• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

Purpose: There has been increased the number of early gastric cancer and laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy (LAG), due to early detection through mass screening program. We started the LAG in April 2004 and performed 119 cases of gastric cancer in 2005, so we report a surgical outcome compared with that of open gastrectomy (OG). Materials and Methods: 119 patients underwent LAG in 2005, and for open group, 126 patiens of early gastric cancer were selected sequentially from January 2005 to March 2005. We compared clinicopathologic characteristics, postoperative courses and complications between two groups. Results: There was no significant difference between age, a length of hospital stay, distal resection margin and a number of retrived lymph nodes. The operation time was longer in LAG group (239.2 vs 123.3 mins, P<0.001) and a diet progression was faster in LAG group (first flatus: 3.05 vs 3.70 days, SOW: 2.86 vs 3.22 days, liquid diet: 3.87 vs 4.19 days, soft diet: 4.84 vs 5.26 days, P<0.001). But there was no difference statistically in postoperative discharge date (7.73 vs 8.25 days, P=0.229). The additional requirement of analgesic injection was less frequent in LAG group (2.97 vs 4.92 times, P<0.001). The harvested lymph nodes were similar in both groups (23.9 vs 23.1, P=0.563). A complication rate was lower in LAG group (4.9% vs 9.5%), but there was no statistical significance (P=0.179). There was no mortality in both groups and no conversion to open gastrectomy in the LAG group. Conclusion: LAG can be performed safely and accepted in view of curative procedure in treatment of early gastric cancer. But we need the follow up of long-term period to evaluate the survival rate and recurrence, and a prospective randomized controlled study should be done to establish that LAG will be a standard operation for early gastric cancer.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.158-165
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• 2002

Purpose: We designed this retrospective study to establish the incidence of diagnosic delay in children diagnosed with acute appendicitis and to identify associated factors with delayed diagnosis and its impact on the clinical course. Methods: All cases of children under 15 years of age who underwent appendectomy from 1996 to 2001 at Gangneung Asan Hospital were reviewed. We reviewed signs and symptoms, type of health professional first contacted, the advice given by the health professional and a history of appendicitis in first degree relatives. Diagnostic period is the time elapsed between first complaints and definitive diagnosis. Delay was defined as diagnostic period exceeded the 48 hours. Postoperative course and complications were also reviewed. Results: Incidence of diagnostic delay differed by whether diarrhea and fecalith on X-ray were present. Also children whose parents were advised to observe them at home were more likely to have a diagnostic delay. In almost half of the cases in delayed group, initial diagnosis was not acute appendicitis but gastroenteritis. The perforation rate in non-delayed group was 22%, whereas 87% in delayed group. The delayed group showed a higher number of postoperative complication and a longer hospitalization period. Conclusions: Diarrhea with abdominal pain and fever in children should not be dismissed as gastroenteritis, respiratory infections or other common disorders. Our study suggests that physicians have a responsibility to prevent diagnostic delay and resultant perforation of acute appendicitis in children by having a high index of suspicion about acute appendicitis.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.24 no.3 s.35
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• pp.428-440
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• 1991

This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence rate of cervical cancer and to investigate its risk factors. 5,417 asymptomatic married women were screened from March, 1984 to December, 1990 in Taegu city. Of 5,417 examinees, 3,817 (70.46%) were normal, 1,542 (28.7%) showed inflammatory change, 51 (0.94%) were dysplasia and 7 (0.13%) were carcinoma in situ or invasive carcinomas. The prevalence of abnormal finding (dysplasia, carcinoma in situ or invasive carcinoma) was 1,070 per 100,000 population. The prevalence of dysplasia was 940 per 100,000 and that of carcinoma in situ or invasive carcinoma was 130 per 100,000. Age-adjusted prevalence rate for abnormal finding adjusted with standard population of Taegu city was estimated to be 850 per 100,000. The prevalence of cervical cancer was significantly increased with age (P<0.05). The prevalence of cervical cancer was significantly decreased with age at marriage and educational level (P<0.05). The history of induced abortion and the number of pregnancies were significantly associated with the prevalence of cervical cancer (p<0.05), whereas, the number of parity was not. Age at marriage was significantly associated with the prevalence of cervical cancer after stratification by age (p<0.05). However, the level of education, parity, induced abortion, number of pregnancies were not significant. Inflammation and human papiloma virus infection were associated with cervical cancer with odds ratio of 13.48 (95% confidence interval $7.80{\sim}23.40$) and 474.29 (95% confidence interval $196.80{\sim}1143.10$), respectively. In conclusion, for early detection of cervical cancer it should be recommended to perform mass cytological screening. In particular, regular and periodic cytologic screening, starting at age 25, for cervical cancer should be recommended for those women who have frequent cervical inflammation and for those women married before age of 20.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.526-534
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• 2009

