• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.3-10
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• 2019

The purpose of the study is to survey the effective methodology of composition and connection for the third pedestrian routes in mixed-use building by case studies. The study is performed as follows: First of all, pedestrian routes are classified into malling route, evacuation route, and the Third route. Secondly, case studies are conducted based on the classification. Thirdly, it is investigated about the composition and connection of the malling and the Third pedestrian route. The investigation is focused on gate, path, central area, vertical circulation(EV and escalator) and the four circulation elements. Finally, the effective methodology is extracted for setting the Third route in mixed-use buildings. The conclusion of the study is as follows: The enhancement of consistency and connection between the main route and the Third route is important for providing convenient paths especially to users who needs shortcut, EV/ES users. Additionally, the connections between EV and gate, between shortcut and EV/ES should be increased to enable users choosing their path as needed.

• 전기의세계
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.47-49
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• 1964

본고의 내용은 다음과 같다. 1. 연혁 2. 현황(주요제품) 3. 시설(공작실, 정기실, Press실, 주물실, 도금실, 도장실, 열처리실, 표준계기실, 중앙실험실, 사실, 동선실, 전지실, 수지실, T.V.조립실, 검정실)

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.21-29
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• 2019

The purpose of the study is to be the pedestrian integrated circulation system of malling route and the third route in Mixed-use Building based on User Behavior. The study has performed by the following approaches: Initially, literature reviews are performed related to a pedestrian route by user in mixed-use building. Second, general and stroller users moving route are analyzed based on the outcome of the case study. Finally, the study develops the efficient pedestrian integrated circulation system of malling route and the third route in Mixed-use Building. According to the study, the following conclusions were made: First, An integrated plan for escalators and EVs, which are accessible to both users and strollers, is needed. Second, The entrance automatic door and circulation elements should be connected for continuous move by the stroller users. Finally, The circulation system of complex buildings should be a simple spatial structure and route plan that users can easily recognize.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.3964-3973
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• 2010

The main purpose of this study is the vertical circulation elements(stairs, elevator, ramp) in a Museum. The first is numerically analyzed in the study. And museum of Korea was limited to the case. The result of the study can be summarized as follows. 1. 50% of cases have 3~4 vertical circulation elements.; (1) ~8 elements: 1(3%), (2) 7 elements: 2(5%), (3) 6 elements: 5(13%), (4) 5 elements: 6(16%), (5) 4 elements: 8(21%), (6) 3 elements: 11(29%), (7) 2 elements: 4(11%), (8) 1 element: 1(3%). 2. There was "stairs alone", "elevator + stairs", "elevator + stairs + ramp", "stairs + ramp" in museum of Korea. Cases of "elevator alone", "ramp alone", elevator + ramp", "stairs + elevator + ramp" was not.; (1) stairs alone: 8(21%), (2) elevator + stairs: 21(55%), (3) elevator + stairs + ramp: 8(21%), (4) stairs + ramp: 1(3%).

• Plant Journal
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 2014

Simulation works for comparing removal capabilities of acid gases contained in natural gas among several aqueous amine absorbents using commercial process simulator PROMAX(BR&E Co.) were carried out. Amine aqueous solution used in this study were 30 wt% MEA, 30 wt% DEA, 50 wt% MDEA, and 50 wt% MDEA with 3 wt% piperazine as additive. We obtained the simulated results that while MEA aqueous solution is relatively capable of more $CO_2$ gas, but DEA, MDEA, MDEA aqueous solutions with piperazine as additive are capable of more $H_2S$ gas. Also, we found that 30 wt% MDA aqueous solution is the smallest circulate rate of lean amine solution, and 50 wt% MDEA aqueous solution with 3 wt% piperazine as additive is the smallest heat duty in stripping unit. 50 wt% MDEA aqueous solution with 3 wt% piperazine as additive is found less amine circulation rate than 50 wt% MDEA due to the introduction of additive.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.19
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• pp.88-123
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• 2009

