one factor is considered and that is join selectivity or arrival rate, these methods lead to poor performance and inefficiency In some applications. The graph-based sliding window multi -join algorithm with optimal join sequence is proposed in this paper. In this method, sliding window join graph is set up primarily, in which a vertex represents a join operator and an edge indicates the join relationship among sliding windows, also the vertex weight and the edge weight represent the cost of join and the reciprocity of join operators respectively. Then the optimal join order can be found in the graph by using improved MVP algorithm. The final result can be produced by executing the join plan with the nested loop join procedure, The advantages of our algorithm are proved by the performance comparison with existing join algorithms.

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An Energy-Efficient In-Network Join Query Processing using Synopsis and Encoding in Sensor Network (센서 네트워크에서 시놉시스와 인코딩을 이용한 에너지 효율적인 인-네트워크 조인 질의 처리)

  • Yeo, Myung-Ho;Jang, Yong-Jin;Kim, Hyun-Ju;Yoo, Jae-Soo
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.126-134
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    • 2011
  • Recently, many researchers are interested in using join queries to correlate sensor readings stored in different regions. In the conventional algorithm, the preliminary join coordinator collects the synopsis from sensor nodes and determines a set of sensor readings that are required for processing the join query. Then, the base station collects only a part of sensor readings instead of whole readings and performs the final join process. However, it has a problem that incurs communication overhead for processing the preliminary join. In this paper, we propose a novel energy-efficient in-network join scheme that solves such a problem. The proposed scheme determines a preliminary join coordinator located to minimize the communication cost for the preliminary join. The coordinator prunes data that do not contribute to the join result and performs the compression of sensor readings in the early stage of the join processing. Therefore, the base station just collects a part of compressed sensor readings with the decompression table and determines the join result from them. In the result, the proposed scheme reduces communication costs for the preliminary join processing and prolongs the network lifetime.

Removal Characteristic of Nitrogenous Compounds According to the Combination of Feeding Ratio between the Supernatant of Precipitation Tank and Raw Domestic Wastewater (침전조 상등액과 유입하수의 유량대비에 따른 하수 내 질소 화합물 제거특성)

  • Park, Sang Min;Park, Jin Hee
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.128-135
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    • 2005
  • This study was done to improve the effectiveness of nitrification and denitrification using the aeration-anoxic combination method using CFSTR(continuous-flow stirred-tank reactor) attached with an anoxic reactor filled with a media. In order to calculate the concentration of nitric acid within the aeration tank proportional to the anoxic rate within the reactor, supernatant within the inflow and precipitation tanks were influxed into the anoxic reactor. The rate of nitrogen removal was calculated using the concentration of inflow and flow of returned supernatant. From the results of this experiment, the carbon source needed in the anoxic reactor came from the inflow so that anoxification was achieved completely using the inflow source without the introduction of an external carbon source. However, as the ratio of nitric acid becomes large in inflow and nitric acid flow, the carbon source within the input source decreases so that the concentration of carbon source is important.

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Effects of Varietal Variation in Barley on ${\beta}-Glucan$ and Malting Quality Characteristics (보리의 품종적 변이가 ${\beta}-Glucan$ 및 맥아의 품질에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Young-Tack;Lee, Choon-Ki
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.172-177
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    • 1994
  • This study was conducted to evaluate malt quality characteristics of barley cultivars(2- and 6-rowed barley) grown in Korea. Changes in ${\beta}-glucan$ content during malting process were also investigated. Two-rowed varieties of barley exhibited considerably higher values in test weight(TW), 1,000 kernel weight (1,000 KW), and % plumpness than six-rowed barley varieties, which obviously influenced the level of malt extract. Six-rowed barley samples had slightly higher levels of ${\beta}-glucan$ content than two-rowed ones. There were varietal differences in malt quality characteristics and degree of malt modification. During malting process, ${\beta}-glucan$ content was significantly reduced and the rate of the ${\beta}-glucan$ degradation was dependent on the variety. Total ${\beta}-glucan$ content present in raw barley tended to affect wort viscosity. A high correlationship was observed between ${\beta}-glucan$ content in malt and wort viscosity, suggesting that malt ${\beta}-glucan$ content was highly associated with malt quality.