Purpose: We retrospectively investigated the diagnostic performance of $^{18}F$-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) and PET/CT for cancer detection in asymptomatic health-check examinees. Materials and Methods: This study consisted of 5091 PET or PET/CT conducted as part of annual health examination at one hospital from March 1998 to February 2008. To find the incidence of cancers, medical records of the subjects were thoroughly reviewed for a follow-up period of one year. The patterns of formal readings of PET and PET/CT were analyzed to assess the sensitivity and specificity for cancer detection. The histopathology and stage of the cancers were evaluated in relation to the results of PET. Results: Eighty-six cancers (1.7%) were diagnosed within one year after PET or PET/CT. When PET and PET/CT results were combined, the sensitivity was 48.8% and specificity was 81.1% for cancer detection. PET only had a sensitivity of 46.2% and a specificity of 81.4%, and PET/CT only had a sensitivity of 75.0% and a specificity of 78.5% respectively. There were no significant differences in cancer site, stage and histopathology between PET positive and PET negative cancers. In 19.3% of formal readings of PET and PET/CT, further evaluation to exclude malignancy or significant disease was recommended. Head and neck area and upper gastrointestinal tract were commonly recommended sites for further evaluation. Conclusions: PET and PET/CT showed moderate performance for detecting cancers in asymptomatic adults in this study. More experience and further investigation are needed to overcome limitations of PET and PET/CT for cancer screening.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.156-161
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• 2008

Purpose : Neutropenic enterocolitis is an acute, life-threatening inflammation of the small and large bowel, often seen in children with malignancies during periods of prolonged or severe neutropenia. The optimal management for typhlitis in pediatric oncology patients has been debateful between operative and nonoperative approaches. The purpose of this study was to review the outcome of medical management of patients who were diagnosed as typhlitis. Methods : The records of 207 pediatric cancer patients who were diagnosed and treated at the pediatric department of Yeungnam University Hospital for cancer between August, 2002 and July, 2007 were reviewed. Results : Among 207 patients, 12 (5.7%) children aged 9 to 14 years, were diagnosed clinically to have typhlitis. Clinical symptoms and signs of patients were fever, abdominal pain and tenderness, diarrhea, vomiting and rebound tenderness. Bowel-wall thickening (> 4mm) was seen on CT or ultrasonography. All patients were treated with antibiotics combinations of teicoplanin, carbapenem, aminoglycoside, or other third generation cephalosporin and metronidazole or clindamycin. Eight patients were treated with additional antifungal agents. Other supportive management included bowel rest, total parenteral nutrition, and G-CSF administration. All patients recovered completely and did not need any surgical management. Conclusion : Early diagnosis and aggressive supportive treatment appears to be important for complete recovery and survival of typhlitis.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.128-139
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of developmental anomalies of permanent lateral incisor and eruption disturbances and analyze the association between two components. Panoramic radiographs of 3984 patients (aged 5 to 13 years) who visited the Department of Pediatric Dentistry of Seoul National University Dental Hospital between November 2016 and October 2017 were screened. The prevalence of developmental anomalies of permanent lateral incisors was 10.2%. The most common developmental anomalies were congenitally missing teeth(66.1%), followed by peg lateralis(33.5%). The prevalence of eruption disturbances was 16.5%. Among the patient with developmental anomalies of permanent lateral incisors, associated eruption disturbances were appeared on 31.1% of patients. Peg lateralis(p < 0.001), underdeveloped lateral incisors(p < 0.001) and dens invaginatus(p = 0.004) were associated significantly with eruption disturbance of permanent teeth. Eruption disturbance in patients with peg lateralis and dens invaginatus was most prevalent in maxillary canine. For patients with underdeveloped lateral incisor, eruption disturbance of maxillary central incisor was most frequent. It is important for patients with developmental anomalies of lateral incisors to detect associated eruption disturbance early through regular checkup. Diagnosis and treatment plan in view of such relationships is important in order to treat appropriately at the optimal time.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.196-205
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to identify factors influencing treatment result in patients with Tuberculosis by patient characteristic, admission and disease characteristic, and hospital characteristic from 2006 to 2012. Survey data was using Korean national hospital discharge in-depth survey data produced by KCDC(Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention). Study subjects were 8,305 inpatients with TB(A15.0~A19.9) and analyzed frequency, chi-square test, and logistic regression by using SPSS 20(Statistical Package for the Science). The results of this study show that influencing factors of treatment result were ages (20-39, 40-64, and over 65 years), type of insurance(medical aid), disease code (A16, A17, A18, A19), LOS (31-90, and 91-180 days), beds of hospital (300-499, 500-999, over 1,000 beds) and hospital district (non-metropolitan). These findings implied that it is necessary to support successful prevention and management for high risk TB groups and to build middle and long-term policies as well as short -term policy.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.89-97
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• 2014

