• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Health Promotion Conference
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• 2005.09a
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• pp.91-119
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• 2005

오타와 헌장에 따르면 건강증진은 건강형평성을 성취하는 것이다. 건강격차를 감소시키고, 모든 사람들이 건강잠재력을 달성할 수 있도록 동등한 기회와 자원이 제공되어야 한다. 또한 각 개인들은 자신의 건강에 대한 결정요인들에 대한 통제능력을 가져야 한다. 미국의 조기사망은 40%가 행동양식에 의하여, 30%가 유전적인 문제로, 15%가 사회적 환경에 의하여, 10%는 의료적 치료의 부족으로, 그리고 5%는 환경위해 물질에 대한 노출로 발생한다. 건강불평등을 발설시키는 사회적 요인으로는 경제적 요인을 들 수 있다. 이러한 요인으로 야기되는 건강불평등의 문제를 해결하여 건강형평성을 달성하기 위해서는 절대적 목표들과 평등관련 목표들이 모두 필요하다. 건강형평성은 인구집단의 건강과 함께 향상되는 것으로 나은 건강상태에 있는 사람들의 건강을 악화시키면서 건강형평성을 달성하는 것은 아니다. 각자의 관심이 형평성을 어떻게 규정하는가에 영향을 미친다. 혜택을 받은 사람들은 성과/투입의 정의를 선호하며, 소외계층은 똑같은 성과 또는 요구에 기반한 정의를 선호한다. Healthy People 2010은 미국의 국가적 예방체계를 의미하며, 가장 중요하며 예방 가능한 건강위협들을 파악하고 이러한 위협들을 감소하기 위한 목적들이 설정되어 있다. 궁극적인 목적은 건강한 삶의 질적인 면과 양적인 측면을 향상시키는 것이며, 건강불평등을 제거하는 것이다. 그러나 미국이 유럽의 국가들에 비해서 사회 프로그램에 대한 투자가 적은 이유는 재분배는 소수인종만을 위한 것이라는 믿음과, 우리는 개방되고 공정한 사회에 살고 있기 때문에 가난하다는 것은 가난한 사람들 자신들의 잘못으로 인한 것이라는 믿음 그리고 재분배를 방지하는 정치체계 때문이다. 국가기관인 CDC의 예방연구센터(Prevention Research Centers)는 지역사회 파트너들과 함께 건강증진, 질병예방, 그리고 질병과 상해로 인한 합병증을 관리하게 위한 효과적인 예방 전략을 개발하고 있다. 예방연구센터의 프로그램들은 지역사회 기반 참여연구와 소외된 계층에 중점을 두며, 다학제 간 접근방법을 활용하고, 교육기관, 공공보건기관 그리고 지역사회의 파트너들 간의 네트웍을 형성을 통한 협력관계를 강조하고 있다. 지역사회 위원회가 구성되어 있으며, 또한 근거중심 프로그램을 개발하고 있다. 이들은 건강 결정요인에 관한 연구, 형성적 연구, 개입 프로그램 및 프로그램의 확산에 관한 연구를 진행한다. UC Berkeley의 가족/지역사회 보건센터(Center for Family & Community Health)는 1993년에 설립되었다. 사업의 대상이 되는 주요 지역사회는 한국교민사회이며, 한국교민사회 자문위원회(Korean Community Advisory Board, KCAB)가 구성되어 있다. 1993년부터 2003년까지는 'Health is Strength' 사업이 시범연구사업으로 진행되었는데, 그 내용은 유방암과 자궁경부암 검진 프로그램이었다. 2003년부터 2009년까지 진행될 'Quitting is Winning'이라는 두 번째 시범연구사업은 남성들의 금연에 중점을 둔 사업이다. 'Health is Strength'는 아시아 보건서비스 및 한국교민사회 자문위원회가 함께 협력하여 진행된 사업으로, 주요 목표는 18세 이상 여성의 자궁암 조기 검진(Pap test)과 자가 유방검진 실천을 증가시키는 것이며, 50세 이상여성의 유방 임상검사와 유방 X선촬영 비율을 증가시키는 것이었다. 한 지역의 카운티에 거주하는 한국 여성들은 4년간의 개입프로그램의 대상이 되었으며, 이들을 대상으로 횡단적인 전화조사를 3번(사전, 중간, 사후)실시하였다. 개입 프로그램은 교회에서 워크샵 개최, Tell-A-Friend Form 작성하기, 포스터 및 책자 발행, 신문광고 등과 함께 자궁암 조기 검진(Pap test)과 유방 X선 촬영권을 무료로 제공하는 것으로 구성되었다. 'Quitting is Winning'은 지역사회 기반 참여 연구모형으로 한국교민사회 자문위원회는 흡연을 1순위의 사업으로 선정하였고, 근거에 기반한 금연 프로그램에 대한 연구들을 검토하여, 기존의 보편적 방법이 아닌 인터넷을 활용하는 프로그램을 진행하는 것으로 결정되었다. 이는 무작위 임상실험으로 연구대상으로 미국에 거주하는 한국인 남성흡연자 2300명을 모집하였다. 이들의 1/2은 실험군인 인터넷 프로그램 집단에, 또 다른 1/2은 대조군인 인쇄책자 집단에 무작위 할당되었다. 12개월 동안 11번의 진단이 인터넷을 통하여 진행되었으며, 참여와 참여유지에 대한 금전적인 보상이 제공되었다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.86-92
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• 2001