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Reflector Design to Improve the Uniformity of an Irradiated Area Using a Xenon Flash Lamp (제논 플래시 램프 사용 시 조사 영역 균일도 개선을 위한 반사경 설계)

  • Kim, Seo-Young;Lee, Han-Yul;Jun, Won-Kyoun;Kang, Dong-Hwa;Jo, Ye-Ji;Jung, Mee-Suk
    • Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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    • v.30 no.5
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    • pp.197-203
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    • 2019
  • In this paper, we studied a reflector design that can improve the illuminance uniformity when using a xenon flash lamp in the photonic sintering process. To achieve complete sintering of substrates in the irradiated area, the light efficiency and illuminance uniformity were set to target performance. Existing elliptical reflectors or parabolic reflectors make it easy to satisfy the target light efficiency, but have difficulty satisfying the illuminance uniformity. In this paper, a twin-concave feature has been added to the center of the parabolic reflector to satisfy the illuminance uniformity. It was confirmed that the illuminance uniformity of the parabolic reflector with a twin-concave feature was improved, compared to that of the traditional reflector.

Hydraulic Experiment on Roughness Coefficient of PE pipe (폴리에틸렌관의 조도계수에 관한 수리모형실험)

  • Dongwoo Ko;Byeong Wook Lee;Jae-Seon Yoon;Hyun-Gu Song
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2023.05a
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    • pp.288-288
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    • 2023
  • 도로, 철도 등의 횡단통로, 오폐수관로, 지하배수관 등 연약지반에서 상재하중과 부등침하에 의한 파괴 위험을 줄이기 위해 구조적인 안전성과 내구성이 개선된 다양한 관로들이 활용되고 있다. 관은 매설특성에 따라 콘크리트관, 도관, 합성수지관, 덕타일 주철관, 파형강관, 유리섬유 강화 플라스틱과 폴리에스테르수지 콘크리트관 등의 종류로 구분된다(환경부, 2017). 수리설계 시 이러한 관의 단면 규모 결정 및 흐름 특성을 파악하기 위해 관수로 유량측정에 이용되는 Manning의 경험식을 이용하고 있으며, 관로의 주요 재질에 따른 다양한 조도계수가 제시되어 있다. 새로운 재질을 이용하여 제작된 관은 수리실험을 통해 조도계수를 결정하는 것이 바람직하지만, 조도계수 실험은 대규모의 실험시설과 유량공급이 요구되기 때문에 여러 한계가 있다. PE관의 경우, 미국의 ASTM 표준에 의해 저밀도 폴리에틸렌(LDPE), 선형 저밀도 폴리에틸렌(LLDPE), 고밀도 폴리에틸렌(HDPE) 등으로 분류되는데 본 연구에서는 HDPE 재질의 서로 직경이 다른 다중벽관 PE관을 대상으로 조도계수를 결정하기 위한 현장 실규모 수리실험을 수행하였다. 본 실험에서는 식생, 수로의 불규칙성, 수로노선, 침전과 세굴, 장애물, 계절적 변화, 부유물질과 소류사는 무시되며 표면조도, 관의 크기와 형상, 수위와 유량이 조도계수에 영향을 미치는 주요 인자라고 할 수 있다. 수리실험은 실물모형(Prototype)으로 한국농어촌공사 농어촌연구원의 대형수리모형실험장에서 수행되었으며. 길이 24 m, 직경 150 mm의 PE 관은 고정식 개수로, 직경 800 mm의 관은 대형유사순환수로에 각각 설치되었다. 관로의 전면에 차폐막을 설치하여 상류부 수위를 안정시킨 상태에서 실험을 수행하였고, 차폐막으로부터 하류방향으로 약 7 m(측정기준지점), 11 m, 13 m, 15 m, 17 m 떨어진 곳에서 각각 수위와 유속을 측정하였다. 실험 결과, φ150관은 직경대비 수심이 클수록 조도계수가 감소하는 경향이 나타났고, φ800관은 직경대비 수심의 변화에 따른 조도계수의 경향이 크게 드러나지 않았다. 결론적으로 PE관의 조도계수는 수심별로 변화하는 것으로 나타났으며, 특정 수심을 지나면 조도계수가 다시 감소할 것으로 판단된다.

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Feed Value of Pearl Millet [Pennisetum americanum(L.) Leeke] Grown as a New Forage Crop (진주조의 사료적 가치)