Purpose: To evaluate the ultrasonographic findings of the elbows on group screening of middle school baseball players. Materials and Methods: Ninety-three players (age: 12-15, mean 13.5 years) of four middle school baseball team were evaluated with bilateral elbow ultrasonographies in the field regardless of elbow pain. Medial and anterolateral ultrasound examination of the both elbow were performed in the field to detect any abnormalities including medial epicondylar separation or fragmentation and capitellar osteochondritis dissecans respectively. We analyzed the relationship among elbow pain, physical findings and sonographic abnormalities and the differences of sonographic abnormalities between pitchers and fielders. Results: Thirty-six of 93 (39%) players had sonographic abnormalities of elbow in dominant arm, 30 with medial epicondylar apophyseal separation or fragmentation, 2 with osteochondritis dissecans, 4 with both lesions. Twenty-nine of 37 (78%) players with elbow pain had sonographic abnormalities. On physical examination, players with medial epicondylar abnormalities had medial epicondylar tenderness (59%) and pain on valgus stress test (52%), and 5 of 6 (83%) players with osteochondritis dissecans showed flexion contracture more than $5^{\circ}$. The incidence of medial epicondylar abnormalities between pitchers and fielders was statistically not significant but osteochondritis dissecans was more prevalent in pitchers (p<0.05). Conclusion: Elbow sonography is a simple and useful screening tool in the field and also effective for early detection of medial epicondylar abnormalities or osteochondritis dissecans that could be the main causes of elbow pain in adolescent baseball players.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.23-26
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• 2008

Ultrasonography (USG) is widely accepted diagnostic method for the rotator cuff tear. The availability, low cost, easy to access is main factors that favor USG as a primary diagnostic modality for various cuff disorders. We experienced a case of discrepancy between USG, MR arthrography (MRA) and arthroscopic examination. Seventy four year old female patient complained of right shoulder pain. USG depicted rotator cuff tear with the size of 1cm, and MRA demonstrated about 3cm sized tear. Complex massive tear with delamination of degenerated rotator cuff was identified in the arthroscopic examination. When we encounter a patient who has loss of rotator cuff power or severe symptom than findings of USG, MRA or repeat USG is warranted. We report a case of discrepancy between examination modalities with brief review of the literature.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.335-342
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• 2004

This paper describes a trans-admittance scanner for breast cancer detection. A FPGA-based sinusoidal waveform generator produces a constant voltage. The voltage is applied between a hand-held electrode and a scan probe placed on the breast. The scan probe contains an 8x8 array of electrodes that are kept at the ground potential. Multi-channel precision digital ammeters using the phase-sensitive demodulation technique were developed to measure the exit current from each electrode in the array. Different regions of the breast are scanned by moving the probe on the breast. We could get trans-admittance images of resistor and saline phantoms with an anomaly inside. The images provided the information on the depth and location of the anomaly. In future studies, we need to improve the accuracy through a better calibration method. We plan to test the scanner's ability to detect a cancer lesion inside the human breast.