The current study was conducted to elucidate the optimum density of free-ranging ducks in a rice-duck farming system in terms of effects on duck behavior, and growth and yield of rice plants. Four paddy fields were used for this experiment, with 6, 9, 12 and 15 birds per plot, respectively. Ducklings at eight days of age were free ranged in experimental paddy plots (4.0 a each) on the 9th day after the transplantation of rice plants. Ducks were kept in the plot for seventy days, at which point rice plants reached the earing stage. Foraging, moving, working, resting, diving and pecking behaviors of the ducks were observed two times during the experimental period. Also, rice plant growth and yield according to the density of ducks per plot were examined. The foraging and moving behavior of free-ranging ducks in paddy fields for 12 hours during the daytime tended to be longer in the 12-bird plot, and working behavior was significantly (P<0.01) longer in the 12-bird plot than in the other three plots. The resting behavior was significantly (P<0.01) higher in the 9- and 15-bird plots than in the 12-bird plot. The frequency of moving behavior for 6 hours during the daytime in the 15-bird plot tended to be lower than that in the other three plots, but this difference was not significant. The amount of diving and pecking behavior in the 9-bird plot was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that in the other three plots, and the number of hills pecked tended to be higher with increasing of duck density. From thirty days after ducks were introduced to the paddy fields, the length of rice plants tended to be significantly (P<0.05) shorter in high free-ranging density plots as compared to low free-ranging density plots. The number of tillers per hill was not affected by the free-ranging density. The culm length of rice plants was significantly (P<0.05) shorter in the 12- and 15-bird plots than in the other two plots, however, the duck free-ranging density did not affect panicle length. The dry weight of the root of rice plants was increased with high free-ranging density, but there was no such increase in the top parts of the rice plants. The percent of rice plants badly damaged by free-ranging density tended to be lower in the order of 12-, 9-, 6- and 15-bird plots. The number of ears, ripening grains and crop yield per hill of rice plants in the 12-bird plot were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of the other three plots. Therefore, the yield of each rice plant per 10 a was significantly increased in the 12-bird plot.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.71-80
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• 1998

This study examines the levels of carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9) and cancer antigen 125(CA125) in serum and its related factors in healthy Korean population. Although CA19-9 and CA125 have been widely used tumor markers for gastroenteric cancers and ovarian cancer in Western countries, there are no information available on the serum levels of CA19-9 and CA125 in healthy population and the factors affecting the levels of these tumor markers in Korea. A cross-sectional study was performed to measure CA19-9 and CA125 among 76 healthy males and 95 healthy females in Korea. CA19-9 and CA125 were quantitated using solid-phase radioimmunoassay kits. Informations on the factors which might be related to the levels of these markers were collected by questionnaire(e.g., smoking, alcohol consumption, menstruation, oral pill use, breast-feeding history, etc.). There was no statistically significant difference in the mean of CA19-9 concentration between men(10.4 u/ml) and women(10.1 u/ml), whereas the mean of CA125 levels(11.2 u/ml) was higher in women than that(2.5 u/ml) in men. Although there was a statistically significant association between CA19-9 and average number of cigarette consumed per day(r=0.59, p=0.026) and total number of cigarettes consumed in women(r=0.74, p=0.003), the significance disappeared by multiple regression analysis after adjusting age and body mass index. Later age of menopause(p=0.035) and longer duration of breast-feeding(p=0.050) were significant predictors for CA125 levels in women by multiple regression analysis after adjusting age and body mass index. In conclusion, CA19-9 can be used as a stable tumor marker in clinical practices, however, menstruation and breast-feeding should be considered when CA125 is used in women.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.413-424
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• 2004

