• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2023.10a
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• pp.552-557
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• 2023

거대 언어 모델의 성능이 비약적으로 높아지며 인간과의 직접적인 상호 작용 과정이 가능해지고, 이에 따라 윤리 검증의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 인간이 지닌 여러 가치관 중에 정치에 초점을 둔다. 거대 언어 모델의 정치 성향이 사용자의 입력에 따라 변할 수 있는지와 하위 작업에 끼치는 영향에 대해 알아보고자 두 개의 실험을 설계하였고 이에 대한 결과를 분석하였다. 실험에는 거대 언어 모델의 정치 성향을 입력 대조군으로, 세가지 다른 입력 (탈옥 기법, 정치 페르소나, 탈옥 페르소나)을 입력 실험군으로 규정하였다. 실험 결과, 거대 언어 모델의 정치 성향은 탈옥 기법에서 가장 큰 폭으로 변화하였고, 정치 페르소나와 탈옥 페르소나에서는 변화가 크지 않아, 거대 언어 모델에 내재된 정치 성향의 영향에서 크게 벗어나지 못함을 확인하였다. 또한, 하위 작업에서의 실험을 통해 변화된 정치 성향은 하위 작업의 성능 개선을 가져올 수 있으며, 각 실험군에 따라 하위 작업에서 다른 방식의 양상을 보임을 확인하였다. 이는 실제 모델이 사용될 때 개인화된 응답보다는 모델이 선호하는 응답을 받게 되며, 거대 언어 모델의 정치 성향이 사용자에게 여과없이 노출될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.361-383
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• 2009

This study extends theoretically the expected utility model of trade-conflict developed by Polacheck if a third country is involved, and analyses empirically how trade between North Korea and China affects to the political conflict between South and North Korea. The results of empirical analysis show that North Korea's exports to South Korea and China do not affect the conflict or cooperative relations between South and North Korea. But North Korea's imports from South Korea and China affect to the conflict between South and North Korea: increasing of North Korea's imports to South Korea reduce conflict between South and North Korea, but increasing of North Korea's imports to China increase conflict between South and North Korea.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.61-93
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• 2015

This article assesses and examines democratic potentials of the Internet for U.S. citizens' political participation. The empirical analysis on the data from Pew Research Center's questionnaire survey focuses on four different political activities in both online and offline modes: casual political talk, contact with a government official, petition, and political contribution. The study answers two research inquiries: 1) How does the Internet influence the established patterns of political participation?; and 2) How does the Internet influence the demographic distribution of participatory inequality? Firstly, the Internet, by providing existing participants with additional tools for participation, reinforces conventional participation, rather than mobilizing new participation in politics. Secondly, the online patterns of the participation divide with respect to demographic characteristics imitate the traditional patterns of inequality and disproportionate representativeness in political participation. The Internet is still not a predominant medium for political activities. Citizens' utilization of its transformative and mobilizing potentials remains limited.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.145-175
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• 2011

We analyse an overlapping generation model in which economic agents, especially their income distribution, influence environmental policy and redistributive policy through political decision making process. In an economic equilibrium which doesn't consider political process, the introduction of environmental policy is shown to increase economic growth rate. In contrast to an economic equilibrium, environmental policy can be adopted when economic inequality reduces to a certain threshold in a political economic equilibrium. The adoption of environmental policy, on the other hand, incurs the demand of strengthened redistributive policy, which in turn decreases economic growth in a short run. We discuss broad policy implications based on our political economic analyses.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.395-405
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• 2017

In this research, we analyzed the structural (influence) of citizens' political awareness and political participation on the settlement of political culture. The results are as follows. Firstly, the analysis of the relationship between the citizens' political awareness and political reliability in Hypothesis 1 showed that the higher their election sense and self-efficacy, the higher their satisfaction with and evaluation of politics. Secondly, the analysis of the relationship between the citizens' political awareness and social sense of belonging in Hypothesis 2 showed that the higher the election sense and recognition in society, the higher the social sense of belonging. Thirdly, the analysis of the influence of political reliability on political participation in Hypothesis (3) showed that the higher the political satisfaction and political assessment, the higher the positive participation in politics and negative participation in politics. Fourth, in the analysis of the influence of social sense of belonging on political participation in Hypothesis 4, it was found that the higher the citizens' social belonging awareness, the higher the positive political participation and negative political participation. Therefore, it was found that the higher the political awareness of the citizens, such as their election sense and knowledge about their politicians, the more positive were their political reliability and political participation.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.407-419
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• 2011

