• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.170-176
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• 2008

Background: Bioprosthetic devices for treating cardiovascular diseases and defects may provide alternatives to autologous and homograft tissue. We evaluated the mechanical and physical conditions of a porcine pericardial bioprosthesis treated with Glutaraldehyde (GA), Ethanol, or Sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) before implantation. Material and Method: 1) Thirty square-shaped pieces of porcine pericardium were fixed in 0.625%, 1.5% or 3% GA solution. 2) The tensile strength and thickness of these and other bioprosthesis, including fresh porcine pericardium, fresh human pericardium, and commercially produced heterografts, were measured. 3) The tensile strength and thickness of the six treated groups (GA-Ethanol, Ethanol-GA, SDS only, SDS-GA, Ethanol-SDS-GA and SDS-Ethanol-GA) were measured. Result: 1) Porcine pericardium fixed in 0.625% GA the thinnest and had the lowest tensile strength, with thickness and tensile strength increasing with the concentration of GA solution. The relationship between tensile strength and thickness of porcine pericardium increased at thicknesses greater than 0.1mm (correlation-coefficient 0.514, 0<0.001). 2) There were no differences in tensile strength or thickness between commercially-produced heterografts. 3) Treatment of GA, ethanol, or SDS minimally influenced thickness and tensile strength of porcine pericardium, except for SDS alone. Conclusion: Porcine pericardial bioprosthesis greater than 0.1 mm thick provide better handling and advantageous tensile strength. GA fixation did not cause physical or mechanical damage during anticalcification or decellularization treatment, but combining SDS-ethanol pre-treatment and GA fixation provided the best tensile strength and thickness.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.283-293
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• 2003

Domestic water treatment plants operate the rapid and slow filtering system using the filtering sands. Most of them are composed of beach sands, which have less sorption capacity of heavy metals as well as organic contaminants. Therefore, the development of fortified functional filtering materials with high removal capacity of organic and inorganic contaminants is needed to prevent the unexpected load of contaminated source water. This study aims to test the hydrochemical change and the removing capacity of heavy metals such as Cd, Cu, and Pb on the Jumunjin sand, feldspathic sand(weathering product of Jecheon granite), feldspathic mixing sand I(feldspathic sand mixed with 10 wt% zeolite), and feldspathic mixing sand II (feldspathic sand mixed with 20 wt% zeolite). Feldspathic mixing sand I and II showed the eruption of higher amounts of cations and anions compared with the Jumunjin sand and feldspathic sand. They also showed higher eruption of Si, Ca, $SO_4$ ions than that of Al, $NO_3$, Fe, K, Mg, and P. Feldspathic mixing sand II caused higher eruption of some cations of Na, Ca, Al than feldspathic mixing sud I, which is the result controlled by the dissolution of zeolite. Jumunjin sand and feldspathic sand showed very weak sorption of Cd, Cu and Pb. In contrast to this, feldspathic mixing sand I and II showed the high sorption and removal capacity of the increasing order of Cd, Cu and Pb. Feldspathic mixing sand II including 20% zeolite showed a fortified removal capacity of some heavy metals. Therefore, feldspathic mixing sand mixed with some contents of zeolite could be used as the fortified filtering materials for the water filtering and purification in the domestic water treatment plants.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.161-167
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• 2007

In this study, we constructed and tested retrovirus vectors designed to express the human thrombopoietin gene under the control of the tetracycline-inducible promoters. To increase the hTPO gene expression at him-on state, WPRE sequence was also introduced into retrovirus vector at downstream region of either the hTPO gene or the sequence encoding reverse tetracycline-controlled transactivator (rtTA). Primary culture cells (PFF, porcine fetal fibroblast; CEF, chicken embryonic fibroblast) infected with the recombinant retrovirus were cultured in the medium supplemented with or without doxycycline for 48hr, and induction efficiency was measured by comparing the hTPO gene expression level using RT-PCR, western blot and ELISA. Higher hPTO expression and tighter expression control were observed from the vector in which the WPRE sequence was placed at downstream of the hTPO (in CEF) or rtTA(in PFF) gene. This resulting tetracycline inducible vector system may be helpful in solving serious physiological disturbance problems which have been a major obstacle in successful production of transgenic animals.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.667-676
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• 2004

