• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.67-77
• /
• 2022

An automatic freeway bus-only lane enforcement system was developed and assessed in a real-world environment. Observation of a bus-only lane on the Youngdong freeway, South Korea, revealed that approximately 99% of the vehicles violated the high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lane regulation. However, the current enforcement by the police not only exhibits a low enforcement rate, but also induces unnecessary safety and delay concerns. Since vehicles with six passengers or higher are permitted to enter freeway bus-only lanes, identifying the number of passengers in a vehicle is a core technology required for a freeway bus-only lane enforcement system. To that end, infrared cameras and the You Only Look Once (YOLOv5) deep learning algorithm were utilized. For assessment of the performance of the developed system, two environments, including a controlled test-bed and a real-world freeway, were used. As a result, the performances under the test-bed and the real-world environments exhibited 7% and 8% errors, respectively, indicating satisfactory outcomes. The developed system would contribute to an efficient freeway bus-only lane operations as well as eliminate safety and delay concerns caused by the current manual enforcement procedures.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.34 no.5
• /
• pp.1443-1454
• /
• 2014

In this study, we assess impact of spatial resolution of radar rainfall and a distributed hydrologic model on parameter estimation and rainfall-runoff response. Radar data measured by S-band polarimetric radar located at Mt. Bisl in the year of 2012 are used for the comparative study. As different rainfall estimates such as R-KDP, R-Z, and R-ZDR show good agreement with ground rainfall, R-KDP are applied for rainfall-runoff modeling due to relatively high accuracy in terms of catchment averaged and gauging point rainfall. GRM (grid based rainfall-runoff model) is implemented for flood simulations at the Geumho River catchment with spatial resolutions of 200m, 500m, and 1000m. Automatic calibration is performed by PEST (model independent parameter estimation tool) to find suitable parameters for each spatial resolution. For 200m resolution, multipliers of overlandflow and soil hydraulic conductivity are estimated within stable ranges, while high variations are found from results for 500m and 1000m resolution. No tendency is found in the estimated initial soil moisture. When parameters estimated for different spatial resolution are applied for other resolutions, 200m resolution model shows higher sensitivity compared to 1000m resolution model.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.98-104
• /
• 2018

The assessment of the light trespass in terms of light pollution is difficult due to the complexity of light environments. As a result, the light pollution research has examined the influences of light pollution using simulation program such as RELUX. However, there still exists a differences between the real measurement value and the simulation value for the light trespass. In this paper, we analyzed the light trespass using the RELUX simulation program, and compared results with real measurement values. In this study, the regions (Seoul, Incheon, etc.) were investigated regarding the light trespass for outdoor lighting. The survey of vertical illuminance was analyzed measuring point (more than 2 point) out the window that was expected to light trespass for the higher anticipated to illumination. The illuminational predicted values for the RELUX program were compared with maximum one. As a result of this study, the illuminational errors between the measurement values and predicted values for the simulation were examined from -0.97 lx to 0.65 lx except 2.08 lx and -7.70 lx. The light trespass was analyzed the higher by how much the located close to the height, length, width of the outdoor lighting for the window. For measuring predicted values using RELUX, it was not sufficiently considered in the simulation conditions because of environmental factors and investigator error etc. Limitations of this study include the limited number of measurements, and greater field data is required in future studies.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.99-103
• /
• 1994

The purpose of this study was to investigate the sensory and physicochemical properties of jatjook(rice gruel cooked with pinenut) containing various levels of pinenut. For this purpose, the various methods and recipe of Jatjook appeared in the literatures were evaluated to select the most preferable Jatjook. Chemical composition of Jatjook containing various levels of pinenut were 69.75∼83.04% of moisture, 2.25∼4.85% of crude protein, 1.77∼ 13.09% of crude fat, and 0.13∼0.51% of ash. C18-2,(linoleic acid) was the highest in the fatty acid contents of jatjook. Vitamin I contents of jatjook were 0.50∼3.50mg/100g. By the color difference meter, the values of L(lightness) and b(yellowness) were increased by increasing the amount of pinenuts, whereas the value of a(redness) showed negative value by increasing the amount of pinenut. Viscosity of Jatjook was decreased by increasing the amount of pinenut. As a result of the sensory evaluation fo. Jatjook made with various levels of pinenut, Jatjook having mixture ratio of 1 rice, 1 pinenut, and 5 water was the most preferable.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
• /
• v.31 no.6
• /
• pp.335-343
• /
• 2019

Overtopping discharge for sea dike having low mound and high wave wall (LMHW sea dike) is investigated with hydraulic experiments in this study. Vertical, Flare and Bullnose type wave walls are selected and Tetrapods (double layer) and Accropode (one layer) are adopted for armour layers of the front slope. The results of the hydraulic experiments are compared to the overtopping formulas for armoured rubble slopes and vertical sea dikes suggested by EurOtop Manual. Predicted overtopping discharges are underestimated as the roughness efficiency factors (γ_f) of armour blocks suggested by EurOtop are adopted when the overtopping formula for armoured rubble slopes sea dike is used. Meanwhile the predicted overtopping discharges agree well with the hydraulic experiments when the modified roughness efficiency factors redefined by multiplying efficiency factor of the heights of armoured crest berm and wave wall (γ_AR) are adopted. Return wall effects on a vertical wall (Kortenhaus et al., 2003; Pearson et al., 2004a) and the effects on a smooth dike slope (Van Doorslaer et al., 2015) in EurOtop Manual are investigated for Flare and Bullnose type wave walls. As a results of the comparison between experimental results and 2 formulas, return wall effect on a smooth dike was more valid for LMHW sea dike.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.35-40
• /
• 1991