This study explains the knowledge transfer process by exploring the significant factors affecting knowledge transfer within an organization from a socio-political perspective. Knowledge transfer occurs in various social contexts, within individuals and groups, and, thus, is closely linked to inter-organizational politics and social network in an organization. By conceptualizing knowledge as a socio-political process, this paper applies organizational politic theory and social network theory to knowledge management area. Here the paper shows that both organizational politics and social network such as in-group and out-group's tie strength have a significant effect on knowledge transfer. In addition, the study empirically verifies that knowledge management system has a moderating effect on the in-group's tie strength and knowledge transfer.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.177-197
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• 2018

This paper aims to analyze the effects of external uncertainty on the entry modes decision of multinational firms. On the basic assumption that the entry modes of the firms are dependent on ex-ante or ex-post perceived risk, we empirically analyzed the impacts of perceived risk factors on the investment patterns of firms. We found that the larger the population, the higher the level of GDP per capita, and the larger the trade volume as a ratio of GDP resulted in increased M&A FDI and greenfield FDI. The economic growth rate variables were found to be significantly positive effect on only greenfield entry mode. Regarding the main variables, lower levels of corruption and increased stability regarding political issues resulted in the host country receiving increased M&A investment. However, we found only a positive statistical significance of the political stability variable on the explaining greenfield FDI. Results show that M&A entry mode is affected by both corruption and political instability level. However, the greenfield FDI featuring sunk costs, seems more responsive to political instability.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.197-204
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• 2010

새만금사업, 신행정수도(행정중심복합도시, 세종시), 한반도 대운하사업(4대강 살리기사업) 등과 같은 대형국책사업은 대통령 선거공약으로 제시되었다. 그러한 대형국책사업이 국가의 이익을 위해 꼭 필요한 것으로 제시되었다 하더라도, 그 결과는 좋은 의도와는 다르게 나타날 수도 있다. 대통령 선거후 환경정책기본법과 환경영향평가법에 따라 대형국책사업에 대한 사전환경성검토(전략환경평가)와 환경영향평가가 이뤄졌지만, 예상하지 못했던 정치적, 사회경제적, 환경적 갈등이 발생하였다. 이러한 개발 및 환경 갈등의 원인은 여러 측면에서 찾을 수 있겠지만, 사회경제적 항목을 중심으로 하는 사회영향평가의 미흡을 그 원인으로 제시하는 연구가 많다. 대규모 국책사업을 둘러싼 개발 및 환경 갈등을 해소하기 위해, 우리나라와 외국의 사회영향평가의 현황과 연구 동향을 고찰하고, 국책사업의 주요 쟁점의 분석을 통하여 사회영향평가의 중요성과 필요성을 강조하였다. 그리고 사회영향평가의 도입, 강화, 지침 마련에 대해 다음과 같이 제안하였다. 첫째, 현재의 사전환경성검토(전략환경평가)시에 사회적 통합, 경제적 측면(B/C분석, 비용, 고용 등), 법제적 측면, 한반도 통일이나 국가균형발전 등과 같은 사회경제적 항목을 평가항목에 추가함으로써 사회영향평가를 도입하고; 둘째, 환경영향평가 시에 공공시설, 교육, 교통, 문화재, 경제적 타당성, 고용, 토지이용을 현재의 사회경제평가항목에 추가시켜 사회영향평가를 보다 강화시키고; 셋째, 한국의 환경적, 정치적, 경제적, 사회적, 문화적 상황을 반영하여(사회영향평가의 원리와 지침(가칭))을 마련하도록 한다.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.285-293
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• 2021

Politics and conflicts within organizations are natural phenomena found in any type of organization, affecting organizational outcomes and output variables. Nevertheless, there are not many previous studies on politics and conflict within nursing organizations. Therefore, in this study, we would like to analyze how the internal politics and conflicts, which have been excluded from the previous studies related to nursing organizations, affect the quality of communication between nurses. Data were collected from 310 nurses in an university hospital. Using SPSS21, the data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple regression analyses. As results of the analyses, the organizational politics and relationship conflict have negative effect on the quality of vertical and horizontal communication, and task conflict has a positive effect on them. Organizational politics and relationship conflict have negative effects on quality of formal communication. Organizational politics and conflicts did not significantly affect the quality of informal communication. These results suggest that active, managerial efforts should be executed to overcome the negative effects of organizational politics and emotional conflicts among nurses. Furthermore, empirical research on organizational politics and conflicts within nurses organizations should be expanded.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.44-45
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• 2000

제주도 연안의 정치망 어업은 대모망, 소대망, 및 각망어구를 이용하고 있는데 이 어업에 대한 면허건수는 총 63통으로 이중 각망이 93％를 차지하고 있다. 정치망어업은 지역적인 환경의 영향을 크게 받는 어업으로, 특히 지리적인 특성이 해황의 변동과 더불어 내유어군의 접근과 이동에 직접적으로 영향을 끼친다(야재, 1971). 그리고 어장환경이 잘 갖추어진 어장이라도 정치망 어구 구조에 따라 어획이 변동한다고 한다(소지, 1972). (중략)