Yogurt was prepared from skim milk added with 1, 2, 4 or 6% of rice- or skim milk powders and commercial lactic acid bacterial starters. Changes in pH, titratable acidity, viable cell counts, viscosity, organic acid contents and carbohydrates during fermentation were monitored and its sensory evaluation was also performed. The optimum level of additives such as rice- and skim milk powders for yogurt manufacture was selected. Fermentation properties of yogurt added with rice and skim milk powders were studied. The control yogurt reached pH 4.5 after 10 hours of fermentation, whereas the samples added with 4 or 6% rice powders reached pH 4.5 in 6 hours and those added with skim milk powder reached in 8 hours. After 4 hours of fermentation, the control yogurt reached a titratable acidity at 1.0 %, whereas other samples exceeded 1.0%. After 4 hours of fermentation, the viable cell counts in the samples added with 4% rice powders were the highest. At the level of 4% rice powders, the curd viscosity decreased. Except for the sample added with 6% skim milk powders, all the samples produced higher lactic acid during fermentation, and galactose level in yogurt was the highest when added with 4% rice powder or 6% skim milk powder. In overall sensory evaluation using 5 parameters, the sensory scores of all the yogurts were not significantly different. However, the sample added with 4% skim milk powders was the best for color and overall acceptability. The sample added with 4% rice powders was the best for the flavor and texture. From this experiment, the optimun level of additives such as rice or skim milk powders was selected to be 4%.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.50-55
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the shelf-life and quality of breads made with 0.5, 1 and 2% of Myagropsis myagroides fermented ethanol extracts (MOE). The total microbial count in breads made with 2% MOE decreased to about 1.6 log cycles as compared to that of breads not containing MOE. The protection index measured by rancimat increased with an increase in the quantity of MOE in the breads. During the storage period, the pH value was not different between breads containing MOE and breads not containing MOE. The lightness and redness of the breads decreased with an increase in the quantity of MOE, while the yellowness increased. In the sensory evaluation, the breads containing 0.5% MOE were more preferred than the breads not containing MOE. These results suggest that the addition of 0.5% MOE to breads has a good effect on improving the shelf-life and overall quality.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.23-30
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• 2008

This study implicated that the CBT-AK5 purified from Lactobacillus casei (LAFTI L26) which showed antitumor activity in ICR mice. Hence, ICR mice were inoculated intraperitoneally Sarcoma-180 as well as CBT-AK5. Then we observed the life span and tumor increment of those ICR mice. Here our studies showed effect on two different way of treatment as intraperitoneally and orally treated in Sarcoma-180 infected ICR mice. We found that intraperitoneally treatment of Sarcoma-180 and CBT-AK5 is more effective than orally fed. The life span of the ICR mice were highly reduced after the inoculation of Sarcoma-180. Those effects like increment of body weight, the growth of ascites and solid were inhibited significantly after the treatment of CBT-AK5 in Sarcoma-180 infected ICR mice. Finally these studies suggested that CBT-AK5 isolated form Lactobacillus casei showed excellent antitumor activity against Sarcoma-180 infected ICR mice.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.75-82
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to establish optimized extraction conditions for Lilium bulb and Lespedeza cuneata G. Don and to investigate the storage stability of beverages containing extracts. The hot-water extract and the 60% ethanol extract had the highest DPPH radical scavenging activities as well as the highest total polyphenol content. The total polyphenol content, total flavonoid content and DPPH radical scavenging activity were the highest when the Lilium bulb extract was mixed with the Lespedeza cuneata G. Don extract at the ratio of 1:4. Storage stability of beverages was determined during storage at 10, 25, and 35℃ for 6 months. The pH was decreased from 4.15 to 4.01-4.05, while the acidity was increased from 0.60% to 0.70-0.75% after storage for 6 months. The soluble solid contents were not changed during storage of 6 months. The DPPH radical scavenging activity was decreased after 4-6 months. The Hunter b (yellowness) values decreased at 35℃ after storage for 6 months while the lightness (L) and redness (a) were not changed during storage for 6 months. The total saponin content was not remarkably changed during 2 months of storage, while it decreased after 4-6 months of storage. The flavonoid content was decreased 47% and 55% from an intial 21.7 mg/100 mL to 10.3 mg/100 mL and 12.0 mg/100 mL after 1 month of storage and then remained stable until 6 months. General bacteria and coliform group were not detected during storage for 6 months.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.20-29
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• 2002