Gyeongsanjain Dano Festival is a local festival of Yeongnam that was initially designated as Intangible Cultural Heritage No. 44 "Hanjanggun Nori" in 1971 and finally became Gyeongsanjain Dano Festival in 2007. At first, few parts of it were designated for preservation and it was succeeded as a whole without connections between each part. Problems also rise from the fact that it has not been closely studied. Gyeongsanjain Dano Festival is mostly classified into five parts: Keungut, Yeowonmu, Hojanggut, Hanmyoje, and Jainpalgwangdae. This study has closely discussed each part as follows: 1. Keungut 1) Process and Contents of Keungut - Characteristics of Gut in Daegu and Gyeongsan 2) Presence of Performers that can Execute Traditional Gut of Local Area 3) Problems with the Name of Keungut - Ex: 'Hanjanggungut' or 'Keungut' 4) Problems of Dano Festival without Parts to Summon and Send off Spirits before and After Keungut and Restoration Measures 2. Yeowonmu 1) Essence of Yeowonmu and Yeowonhwa 2) Problems with the Mass Game of Hundreds of High School Girls 3) Origin and Succession of Yeowonmu 3. Hojanggut 1) Changes in Characters of Hojanggut 2) Composition and Characteristics of Hojanggut 3) Problems with the Name and Characteristics of Hojanggut 4. Jainpalgwangdae Nori 1) Similarity with Newly Created Shows 2) Problems with the Name of Palgwangdae 3) Difference with the Composition of Other Mask Dances 4) Dances and Movements Distinguished from Other Mask Dances in Yeongnam The following are the solutions suggested for Gyeongsan Jain Dano Festival. First, for the restoration of Gyeongsanjain Dano Festival, Dano festivals and Byeolsinje of nearby areas with clear traditions could be benchmarked. Second, the major content of Gyeongsanjain Dano Festival is 'Hanjanggungut,' and it has to be the leading content of the festival. Third, the structural principle of Korean festival must be adopted and the process and principle must correspond to those of other traditional shows. Fourth, as Gyeongsanjain Dano Festival is the comprehensive form of art, folk, and festival, each part must be closely related in a well-planned scenario. Fifth, Intangible talents and successful training must be widely acknowledged for successful transmission and responsible performances. Sixth, traditional festivals must be restored along with the discovery and development of various festival repertories and spectacles such as tour programs and experiential tours that contribute to local economy.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.53-66
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• 2004

There are various granite landforms including block stream(natural monument No. 435) within Mt. Biseul, in Daegu city. The Daegyunsa(temple) and community of rhododendron around the summit of the mountain provide visitors many objects o( interest in cultural & ecological heritage. This paper aimed to develope nature trails of various type according to visitor's characteristics. 1) Various granite landforms develope along with the main path up the mountain(block stream-gnamma-exfoliation-poligonal cracking-talus-core stone-sheeting joint-tor-free face-high flat summit). 2) The explanatory note on terminology, origin, characteristics of geomorphic resources are developed in this paper for the first time. 3) In Consideration of the path line of flow of visitor, the best field study sites and the most effective nature trails are designed for visitor. 4) Three nature tails are designed for visitor according to the type and the length of visitor's stay.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.239-243
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• 2007

Presence of bottom water nitrite in the Ulleung Basin was remarkable because it is totally unexpected phenomenon at such an oxygen-rich environment. Yet no scientific explanation was set forward. Of several plausible explanations, following the Ockham's suggestion, a leaching of nitrite as an intermediate product of denitrification in the top sediment at the slope is most agreeable to given environmental settings. There seems no complementary process to make up the loss of N in the Ulleung Basin, which seems contribute to the characteristically low N:P ratio in the deep waters. If warming proceeds that weakens the thermohaline circulation, a current biological pump may stall and the phytoplankton assemblage might replaced drastically. If so this will pause an utmost challenge to the ecosystem of the East/Japan Sea. Still there remains a contradictory sedimentary signature that requests further explanation regarding the N (or organic C)-cycle such as extraordinarily high organic carbon content despite abundant oxidants in the overlying waters.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.59-70
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• 1996