  • Park, Keun-Yong;Choi, Byung-Han;Kang, Young-Kil;Moon, Hyeon-Gui;Park, Rae-Kyeong
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.33 no.1
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    • pp.48-53
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    • 1988
  • Pearl millet has been detected as a promising new forage crop of excellent quality and productivity since 1985. Its green fodder yields were 10.7 to 12.8 tons per hectare in average of 26 accessions in Suwon, 1985. The yield level was much higher than those of Italian and pro so millets and com. Com was better than Italian and proso millets, and proso millet was better than Italian millet for a green fodder crop. Suwon 1 pearl millet hybrid was the best of the 13 hybrids examined in Suwon, 1986 being 149 tons per hectare of three times cut green fodder yields. The pearl millet hybrid was higher in green fodder yield than com and sorghum/sudan grass hybrids. Leaf area index was 32.4 for the three times cut pearl millet, while 5.8 for the one time cut corn, and 20.8 for the three times cut sorghum/sudan grass. Crude protein content was 16.3 percent for pearl millet being six to five percent higher than corn and sorghum/sudan grass, 11.8 percent for the one time cut at maturity and 16.1 percent for four times cut being higher than corn and sorghum/sudan grass. Crude fat content was 3. percent for pear 1 millet grain being some what higher than corn and sorghum/sudan grass and 1.3-1.4 percent for green fodder crop. Crude fiber content in grain was 1.9 percent for pearl millet 2.6 percent for corn, and 4.3 percent for sorghum/sudan grass. Crude fiber content in pearl millet plant was 24.4 to 26.8 percent, Crude ash content was 2.4 percent in grain and 10.8 to 11.6 percent in the plants of pearl millet hybrid. In vitro digestibility of grain was 93.7 percent for pearl millet, 95.4 percent for corn, and 55.8 percent for sorghum/sudan grass. The digestibility of whole plant was 57.6 to 63.4 percent for pearl millet, 46.3 percent for corn, and 47.3 to 57.6 percent for sorghum/sudan grass. Heavier nitrogen fertilizer applications increased green fodder yields, protein content and digestibility, but reduced fat and ash content of pearl millet inbred line T 186.

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Correlation between the Illuminance and the Flowering and Leaf Growth of Trees at Night - In Case of Downtown from Jamsil Station to Olympic Park, Seoul - (도심 내 야간의 조도와 봄철 수목 개화 및 잎 생장 간 상관관계 - 서울 잠실역에서 올림픽공원 구간을 대상으로 -)

  • Han, Bong-Ho;Kim, Jong-Yup;Kwak, Jeong-In;Choi, Tae-Young
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.29 no.3
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    • pp.441-453
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    • 2015
  • In this paper, according to the illuminance at night with artificial lighting in downtown Seoul, trees flowering and leaf growth rate was performed as a case study to examine whether there is a difference. The illuminance was measured at 78 points on a total of 26 points, the range of illuminance were divided into three groups considering land use, Group A (plots 1-7) were 4.90 ~ 112.50 lx, Group B (plots 8 to 18) were 0.45 ~ 42.40 lx, group C (plots 19 to 26) were 0.28 ~ 22.10 lx. According to the One-way ANOVA on illuminance difference, the survey groups were classified into three groups. To survey the ratio of the flowering Prunus yedoensis and Rhododendron spp. and to survey the ratio of leaf growth Zelkova serrata, Ginkgo biloba, and Acer palmatum each 30 individuals were investigated. Rhododendron spp. to study the ratio of the flowering and Acer palmatum to study the ratio of leaf growth were determined to be useful as indicator woody species according to the correlation. The higher illuminance of night lighting is, the faster flowering and leaf growth of trees will be by correlation between the mean illuminance of each group and the flowering and leaf growth of trees. In the future, should be made a more detailed study of how much affect to the trees with some impact on the level of light pollution at night lighting.

Roughness Coefficients Evaluation of the Korean Riparian Vegetation (국내 수변 식생의 조도계수 평가)

  • Rhee, Dong Sop;Lee, Du Han;Kim, Myounghwan
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.32 no.6B
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    • pp.345-354
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    • 2012
  • The main objective of this study is evaluating experimentally roughness coefficients of the Korean riparian vegetations based on the n-VR analysis to suggest the practical guideline for Manning's roughness coefficients for the channel design. Hydraulic experiments were conducted for Phragmites japonica Steud., Miscanthus sacchariflorus (Maxim.) Benth., and Phragmites communis Trin. under both submerged and un-submerged conditions, and the n-VR relationships are developed for each grass. Three vegetations tested in this study can be considered as same group showing similar roughness characteristics, though these grasses are strongly affected by vegetation stiffness. Vegetation roughness are also affected by the growth state of plants according to experimental results of Phragmites communis Trin.

Effective Structural Joins using Level Information (레벨 정보를 이용한 효과적인 구조 조인 기법)

  • Kim, Jong-Ik
    • Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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    • v.14 no.6
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    • pp.582-587
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    • 2008
  • Structural join is one of the most typical techniques for evaluating XML path queries. Recent researches for structural joins focus on techniques of skipping unnecessary elements using the horizontal distribution information of elements that is indexed on a structure like B+ tree. However, those techniques make the structural join complicated and cannot guarantee efficient join processing due to the overhead of an index structure. In this paper, we propose a new structural join technique that exploits the level information of XML elements. Our technique can skip unnecessary elements using level information, which is vertical distribution information of elements. Through the experimental results, we show that our technique can evaluate structural joins efficiently.