• Informatization Policy
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.3-17
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• 2013

As electronic marketplaces grow and a large number of consumers exchange their opinions on products and services on the Internet, many studies have been conducted in the area of online consumer reviews. This paper analyzes the research trend of the online consumer reviews by investigating those studies in an attempt to provide future research directions. Many researchers have focused on the effects of online reviews on consumer behaviors as well as the usefulness of the online reviews. In particular, review contents, characteristics of reviewers/consumers and features of products/services have been identified as influencing factors on the effects of the online consumer reviews. For the review contents, the number and the volume of the contents have increasing effects on the online reviews, while the direction (positive vs. negative) of the contents has resulted in conflicting effects of the review. The reputation and trustfulness of reviewers, consumers' prior knowledge on the products, consumers' product involvement, and types of the products were investigated as these factors influence the effectiveness of the online consumer reviews. Social media (such as Facebook and Twitter) nowadays play an important role to disseminate online reviews among consumers. Thus, it is necessary to study how social media influence the effects of online reviews on consumers. Since some firms abuse the online reviews for their own sakes, we recognize the necessity for empirical studies on the side effects of the online reviews.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.39-56
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• 2008

Previous studies of music, user interface, and human-computer interaction have used sounds which include musical structure rather than real music. This study investigated whether real music affects objective and perceived usability. Silence, sound, and music conditions were compared in experiment 1 (kimchi refrigerator) and 2 (remote controller for air conditioner). Participants' performances of reaction time and accuracy, and the degree of subjective satisfaction were analyzed. The results showed that main effects on task performances were not different significantly; however, perceived usability of music condition was better than sound condition, which was better than silence condition. It means that musical user interface improves perceived usability while not interfering task performance. This study provides a basis of emotional and aesthetic effects of music in home appliances design, and can be applied to studies for the blind. More specific guideline for the musical user interface can be drafted if further studies consider more various tasks, context, musical structure and types for the appliances.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.337-349
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• 2003

This study was dealt with consumers' attitudes and requests for refunds on the basis of data gathered in 1997 and 2000 and examined factors shaping the differences of the consumers' requesting for refunds and investigated variables influencing the presence or absence of requests for refunds. Research outcomes could be summarized as follows. First there were no differences in consumers' searches for information of refunds, degrees of satisfactions for practices of refunds, knowledges for refunds, consumers' expectation for the permission of refunds between two periods Consumers generally showed more active behaviors for the request for refunds in 2000 than in 1997. In cases of defects, the chance of getting refunds was higher while consumers feel greater needs for refund. Second, consumers perception for the necessity of refund and their expectations for successful outcomes were higher in cases of defects than in the opposite case; consumers were also more active to request for refunds and get more positive responses in the former case. Third, in cases of defects in 1997, as consumers faced the unsatisfactory response for their previous requests for refunds, they did not actively request for refunds. In 2000, requesting for refunds were more active as they were more knowledgeable, actively search for information of refunds before their purchases, and expect more positive outcomes for their requests for refund. On the other hand, in cases of no defects in 1997, consumers showed more active behaviors requesting for refunds as their own professional jobs, owned greater consumer expectation for positive outcomes and showed greater satisfactions for the previous requests of refunds. In the survey of 2000, consumers showed active behaviors requesting for refunds as they were highly educated, gather much information for refund, and showed positive expectations for the possibility of refund.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.12 s.138
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• pp.1554-1561
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• 2004

In the U.S., outdoor enthusiasts such as golfers have been focused on skin cancer prevention practices since their outdoor activities lead to extensive sun exposure during peak sun hours. The purposes of this study were to investigate golfers current sun protection behaviors and five attributes and their impacts on the intention to adopt UV specialized clothing based on Rogers' theory. UV specialized clothing as a preventive innovation is related to sun protection behaviors. However, there has been little effort to explain the intention to adopt a preventive innovation regarding health-related practices. With a convenience sampling method, a total of 158 useful questionnaires were collected. Ninety one percent were male golfers, and their age ranged from 16 to 80 years old(mean age=30 years). About $25\%$ reported to practice sun protection behaviors. About $70\%$ disagreed on the relative advantage, compatibility, observability, and triability of UV specialized shirts and reported the low intention to purchase it. Current sun protection behaviors and five attribute variables were entered in the multiple regression equation to explain the dependent variable of intention to adopt the innovation. Triability was the best predictor of the intention to adopt UV specialized shirts, followed by current sun protection behaviors, compatibility, and relative advantage. With four predictors, $45\%$ of the variance of intention to adopt was explained. The present study provides how the golfers current sun protection behaviors play important roles in explaining the intention to adopt the preventive innovation. Physical and functional features of UV specialized clothing were also significantly associated with their intentions to adopt it.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.92-99
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• 2006

