• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2009

Bread made after replacement of commercial hard wheat flour with lotus leaf flour (2.5 - 7.5%, w/w) was tested for dough and baking qualities, and by sensory evaluation. The loaf volumes of bread baked with 5% and 7.5% lotus leaf flour were 87% and 80%, respectively, of control (wheat flour only); by contrast, the volume of bread baked with 2.5% lotus leaf flour was 5% greater than control. The hardness of breadcrumbs baked with 2.5% lotus leaf flour was 64.5 g on day 0, and compared with control bread, hardness increased more slowly during storage for 3 days when 5% or 7.5% lotus leaf flour was used. Moreover, dough hardness increased with increasing levels of lotus leaf flour. Lightness decreased with addition of lotus leaf flour, but redness and yellowness significantly increased, in proportion to lotus leaf flour levels. Sensory tests on 2.5% lotus leaf flour bread showed no significant difference compared with control.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.369-374
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• 2000

메밀가루를 이용한 빵을 만들기 위하여 밀가루에 메밀가루를 10,20,30%를 혼합한 반죽과 30% 메밀복합분에 글루텐, ascorbic acid 및 HPMC를 혼합한 반죽들의 amylogram, farinogram 및 extensogram의 특성을 측정하였으며 SEM을 이용한 반죽의 구조도 관찰하였다. Amylograph에 의한 호화개시온도, 최고점도 및 최고점도시의 글루텐, ascorbic acid 및 HPMC의 의해 감소하는 경향이었다. Farinograph에 의한 흡수량은 메밀가루의 참가량이 많을수록 약간씩 감소하였고, 글루텐을 첨가하였을 경우에는 증가하였으나 HPMC에 의해서는 오히려 감소하였다. 반죽형성시간은 메밀가루의 혼합비율이 높을수록 점차 짧아졌고 첨가제에 의해서는 증가하였다. Extensograph에 의한 발효특성은 메밀가루의 첨가량이 많을수록 신장도와 신장에 대한 저항도는 감소하였으나 첨가제사용에 의해 증가하였으며 특히 글루템에 의해 신장저항도와 반죽의 강도가 높게 나타났다. 또한 SEM에 으한 반죽의 구조는 메밀가루의 혼합비율이 높아질수록 규칙적인 protein matrix를 형성하지 못하고 구형의 큰 전분입자와 작은 전분입자들이 엉겨서 덩어리진 상태로 혼합되어 있었으며 첨가제에 의해 전분입자와 단백질matrix 상호간에 결합상태가 개선되었으며 특히 첨가제 중 글루템은 밀가루 반죽과 유사하였으므로 빵의 부피 및 제빵성을 향상시켜 줄 것으로 생각된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Journal of Food and Nutrition Conference
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• 2000.12a
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• pp.50.2-50
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• 2000

우리나라 전역에 자생하는 소나무의 화분은 건강 식품의 하나로 당질, 단백질, 지질 중 PUFA와 식물성 sterol류, 무기질뿐만 아니라 자연의 항생물질, 효소, 호르몬, 성장물질 및 미지의 유효물질들을 다량 함유하고 있으며, 특히 강장작용, 심장병, 신경장애, 급만성전립선염, 동맥경화, 빈혈 및 간장해독 효과가 밝혀짐에 따라 송화가루에 대한 관심이 증대되고 있다 본 실험에서는 우리밀에 송화가루를 1%,2%,3% 첨가했을 때 제빵적성에 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위하여 반죽의 물성, 호화점도변화, 수분함량, 1차 발효손실률, 굽기 손실률, 색도, 부피 측정, 조직감, 노화도, 주사현미경 관찰, mold-free shelf-life 및 관능검사를 실시해서 최적 배합조건을 찾고자 하였다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.1506-1510
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• 2008

This research aims to analyze a die for confectionery and bakery by applying finite element technique. The design of the die was done by Solidworks and the ANSYS code for 3 dimensional finite elements was applied. A new die was designed by the results of stress, strain, and total deformation. This analytical techniques brings improved productivity and saves time in the design of a die.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.636-648
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• 2010

Two types of wild grape extracts(WGE) prepared by different methods were added into butter-top bread at different concentrations(0, 5, 10, 15, 20% of water). Then, the resulting breads were analyzed for their physicochemical and sensory properties in order to identify whether or not the WGE-enriched breads were comparable to control bread in terms of qualities and preferences. Wild grape sugar mixture(WGS), which was prepared by osmotic dehydration of wild grape fruits with the same amounts of sugar, presented significantly lower moisture content and titratable acidity as well as higher pH and sugar content compared to wild grape juice(WGJ), which was produced by boiling the fruits in a vacuum jar and squeezing. The pH of the doughs and breads containing WGE tended to decrease with increasing amounts of WGE, and this phenomenon was more appreciable in those containing WGJ than WGS. This was presumably due to the higher contents of tartaric acid in WGJ. For both types of extracts, hardness, gumminess, and chewiness of the doughs decreased with the addition of WGE, nevertheless, which properties were not remained in the resulting breads. This could be partially attributed to the relatively high degree of baking loss and lower pH of the WGE-enriched breads than those of control bread. Contrary to the mechanical analyses, the sensory properties of the breads were dependent on the WGE type. That is, WGJ-enriched bread showed lower consistency and moistness than control bread, which consequently led to relatively lower overall acceptability. However, WGS addition did not adversely affect the sensory properties of the bread. In particular, addition of 5% WGS somewhat improved the physical and sensory qualities of the bread. Thus, WGE-enriched bread could be produced without loss of bread quality when prepared with 5% WGS.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.10
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• pp.1467-1475
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• 2016