A paleomagnetic investigation of the Mesozoic Daedong Supergroup and the Precambrian Seosan Group in the Kyeonggi massif is carried out to elucidate the tectonic evolution of Korea under the effect of the collision between Korea and the North/South China Blocks. For the Daedong Supergroup, the characteristic direction of D/I=74.5$^{\circ}$/36.7$^{\circ}$(k=60.7, $\alpha$=5.1$^{\circ}$) after tilt correction is better clustered than that before tilt correction (D/I=61.9$^{\circ}$/52.8$^{\circ}$, k=4.4,$$\alpha$_{95}$=21.5$^{\circ}$), indi-cating that it is a primary magnetization acquired during the formation of the rock. Paleomagnetic pole position of the formation locates at 208.0$^{\circ}$E, 24.5$^{\circ}$N (n=14, K=67.5, $A_{95}$=4.9$^{\circ}$), statistically similar to those of Middle Triassic period of the SCB, revealing that the two had occupied the same tectonic unit during this period. It is observed that only 6 out of 33 sites of the Seosan Group yield remagnetized paleomagnetic direction. The rest of the sampling sites reveals severe dispersion of magnetic directions presumably due to the consequences of the collision between Korea and the North/South China Blocks. The characteristic direction of the Seosan Group is D/I=45.7$^{\circ}$/60.1$^{\circ}$(k=41.2,$$\alpha$_{95}$=10.6$^{\circ}$) and the corresponding pole is at 195.0$^{\circ}$E, 51.6$^{\circ}$N (n=6, K=20.8, $A_{95}$=12.4$^{\circ}$). Although the pole position is close to those of Jurassic period of the Kyeonggi massif and Early Cretaceous of the Kyeongsang basin. it is interpreted that the Seosan Group was remagnetized by the influence of the emplacement of the Jurassic Daebo Granite after or at the closing stage of the orogenic episode rather than under the direct effect of deformation and/or metamorphism caused by the collision.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.58-65
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• 1977

A laboratory experiment was carried out with loamy paddy soily under Hooded condition to study the effects of some pesticides on the decomposition rate of urea and the transformation of nitrogen. The pesticides used in this study are ten kinds, which are usually applicable for rice cropping. The soil was treated with 200ppm of fertilizer urea-N and different levels of pesticides and then incubated at $28{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ for two weeks. The kinds of pesticides used in this study were three kinds of herbicides (2,4-D, Machete and TOK), three kinds of fungicides (Rabcide, Neo-asozine and Phenazine) at the levels of 20,100 and 200ppm and four kinds of insecticides (Birlane, Diazinon, Sumithion and Bux) at the levels of 50,250 and 500ppm. respectively. The results obtained may be summarized as follows. 1. The treatments of herbicides and fungicides show little effect on the decomposition rate of urea at the levels of 20 and 100ppm, but by the treatment of 200ppm it was retarded markedly after one day incubation aside from Rabcide and Neo-asozine. The decomposing rate of urea was inhibited weakly by the treatment with 250ppm of Sumithion and Bux, however, 500ppm of all kinds of insecticides treated in this study brought about strong inhibitory effect (over 50%) after only one day incubation. The applied urea was disappeared nearly completely in three days in all cases with and without pesticides. 2. The production of ammonium-N was increased with the increase of pesticide concentrations gradually through two weeks and otherwise in the control sample a loss of inorganic-N resulted in about 20% extent. 3. The inhibitory effect of the all applied pesticides on_the_ nitrification under flooded condition was observed markedly and may be ordered as insecticides, herbicides and fungicides according to its inhibiting action.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.1153-1165
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• 2017

Structural equation modeling (SEM) is a basic tool for testing theories in a variety of disciplines. A maximum likelihood (ML) method for parameter estimation is by far the most widely used in SEM. Alternatively, two-stage least squares (2SLS) estimator has been proposed as a more robust procedure to address model misspecification. A regularized extension of 2SLS, two-stage ridge least squares (2SRLS) has recently been introduced as an alternative to ML to effectively handle the small-sample-size issue. However, it is unclear whether and when misspecification and small sample sizes may pose problems in theory testing with 2SLS, 2SRLS, and ML. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the three estimation methods in terms of inferences errors as well as parameter recovery under two experimental conditions. We find that: 1) when the model is misspecified, 2SRLS tends to recover parameters better than the other two estimation methods; 2) Regardless of specification errors, 2SRLS produces small or relatively acceptable Type II error rates for the small sample sizes.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.67-79
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• 2013