For standardization of quality and reduction of salt concentration of pickles manufactured in Folk Villages of Sunchang Region, the physicochemical characteristics of 90 pickles of 10 items were compared. Persimmon, garlic, cucumber, radish, Codonopsis lanceolata L., and Japanese apricot pickles were mixed with kochujang, perilla leaf pickle was mixed with soybean paste, cucumber pickle in wine cake was mixed with wine cake, and red pepper was mixed with soybean paste or soy sauce. Moisture contents, pH, and titratable acidities of pickles were various depend upon characteristics of materials. Sugar contents of pickles test,34 were ranged from $22.10{\pm}3.04$ (red pepper pickled with soy sauce) to $55.53{\pm}7.67\;^oBrix$ (garlic pickle), and sugar contents of pickles mixed with kochujang were higher than those of soybean paste or soy sauce. Salt concentration of pickles were ranged from $3.56{\pm}1.11$ (Japanese apricot) to $9.15{\pm}6.35%$ (red pepper pickled with soy sauce), and salt concentration of pickle mixed with soy sauce was the highest among the pickles tested. Total aerobic counts of pickles tested were similarly ranged from $5.62{\pm}0.10$ (red pepper pickled with soy sauce) to $6.83{\pm}0.55$ log CFU/g (perilla leaf pickled with soybean paste). These results indicate salt concentration and quality of pickles manufactured in Folk Villages of Sunchang region must be lowered and standardized, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.123-136
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• 2014

Bakery nutrition labeling has been implemented in the company, but most consumers have no idea about it due to lack of promotion of the product nutrition labeling information or do not have a big interest in it. As a result, various studies based on the forecast about changes in consumption patterns of the bakery market due to nutrition labeling information are needed. Especially nowadays, when buying bakery products the involvement of consumers in health and nutrition is growing. So, we need to understand that nutrition labeling information makes any causal relationship between consumer attitude and confidence, purchasing behavior in bakery products. It can be said to be a very important research. For that reason, I think this research will help to settle and activate the nutrition labeling information system for the rational purchasing decisions of consumers in the bakery market. In addition, this research could be a base material for various marketing strategies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.43-54
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• 2015

This study examines how consumer value and conspicuous consumption tendency influence attitudes and purchase intention toward fashion cause-related marketing products. Survey questionnaires were distributed to 326 women in their 20's to 50's living in Seoul January 2012. The instruments included measurements of consumer value, conspicuous consumption tendency, attitude toward fashion cause-related marketing products, intention to purchase fashion cause-related marketing products, and demographics. Factor analysis, correlations, and multiple regressions were conducted using SPSS 12.0. The results of this research are as follows. Consumer value affected attitude toward fashion cause-related marketing products as well as intention to purchase products. Those with a higher conspicuous consumption tendency showed a higher intention to purchase fashion cause-related marketing products, regardless of attitude toward fashion CRM products. This indicates that and association with famous prestige brands will increase the possibility of success of cause-related marketing products. The research helps establish a marketing strategy to launch new fashion cause-related marketing products by discovering the relationships between consumer consumption patterns and attitudes toward fashion cause-related marketing products.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.1 s.59
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• pp.59-68
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• 2005

In 20th century, that is the times of mass production with mass consumption, a company supplies standard product by the system of mass production line. Therefore, the company, itself, had to introduce its product quality to the customers. It was the buying criterion of consumer against product. In that period, a company utilized its identity in order to give customers product information such as product value, price and quality, etc. However, as digital technology with the wide-spread of informationalization & technical revolution is developed, products have diversification and customers have better incomes. So, buying method tends to thi purchase of self-satisfaction generally. In the buying criterion of consumerbased on personality & sensibility, a company must offer the buying criterion of product which can appeal the special quality & image of product itself to customers, and it must stop appealing the Cl of company under the condition of mass production by product quality and function. This study tried to focus on the method which can create effective brand and its image that are the buying criterion of new product. Also, this study tried to find the effective relation between economical & social paradigm which is the result of social informationalization with intensive knowledge, and buying determination of customer, And, this study tried to present guideline of effective brand image and brand special Quality that is affected to buying determination of customers together. The model of Positive analysis had two types. The first model studied the mutual relation between economical/social change factors and special quality of brand. And, the second model studied the mutual relation between the cause of special quality of brand and formation of brand image through regression analysis. Therefore, the construction of sensitive brand image for forming brand must be requested. The sensitive brand image is highly related to preference of sensibility, and it must be based on mind identity & visual identity. And, mind identity must have creation of value, satisfaction, combination of community, personal preference, etc. Visual identity must have esthetic order, and originality of molding, etc. Namely, brand image must form the accommodation of era change, personality & sensibility satisfaction, the effectiveness of service, etc., in order to create effective brand image.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.55-77
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• 2011