To make soft and less stale bread, various amounts of gelatinized wheat flour dough were added for making pan bread. In the dough process, higher gelatinized wheat flour dough showed higher consistency and dough development time but a lower dough stability time. Expansion during fermentation represented the highest value upon addition of 10% gelatinized wheat flour dough (GWFD), and this value decreased with increasing amount of gelatinized wheat flour dough. Volume of bread was the highest in the control and lowest in 30% GWFD, and there was no difference between 10% GWFD and 20% GWFD. Moisture contents of bread made with various amounts of gelatinized wheat flour dough increased with increasing gelatinized wheat flour dough amount. Color values of bread made with various gelatinized wheat flour dough were not significantly different. Chewiness, brittleness, and hardness of bread made with control and 10% GWFD showed low values, whereas bread made with 20% GWFD and 30% GWFD showed high values. During storage, chewiness, brittleness, and hardness increased with increasing storage period in whole breads, whereas breads made with 10% GWFD showed the lowest increasing rate. In the sensory strength test, chewy texture increased upon addition of gelatinized wheat flour dough. In the consumer acceptance test, 10% GWFD showed the most overall acceptance. In conclusion, bread made with 10% gelatinized wheat flour dough is desirable for increasing softness and decreasing bread staling.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.37-41
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• 1999

Colored rice (Suwon 45) flour was evaluated as a bread flour by the addition of 10% gluten on 3% hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose to check the processing adaptability. Both of these additives led to a successful formation of rice bread. Textural characteristics of colored rice bread crumb baked with 3% hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose revealed lower hardness and chewiness, however, the one with 10% gluten revealed the higher springiness. The retrogradation of colored rice bread during storage was not significantly different from that of wheat bread. Sensory evaluation showed that the crumb texture of bread baked with 3% hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose had softer texture and poor distribution of air-pore size but its springiness was not significantly different from that of wheat bread.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.221-227
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• 2002

Effects of adding of dandelion flour on the quality characteristics of bread were investigated. Dandelion flour was substituted at levels of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0% to wheat flour for bread making, respectively. Quality characteristics of bread such as dough yield, dough microstructure, loaf volume, bread yield, crumb color, mechanical property and sensory evaluation were analyzed. Addition of dandelion flour to wheat flour increased dough yield, loaf volume and bread yield. And, addition of dandelion flour caused a decrease in the lightness and an increase in the redness. The results of texture evaluation revealed that hardness, chewiness, springiness of bread increased as the level of dandelion flour was increased. As the addition level of dandelion flour increased, flavor balance, bitterness, aftertaste, grassy odor of bread increased but overall acceptability, moistness decreased. In conclusion, bread with 0.5% leaf powder was the best quality in bread properties.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.21 no.6 s.90
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• pp.794-799
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• 2005

The overall effects of black rice wine (BRW) on black rice bread were examined through the gluten washing test, mixograph and image analysis by Cnunbscan. Commercially produced black rice flour had a much lower amount of gluten than the strong flour However, the mixture with $30\%$(flour basis) black rice flour and $70\%$ strong flour exhibited a good indication for bread making showing $30\%$ wet gluten and $14\%$ dry gluten. In the mixogram results, the peak time showed the highest value for $10\%$ added BRW, indicating an inappropriate level at $50\%$, and the changes of tail width after 8 minutes expressed that the dough became soft and sticky with increasing addition of BRW The volume of bread was increased when BRW was added, and showed the highest value at $20\%$ BRW. In relationship between the volume and bread characteristics, volume showed a highly negative relation with crumb fineness (r=-0.678) and a positive relation with crust thickness (r=0.693).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.124-125
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• 2000

젤라틴은 척추동물을 비롯하여 무척추동물의 뼈 또는 껍질에 널리 분포하는 생체 단백질인 콜라겐의 유도 단백질로서 식품용은 물론 사진용, 캡슐제재 등의 약용 및 공업용으로 그 활용 범위가 매우 넓은 천연 단백질이다. 즉 젤라틴은 안전성이 극히 높은 식품소재로서 열가역적이면서 보수성, 콜로이드성 및 기포성 등과 같은 성질이 우수하기 때문에 젤리, 제과 및 제빵용, 유화제, 조미료, 육가공품의 품질 개량제, chewing gum의 base, 청주나 과즙 쥬스의 청징제 및 피복용 등 그 용도가 광범위하다. (중략)