• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.442-448
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• 2013

I&C (Instrumentation & Control) system is different from information system and the security design of the two systems are also different. The modeling activity is needed based on the security control guide in order to build I&C system security control. In this paper, the role and by the security control, we designed the relationship (that is, the relation schema) between the documents for 'The system for supporting the cyber security control of I&C system design' based on the security control guide. The designed schema plans 'The system for supporting the cyber security control of I&C system' for observing the security control guide, and is used as the database and content that supports its design and implementation. The process and system of the proposed schema is utilized and designed. The design of the schema and system is intensified in the design phase with the proposed mode and supporting the I&C system cyber security design.

• Review of KIISC
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.28-34
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• 2012

원자력발전소(원전) 계측제어시스템은 원전을 안전하게 운전하기 위해 계측, 제어 및 보호, 감시 기능을 수행하는 설비로서, 2000년대에 들면서 아날로그 기술에서 컴퓨터와 데이터통신망을 기반으로 하는 디지털 기술로 변하고 있다. 디지털 기술의 도입은 원전에 많은 이점을 부여하였지만 한편으로는 최근 이란 핵시설 및 중국에서 발생한 사이버 사고를 통해 디지털 계측제어시스템이 사이버공격으로부터 취약함이 입증되었다. 이에 따라 사이버보안 기술을 도입하여 원전의 안전성을 확보하기 위한 방안이 요구되고 있다. 하지만 원전 계측제어시스템의 최상위 설계요건으로 요구되는 안전성 확보는 복잡한 기기검증 절차와 긴 시간이 요구되는 인허가 과정 등으로 인해 사이버보안 기술을 적용하는데 많은 어려움이 따른다. 본 논문에서는 원전 계측제어시스템의 특성을 살펴보고 현재 국내외에서 개발 및 적용중인 원전 사이버보안 기술동향을 소개한다.

• 한국IT서비스학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.531-536
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• 2009

원전 디지털 계측제어계통 통신망에서는 일반 산업체의 사이버보안과는 달리 안전성과 가용성, 그리고 경성실시간 조건을 매우 중시하면서도 일반 IT 분야에서 사용하고 있는 사이버보안 기술의 대부분을 수용할 것을 요구받고 있다. 사이버보안 활동은 원전 디지털 계측제어계통 통신망에서 요구하는 통신망의 성능 조건을 저해하지 않아야만 하는데, 이러한 요구 조건들은 서로 상충되는 측면들이 있다. 원전 디지털 계측제어계통 사이버보안을 위한 보안기술들이 계측제어시스템 및 이와 관련된 통신망에 적용될수록 이들의 성능은 저하될 수밖에 없기 때문이다. 사이버보안에 대한 위협이 일반 산업계는 물론 국가 핵심 기반 시설까지 확대되고 있는 현실에서 안전성이 가장 우선시되는 원전의 핵심 제어계통인 원전 디지털 계측제어계통에 대한 사이버보안 활동은 매우 주요하다. 본 논문에서는 원전 디지털 계측제어계통 사이버보안에 활동 수행에 필요한 고려사항들에 대하여 기술한다.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.839-847
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• 2011

Instrumentation & Control(I&C) System in NPP(Nuclear Power Plant) plays a important role as the brain of human being, it performs protecting, controling and monitoring safety operation of NPP. Recently, the I&C system is digitalized as digital technology such as PLC, DSP, FPGA. The different aspect of digital system which use digital communication to analog system is that it has potential vulnerability to cyber threat in nature. Possibility that digital I&C system is defected by cyber attack is increasing day by day. The result of cyber attack can be adverse effect to safety function in NPP. Therefore, I&C system required cyber security counter-measures that protect themselves from cyber threat efficiently and also cyber security design should be taken into consideration at concept stage in I&C system development process. In this study, we proposed the digital asset analysis method for cyber security assessment of I&C system design in NPP and we performed digital asset analysis of I&C system by using the proposed method.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.3451-3457
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• 2010