This study investigate the interaction effects of bundle price discount framing and message framing on consumer's attitude of bundle component. Although each effect of bundle price discount framing and message framing has been explored individually, few attempts have been made to invest them jointly. This study tests the interaction effects of bundle price discount framing and message framing on consumer's evaluation of bundle component. Moreover, this research focuses on consumer's evaluation of individual bundle component while the existing research on bundling primarily focused on consumer's evaluation of the bundle. Prior research suggests that consumers are sensitive to the framing of prices and discounts in the presentation of the bundle offer. For example, there is considerable evidence that partitioning or consolidating the prices of a bundle can influence the attractiveness of the bundle offer. Similarly, there is evidence that an equivalent price reduction to the overall bundle, one of the individual products in the bundle, or distributed among the individual products in the bundle can alter the perceived attractiveness of the offer (e.g. Chakravarti, Krish, Paul, and Srivastava 2002; Hamilton and Srivastava 2008; Janiszewski and Cunha 2004; Johnson, Herrmann and Bauer 1999; ; Morwitz, Greenleaf, and Johnson 1998; Yadav 1994; 1995). In line with these earlier research, this research suggests that the bundle type can influence the consumer's evaluation of bundle component. There are two types of bundle - mixed-leader bundle and mixed-joint bundle. In mixed-leader bundling, the price of one of the two products is discounted when the other product is purchased at the regular price. In mixed-joint bundling, a single price is set when the two product are purchased jointly. This study supposes that the teeth whitening product is the leader product in a mixed-leader bundle. So bundle price discount framing is manipulated such as "Buy the teeth whitening product (regular price \80,000) and get 50% discount on the functional toothpaste(regular price \40,000), special set price \100,000" or "Buy the functional toothpaste and the teeth whitening product as a set and get discount for the set, special set price \60,000". Message framing is manipulated through the product claims described in an advertising bill. The positive framing presents that "Over 95% of users achieved the expected 2-3 shades of improvement in two weeks" where as the negative framing presents "less than 5% of users did not achieve the expected 2-3 shades of improvement in two weeks". This study uses hypothetical brand name of the teeth whitening product and the functional toothpaste This study is based on a 2x2 factorial design with bundle discount framing (mixed-leader bundle vs. mixed-joint bundle) and massage framing (positive vs. negative). The dependant variables are consumer's perceived quality and attitude of the teeth whitening product The data reveals that two dependant variables are correlated, so the data is analyzed with two-way MANOVA. This research explores the significant interaction effect of bundle discount framing and message framing on consumer's perceived quality and attitude of the teeth whitening product. When the message framing is positive, consumer's perceived quality and attitude of the teeth whitening product is higher in mixed-leader bundle than mixed-joint bundle condition. However, when the message framing is negative, consumer's evaluation is higher in mixed-joint bundle than mixed-leader bundle. The author explains this result by stating that consumers are less likely to use heuristics such as price-quality association and value discounting hypothesis(Raghubir 2004) in the negative message framing condition. Additionally, consumer's perceived risk of the teeth whitening product in the negative message framing condition can be more reduced by the bundle partner(e.g. the toothpaste) in mixed-joint bundle than mixed-leader bundle. Based on the results, marketing managers are advised to use different bundle type based on message framing of their product.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2002.07d
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• pp.2653-2655
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 UWB(Ultra Wide Band width)기술인 임펄스 기술을 이용하여 초광대역 지반탐사 레이다를 개발하였다. 국내에서 사용되는 지반탐사 레이다는 대부분 수입품에 의존하고 있으며 이는 국내의 토양환경이나 측정 조건 등을 고려하지 않은 제품이기 때문에 기대만큼 만족도를 주지 못하고 있다. 따라서 국내 토양환경의 대부분을 차지하는 점토질에 대한 분석과 함께 지반탐사를 위한 최적의 주파수를 분석하고 이를 바탕으로 국내환경에 적합한 지반탐사 레이다를 개발하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 100$\sim$300MHz외 주파수 대역을 가지는 임펄스를 이용하여 지반탐사 레이다 시제품을 개발하였으며 측정결과에서 지하 50cm$\sim$1m 이내에 매설된 금속 매설물들을 모두 검출하였으며 3m 범위까지 레이더 탐지가 가능함을 확인하였다. 기능 구현시 관련 프로그램 및 측정조건 등을 모두 모듈화 하여 향후 기능개선 및 적용분야 확대에 응용이 가능하도록 하였다.