A meta-analysis is a statistical literature synthesis method that provides the opportunity to view the research context by combining and analyzing the quantitative results of many empirical studies. The technology acceptance model (TAM) has been the subjects of a great deal of MIS research in the last two decades and now also has been continuously studied. Recently, the convergence of knowledge information society and information telecommunication technologies has a rapid impact on politics, economics and various fields. The biggest issue in the information communication and information systems fields is smart. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis research on the behavioral intention of smart phone users based on technology acceptance model. Also, this study was targeted a total of 50 research papers that are setting up the causal relationship in TAM among the research papers published in domestic academic journals since 2005. The result of the meta analysis, showed that the effect size was 0.48 in the path from perceived usefulness to behavioral intention, it showed that the effect size was 0.46 in the path from perceived ease of use to behavioral intention. And, it showed that the effect size was 0.46 in the path from perceived ease of use to perceived usefulness. Also, it showed that the effect size was 0.61 in the path from attitude to behavioral intention. Based on the results, it was discussed the difference through comparative analysis with previous research.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.6 no.8
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• pp.184-191
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• 2006

The purpose of this case study is to understand the characteristics and implication of videojournalist's image expression techniques in the television news programs, comparing with television camera reporter's image expression techniques. Texts chosen in this thesis are 120 programs of KBS2TV 'News Time' which had been on air from July to December in 2005. Shot size, camerawork, shot duration and camera angle of the images were analysed, which had been extracted through the processes of thematic classification. The results of the analysis of thematic classification shows us that videojournalist covered mainly social, economic and cultural news items, almost completely alienated in the fields of hard news as political and health-scientific news items which were very sensitive and influential on the life of the entire people of the nation. The results of the analysis on the characteristics of image expression reveals that videojournalist used one-shot more often than the camera reporter, showing us videojournalist's preference of close news gathering, and videojournalist used following and zooming much more often than camera reporter, showing us videojoumalist's preference of mobile and dynamic cameraworks, and videojournalist used low angles more often than camera reporter, also showing us videojoumalist's preference of candid camera style news gathering.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 1982

Excessive fat deposition, particularly in the abdominal region, has become a problem in broiler production. When the caloric intake exceeds the body demands for energy, excess food is stored as fat in broilers. Researchers have shown that fat deposition varies with breed, strain, sex age, nutrition, exercise, ambient temperature and rearing systems. These factors affect fat deposition through their effects on the size or the number of adipose cells or a combination of both. In some measurements on live birds to predict body fat, the wet weight and percentage fat of skin in pectoral feather tract are significantly correlated with percentage abdominal fat. But these correlation coefficients are not so high. Therefore, correlation coefficients indicate that these measurements on live birds ate not useful for estimating body fat weight and percentage. Most reports show that an increase in the proportion of carcass fat, when measured at a given age, is correlated with selection for increased body weight. On the other hand some research results show that selection for body$.$weight gain dose not lead to an alteration in the proportion carcass fat when measured at a given body weight. Besides, selection for improved food conversion efficiency alone resulted in a decrease in carcass fat and an increase in protein and water when measured at either a given age or body weight, Thus eventhough it is uncertain whether carcass fat is increasing as a result of body-weight selection in broilers: however it is clear that selection for improved food conversion efficiency, either alone or in combination with growth rate, should result in leaner carcasses than selection for growth rate alone.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.179-184
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• 2012

The objectives of this study were to manufacture the red ginseng vinegar based on rice wine and red ginseng concentrate (RGC) using $Acetobacter$ $aceti$ and to evaluate its quality with remaining crude saponin contents and sensory score. The maximum prosapogenin (ginsenoside-Rh1, Rh2, Rg2, and Rg3) content in RGC regarding ginseng was obtained from such processes as steaming, drying, and extraction. When RGC was added into a rice wine in the range of 0-1% before acetic fermentation, pH decreased slowly during 20 days depending on RGC contents, but total acidity was not dependent on RGC contents. Compared to the crude saponin content (71.75 mg/g) of ginseng vinegar added RGC after acetic fermentation, the fermentation with RGC produced a lower crude saponin content (16.95 mg/g) in red ginseng vinegar. Sensory scores such as odor, taste, and overall preference, however, vinegar fermented with RGC were higher than those of vinegar added RGC after acetic fermentation.