The sensory evaluation by Preference test revealed that the best Kongjook was obtained when the soymilk was prepared with eight-times of water to the volume of soybean. Based on the results, the ratios of soybean: rice: water (v/v/v) having 2:1:16($G_1$), 3:2:24($G_2$), 3:2:30($G_3$),and 4:3:32($G_4$), were chosen. The soaked rice was cooked with soymilk, Kongjook prepared from $G_2$ and $G_4$, showed the highes preference in eating quality and flavor, but the former had better quality in consistency and color, indicating that Kongjook from $G_2$ was the most preferable. The cooking time of soybean prior to the preparation of soymilk also showed that Kongjook prepared from $G_2$ had better preference than other samples regardless of the cooking times of soybean. The spreadability of Kongjook from $G_2$ determined with a line-chart method was 5.85.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.44 no.2
• /
• pp.216-223
• /
• 2012

Dextran was produced by $Leuconostoc$ $mesenteroides$ SM with various contents of yeast extract and its rheological properties were modulated, via an addition of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) of different viscosities. The conversion yield reached 90% after adding 3% yeast extract, which remained constant, thereafter. The acidity of the cultures was approximately 1.4 and 0.9% after fermentation for 24 h at 25 and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. The total dextran content (107.3 g/kg) was the highest in the presence of the 3% yeast extract. Under the same conditions, the consistency, viscous modulus (G"), and elastic modulus (G') of the cultures were $37.6\;Pa{\cdot}s^n$, 38 Pa, and 50 Pa, respectively. The rheological properties of the culture were changed drastically by the fortification with HPMC of higher concentration and viscosity. The addition of 10% HPMC (4,000 cp) resulted in a significant increase in G" to 1,950 Pa. Furthermore, adding HPMC to a viscous culture resulted in a remarkable increase in both hardness and firmness.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.32 no.6
• /
• pp.542-549
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the difference in the surface roughness after polishing and to evaluate the difference in color stability after immersion in a dye solution among four types of composite resin materials. Four light-polymerized composite resins(Shade A2) with different sized filler content(a nanofilled, a hybrid, a microfilled, a flowble) were used. Average surface roughness (Ra) was measured with a surface roughness tester (Surftest Formtracer) before and after polishing with aluminum oxide abrasive discs(Super-Snap). Color of specimens before and after staining with 2% methylene blue solution were measured using spectrophotometer(CM-3700d) with SCI geometries. The results of Ra and ${\Delta}E$ were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA), a Scheffe multiple comparison test and Student t-test(p=0.05). After polishing, Ra values were decreased regardless of type of composite resins. In surface roughness after polishing and color stability after staining, nanofilled composite resin was not different with other composite resins except flowable resins.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.210-216
• /
• 2008

Leuconostoc mesenteroides SM isolated from a raw carrot was used for the fermentation of carrot juice (CJ). Lactic acid fermentation of CJ was performed at $25^{\circ}C$ for 24 hr with $0{\sim}20%$ sucrose concentration, resulting in the production of mucilage. The fermented CJ showed the complete conversion of sugar into dextran after fermentation for 24 hr in the presence of sucrose below 15% concentration. With 15% sucrose, the fermented CJ had pH 3.8, 0.9% acidity, consistency index of $3.5\;Pa{\cdot}s^n$. After cold storage for 3 weeks, fermented CJ showed slight increase in acidity and relatively constant value in pH; however, the consistency index, red color value and viable cell counts were slightly decreased for 3 weeks. The ${\beta}-carotene$ content in CJ was drastically decreased by lactic acid fermentation for 24 hr, indicating $72\;{\mu}g/mL$ as compared to $142\;{\mu}g/mL$. The fermented CJ had improved body texture, red color and stability without sedimentation.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.68-78
• /
• 2021

A subminiature catadioptric omnidirectional optical system (SCOOS) with 2 mirrors, 6 plastic aspherical lenses, and an illumination system of 6 light emitting diodes, to observe the 360° panoramic image of the inner intestine, is optically designed and evaluated for a capsule endoscope. The total length, overall length, half field of view (HFOV), and F-number of the SCOOS are 14.3 mm, 8.93 mm, 51°~120°, and 3.5, respectively. The optical system has a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor sensor with 0.1 megapixels, and an illumination system of 6 light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with 0.25 lm to illuminate on the 360° side view of the intestine along the optical axis. As a result, the spatial frequency at the modulation transfer function (MTF) of 0.3, the depth of focus, and the cumulative probability of tolerance at the Nyquist frequency of 44 lp/mm and MTF of 0.3 of the optimized optical system are obtained as 130 lp/mm, -0.097 mm to +0.076 mm, and 90.5%, respectively. Additionally, the simulated illuminance of the LED illumination system at the inner surface of the intestine within HFOV, at a distance of 15.0 mm from the optical axis, is from a minimum of 315 lx to a maximum of 725 lx, which is a sufficient illumination and visibility.