장안초등학교는 한국전쟁 이후인 1955년에 개교된 초등학교이다. 처음에는 8학급의 가교사시설에 18학급으로 편성되어 초기부터 시설이 양적으로 부족하였다. 또한 이 지역의 학생수 증가로 거의 매년에 걸쳐 학급수의 증가와 교실증축이 함께 이루어 졌다. 현재 건물의 건립년도를 살펴보면 1965년 6월에 처음 신관 1층 부분이 건설되어 70년대와 80년대에 걸쳐 꾸준히 증축되어 왔으며, 대지 동측의 별관은 1993년 12월에 건설된 새건물로, 학교교사 건물이 30년된 건물과 최근의 건물이 함께 공존하고 있다. 철근콘크리트 건물이 구조적으로는 100년도 견딘다 하지만 실제로는 약 30년이면 콘크리트의 산성화가 가속화되면서 구조적으로 안전하지 못하다는 학설이 인정되어, 최근 30년이 경과된 학교 건축의 재건축이 사회적 문제로 대두되고 있다. 실제로는 25년이상 경과된 건물에서도 구조적인 하자가 발생하는 예 가 많아 교육부에서는 대체로 25년이상 경과된 건물에 대하여 재건축을 실시하고 있다. 장안초등학교는 20년에서 30년 경과된 건물이 많은 부분을 차지하는 관계로 재건축이 실시되는 예이다. 아직까지 사용이 가능하다고 판단되는 건물은 본관의 남측부분의 교사(1983년 증축)과 신관의 우측부분(1985년 9월 23일 증축)과 별관(1993년 12월 14일 신축)교사동을 들수 있다. 때문에 이 부분에 대하여 철거할 것인가 혹은 그대로 사용할 것인가에 대한 의견이 있어, 최종적으로 별관은 그대로 사용하는 것을 원칙으로 하고 본관 남측부분은 가장 마지막 건설시기에 철거하고 신관 우측부분은 규모가 작아 철거하기로 하였다. 학교건축은 다른 일반건물과는 달리 교육이라는 기능을 충분히 발휘할수 있는 공간구성이 필수적이라 할수 있다. 여기서 말하는 교육이란 예전의 주입식 교육이 아니라 21세기를 바라보는 정보화 세계화를 지향하는 교육으로 학생 개개인의 창의성과 자주성을 발휘시킬수 있는 교육이라는 점에 대하여 의견은 없을 것이다. 이러한 교육이란 다양한 교육방법을 전제로 하며 하나의 학년을 하나의 학습그룹으로 생각하는 것은 중요한 출발점이 될 것이다. 한 학년의 그룹을 교대상의 기본으로하여 이러한 그룹에 대하여 일제학습, 그룹학습, 팀티칭, 개별학습이 이루어 질수 있는 공간을 제공하는 점을 본 장안초등학교 기본계획에서 출발점으로 하였다. 물론 학교전체 학생을 콘트롤할 수 있는 교육방법도 존재한다. 선진 외국의 예를 살펴보면 아동의 능력별 교육을 위하여 무학년제(Non-Grade)를 도입하는 경우도 있지만 아직 우리나라에서는 학급단위가 중요시되고 있다. 이 학급단위는 교육단위이면서 생활지도 단위이기도 하다. 이러한 점을 인식하여 학교건축의 간장 기본 단위가 되는 보통교실 계획을 보통교실과 오픈스페이스를 연속시킨 유니트로 계획하여 일제학습, 그룹학습, 팀티칭, 개별학습 등이 이루어 질수 있도록 하였다. 실제로는 36학급을 계획할 경우, 한학년의 6개 학급이 하나의 공통된 공간내에 그룹핑 되는 것이 바람직하지만(제3안의 배치에서 제안하여 보았지만 북측교실, 오픈스페이스의 통로화등의 문제점이 있었다), 그 규모가 너무 커서 3개학급을 하나의 유니트로 하였다. 물론 한학년이 동일한 층에 배치시켜 서로의 관련성을 높게 하였다. 특별교실 계획은 보통교실과의 관련성과 장래 지역개방의 역할을 고려하여 계획하여야 할 것이다. 장안 초등학교의 경우는 별관을 그대로 사용 한다는 조건이 있기 때문에 기존의 편복도 형식의 교실에서는 보통교실 계획의 어려움이 있어 특별 교실동으로 고려하였다. 때문에 지역개방에 대해서는 문제점을 안고 있다. 체육관은 기준령에는 권장시설로 되어 있지만 학교시설에 필수적인 시설이라 생각한다. 체육은 국민건강에 직결되기 때문이다. 또한 체육관 건설은 실외체육 실내체육에 대응할 뿐 아니라 학교 행사등에 유용히 사용되기 때문에 더욱 필요시설이라 할수 있겠다. 또한 지역개방을 위하여 정문 혹은 후문 가까이에 배치시키는 것은 필수적이다. 별관, 체육관, 운동장, 후문측에 12학급용의 단독건물 등의 기본적인 제약조건을 고려하여 배치하자면 자연히 교실동들이 분산되는 결과를 낳게된다. 이러한 각각의 교사동을 A동을 중심으로 구름다리로 연결하여 동선의 불편함을 해소시켰다. 주차장은 후문 가까이에 약 10정도의 주차공간이 확보가능하다. 이외에는 운동장을 사용하는 방법과 체육관의 1층부분을 필로티로 하여 그곳에 20대 정도 주차시키는 방안이 있다. 주차는 많을수록 편리는 하겠지만 제한된 대지에 모두 만족 시켜주기는 불가능하다. 공공용의 주차와 소방에 필요한 동선이 요구된다. 특히 도심주차난을 생각할 때는 차라리 적극적으로 지하주차장을 계획하는 방안이 있을 것이다. 마지막으로 현재 67학급은 초대형 규모로 초등학교 규모로는 적합하지 못하다. 장래를 고려하여 48학급에서 최종적으로 36학급으로 계획하였으나 한동안은 67학급이 그대로 유지될 것으로 보인다. 신설 초등학교가 가까운 시기에 개교될 것을 기대한다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.68-82
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• 2017

