• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.516-551
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• 2011

This study analysed the institutional evolution of Korea's international cooperation of science and technology (S&T) from the viewpoint of the historical institutionalism. For this, it examined Korea's institutions for international S&T cooperation by dividing the whole period from the Korean war to the present into five sub-periods; period of technology aids, technology transfer, mutual cooperation, expanded cooperation, and highly sophisticated cooperation, respectively. It, then, reviewed the evolving process and characteristics of each period. In this study, the structure (environment), the actor (government), the institution of higher rank (science & technology policy) were considered as variables influencing upon the institutions of the international S&T cooperation. Upon this assumption, this study analysed how and through what evolutionary process the international S&T cooperation institutions have evolved so far. This study obtained the following conclusions; First, the study confirmed the existence of the "institutional layering" in the institutions of the international S&T cooperation in Korea. The momentums for the change of the institutions of the international S&T cooperation stem from international environment and domestic economic environment. They influence upon economic policy, industrial policy, and S&T policy, which, together with the actor (the government), again brings about the institutional evolution of the international S&T cooperation. Second, the institutional evolution of the international S&T cooperation is taking place gradually. As mentioned above, the momentums for the change of the institutions of the international S&T cooperation originate from international and domestic macro environment. These momentums do not directly influence upon the institutions of the international S&T cooperation, rather they give indirect influence, through other related institutions, upon the institutions of the international S&T cooperation and make its gradual change or evolution. This is because the institutions of the international S&T cooperation have the "institutional layering".

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.149-155
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• 2019

In this study, the multiplicity of synchronous online class discussion activity is explored at conceptual level. From the cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT), each utterance may be considered as a product of the activity system. Alderfer's ERG theory is employed as another theoretical framework for the study. Based on the subject's existence, relationship, growth needs, their class discussion activities constitute four different dimensions: physical/biological, cultural/institutional, social/relational, and cooperative knowledge construction. It is inherent in individual activities and has a different arrangement according to their interests and situations, and at the same time acts as a factor of cooperation and competition among the participants. Through this, collective discussion activities represent complex and dynamic development patterns.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.3-13
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• 2013

School violence that have occurred recently, showing a tendency to collectivization and diverse types of violence, as well as the quality and increase the damage levels. School violence in the home, school, and social factors, but is caused by the lack of awareness about the violence and the reporting of consciousness due to poor acts of violence indirectly assisted. The only place violence has caused the school to establish the legal and institutional arrangements in order to minimize school violence have no choice but to limit its effectiveness is negligible. The problem of school violence in connection with the problem of juvenile crime prevention and control, and punishment should be made of the complex and layered. Operation and School police system, School safety keeper system, school sheriff system since 2005, each municipality in order to minimize school violence, but have no practical help to limit the visible and symbolic effects. Nonexistent professional staff of the institution or school safety monitors emphasis on monitoring the physical state of the system in the form of 'guards' departure inherently have limitations. Also, to prevent criminal acts or violence in the state is not given special privileges and the appropriate role for the school keeper is a problem with the system. Report no other role can not be expected. Should therefore be preceded by a systematic improvement and training of experts in order to prevent school violence, and home and school, in terms of social support and measures.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.129-162
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• 2012

This study analyzed the institutional characteristics of large scale national R&D policies in Korea. The analysis examined the continuity and change of the policy institution. It dealt with G7 Project, 21C Frontier Project, and Next Generation Growth Engine Project as the major large scale national R&D policies in Korea. The theoretical approach of this study is to the continuity and change or evolution of policy institution from the perspective of new institutionalism. Based on the theoretical analysis, it emphasized the analysis of the institutions in three different levels: macro, meso, and micro level. In the analysis, the research examined the idea of policy institution or policy goal, participants in the policy institution, and policy instruments in different levels. The outcome of the analysis shows that the policy of large scale national R&D in Korea has the institutional continuity in the macro level. In the meso level, however, the policy institution changes due to the administration change and the influence of political economic environment. In the micro level, the policy institution changes based on the symbolic influence of policy goal and the interest of bureaucrats. The research finds that the micro and meso level institutional changes cause the evolution of policy institutions and the major change of policy institution.