Cyber security assessment is the process of determining how effectively an entity being assessed meets specific cyber security objectives. Cyber security assessment helps to measure the degree of confidence one has and to identify that the managerial, technical and operational measures work as intended to protect the I&C systems and the information it processes. Recently, needs for cyber security on digitalized nuclear I&C systems are increased. However the overall cyber security program, including cyber security assessment, is not established on those systems. This paper presents the methodology of cyber security assessment which is appropriate for nuclear I&C systems. This methodology provides the qualitative assessments that may formulate recommendations to bridge the security risk gap through the incorporated criteria. This methodology may be useful to the nuclear organizations for assessing the weakness and strength of cyber security on nuclear I&C systems. It may be useful as an index to the developers, auditors, and regulators for reviewing the managerial, operational and technical cyber security controls, also.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2020.05a
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• pp.292-294
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• 2020

원자력 발전소의 계측제어시스템에 디지털 관련 기술이 적용되면서 사이버보안 위협이 증가하였고, 이에 따라 사이버보안 위협의 대응은 중요한 현안이 되었다. 하지만, 실제 운영중인 원자력 발전소에 침투 시험은 불가능하기 때문에 테스트베드를 구축 및 활용하여 사이버보안 위협을 분석해야 한다. 계측제어시스템의 비안전계통은 디지털 기반의 제어기기와 통신망이 사용되기 때문에 안전계통보다 많은 사이버보안 취약점이 존재한다. 본 연구에서는 비안전계통인 다양성보호계통을 위한 테스트베드의 구성과 취약점 확인을 위한 공격, 그리고 대처 방안에 대해 논의한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2014.04a
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• pp.368-371
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• 2014

최근 디지털계측제어시스템은 사이버위협에 매우 취약하여 사이버공격에 의해 발전소 안전에 부정적인 영향을 받을 수 있는 실정이다. 따라서 디지털계측제어시스템에 대해 주기적인 사이버보안 위험 평가가 필요하다. 이에 따라 본 논문에서는 테스트베드 구축을 통해 특정 시점에서의 사이버 위협의 침해 가능성 분석, 또는 자체적으로 사이버보안성을 평가할 수 있는 방법에 대해 제안한다. 동 연구에서 제안하는 사이버보안 위험 평가는 자산분석, 테스트베드 구축, 취약점 분석, 위협평가, 위험도분석 및 평가 총 5단계로 구성되며 각 단계의 사이버보안 활동 수행을 통해 디지털계측제어계통의 사이버보안수준이 향상될 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.639-648
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• 2015

SInce 2000, Instrumentation and Control(I&C) systems of Nuclear Power Plant(NPP) based on analog technology began to be applied to the digital technology. NPPs under construction in the country with domestic APR1400 I&C system, most devices were digitalized. Cyber security of NPP I&C systems has emerged as an important issue because digital devices compared to the existing analog equipment are vulnerable to cyber attacks. In this paper, We proposed the risk rating process of cyber security threats in NPP I&C system and applied the proposed process to the Reactor Protection System(RPS) developed through Korea Nuclear Instrumentation & Control System(KINCS) project for evaluating the risk of cyber security threats.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.53 no.8
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• pp.107-112
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• 2016

Safety Critical Instrumentation and Control Systems perform those functions to maintain nuclear power plants' parameters within acceptable limits established for a design basis events and anticipated operating occurrence to ensure safety function. Those digitalized systems shall protect inadvertent and non-malicious behavior to ensure the reliable operation of systems, known as a Secure Development and Operational Environment(SDOE). SDOE would be established through managerial and technical controls. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of Cyclic Redundancy Checksum diagnostic, which is one of technical controls for SDOE, that can confirm the integrity of software of I&C systems to establish the secure environment. The results of this assessment would be the practical implementation of design and safety review of nuclear I&C systems.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.561-570
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• 2014

Nuclear Power Plant Instrumentation and Control System(NPP I&C) which is used to operate safely is changing from analog technology to digital technology. Ever since NPP Centrifuge of Iran Bushehr was shut down by Stuxnet attack in 2010, the possibility of cyber attacks against the NPP has been increasing. However, the domestic and international regulatory guidelines that was published to strengthen the cyber security of the NPP I&C describes security requirements and method s to establish policies and procedures. These guidelines are not appropriate for the development of real applicable cyber security technology. Therefore, specialized cyber security technologies for the NPP I&C need to be developed to enhance the security of nuclear power plants. This paper proposes a cyber security technology development system which is exclusively for the development of nuclear technology. Furthermore, this method has been applied to the ESF-CCS developed by The KINCS R&D project.