The functional sausage added to effective extracts are prepared to carried out to investigate functional and storage characteristics. This products were stored at different temperature. The changes of pH were tended to be a little ranged from pH 6.07 to pH 6.35 in control. At the same time, the pH changes treated with plant extracts showed the same tendency as control. The treatments using natural extracts revealed a little low TBARS value during storage at 10$^{\circ}C$. The nitrite scavenging ability of extracts from pine needle were higher than those of green tea extracts, irrespective of storage temperature. The VBN content was tended to be increased as storage time goes by, irrespective of storage temperature. The treatments using plant extracts revealed a little low VBN content, compared to control during storage. The changes of total bacteria were more increased to 2.2${\times}$10$^1$∼3.2 ${\times}$ 10$\^$6/ CFU/g during storage at 30$^{\circ}C$ than 2.2${\times}$10$^1$∼3.3${\times}$10$^2$CFU/g in case of storage at 10$^{\circ}C$. The treatments using plant extracts revealed an antimicrobial activity until storage at 3 days, compared to control. The lightness of sausage color were a little more decreased gradually during storage at 30$^{\circ}C$ than those of storage at 10$^{\circ}C$. Overall, the lightness of sausage color treated with pine needle extracts were a more bright than those of control. However, the redness of sausage color treated with pine needle and green tea showed the most lowest red color, compared to control. Sensory test suggested that the changes of sausage color, flavor, texture and taste were tended to be decreased gradually. In conclusion, pine needle extract was the most effective natural resources on the basis of the functional and physico-chemical properties of sausage of sausage.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.416-423
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• 2004

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindley) extract on the acid production and growth of lactic culture in reconstituted skim milk. The supplementation level of loquat extract to reconstituted skim milk was 10％, 15％ and 20％. Reconstitued skim milk containing loquat extract was fermented by single of mixed culture of Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei. General compositions of loquat extract, changes of viable cell count, pH and titratable acidity during fermentation were determined. Chemical compositions of loquat extract were 91.5％ moisture, 0.2％ crude ash, 8.6$^{\circ}$ Brix soluble sugar, 0.34％ total acid, and 4.11 in pH. Supplementation of loquat extract stimulated acid roduction and growth of lactic acid bacteria. Among supplementation levels, a group that was fermented by a single culture of Str. thermophilus with 10％ loquat extract was shown the highest viable cell count (2.10${\times}$10$\^$9/ CFU/mL) at 12 hours after inoculation. When loquat extract was added to reconstituted skim milk at the level of 10％, all mixed cultures of lactic acid bacteria showed higher acid production and the number of viable cell count than 3 kinds of single cultures. Especially, the growth of mixed culture of Str. thermophilus and Lac. acidophilus was promoted by the addition of 10％ loquat extract. Therefore, it was suggested to manufacture the yoghurt with the addition of 10％ loquat extract and the inoculation of mixed culture of Str. thermophilus and Lac. acidophilus for on the stimulation of growth of the lactic culture.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.151-156
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• 2002

Root zone cooling, such as soil or nutrient solution cooling, is less expensive than air cooling in the whole greenhouse and is effective in promoting root activity, improving water absorption rate, decreasing plant temperature, and reducing high temperature stress. The heat transfer of a soil cooling system in a plastic greenhouse was analyzed to estimate cooling loads. The thermal conductivity of soil, calculated by measured heat fluxes in the soil, showed the positive correlation with the soil water content. It ranged from 0.83 to 0.96 W.m$^{[-10]}$ .$^{\circ}C$$^{[-10]}$ at 19 to 36％ of soil water contents. As the indoor solar radiation increased, the temperature difference between soil surface and indoor air linearly increased. At 300 to 800 W.m$^{-2}$ of indoor solar radiations, the soil surface temperature rose from 3.5 to 7.$0^{\circ}C$ in bare ground and 1.0 to 2.5$^{\circ}C$ under the canopy. Cooling loads in the root zone soil were estimated with solar radiation, soil water content, and temperature difference between air and soil. At 300 to 600 W.m$^{-2}$ of indoor solar radiations and 20 to 40％ of soil water contents,46 to 59 W.m$^{-2}$ of soil cooling loads are required to maintain the temperature difference of 1$0^{\circ}C$ between indoor air and root zone soil.