Strengthening surveillance, one of the most important factors in the crime prevention environment of cultural heritages, has difficulty in evaluating and diagnosing the site. For this reasons, surveillance enhancement has been assessed by modelling the shape of cultural heritage, topography, and trees digitally. The purpose of this study is to develop the evaluation method of crime prevention environment for cultural heritage by using the 3D visual exposure index (3DVE) which can quantitatively evaluate the surveillance enhancement in three dimensions. For the study, the evaluation factors were divided into natural, organizational, mechanical, and integrated surveillance. To conduct the analysis, the buildings, terrain, walls, and trees of the study site were modeled in three dimensions and the analysis program was developed by using the Unity 3D. Considering the working area of the person, it is possible to analyze the surveillance point by dividing it into the head and the waist position. In order to verify the feasibility of the 3DVE as the analysis program, we assessed the crime prevention environment by digitally modeling the Donam Seowon(Historic Site No. 383) located in Nonsan. As a result of the study, it was possible to figure out the problems of patrol circulation, the blind spot, and the weak point in natural, mechanical, and organizational surveillance of Donam Seowon. The results of the 3DVE were displayed in 3D drawings, so that the position and object could be identified clearly. Surveillance during the daytime is higher in the order of natural, mechanical, and organizational surveillance, while surveillance during the night is higher in the order of organizational, mechanical, and natural surveillance. The more the position of the work area becomes low, the more it is easy to be shielded, so it is necessary to evaluate the waist position. It is possible to find out and display the blind spot by calculating the surveillance range according to the specification, installation location and height of CCTV. Organizational surveillance, which has been found to be complementary to mechanical surveillance, needs to be analyzed at the vulnerable time when crime might happen. Furthermore, it is note that the analysis of integrated surveillance can be effective in examining security light, CCTV, patrol circulation, and other factors. This study was able to diagnose the crime prevention environment by simulating the actual situation. Based on this study, consecutive researches should be conducted to evaluate and compare alternatives to design the crime prevention environment.