• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.69-81
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• 2021

Pakistan is a South Asian auspicious developing country. Based on the corruption perception index report 2020 by transparency international, Pakistan has ranked 124 with total scores of 31 globally and 188 ranks with a score of -2.25 in terms of political stability ranging from 0 (lowest) to 100 (highest). More crucially, the inflow of foreign direct investment toward Pakistan has declined between 2008 and 2019. Though political instability and government corruption have both positive and negative linear relationships with foreign direct investment, we tested the moderating impact of government corruption between political instability and inward foreign direct investment over time. We also tested the relationship between political instability and inward foreign direct investment in different phases of political regimes in the same country. Our results suggested that authoritarian regimes attracted more inward foreign direct investment than that during democratic periods of government. Furthermore, we found that there was low inward foreign direct investment when government corruption was high in the country. However, government corruption weakened the positive relationship between political instability and inward foreign direct investment (FDI).

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.48
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• pp.361-389
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• 2017

This essay examines 'precarity politics' by Judith Butler, a well-known gender theorist and queer philosopher, in Notes Towards a Performative Theory of Assembly (2015) focused on concepts as unchosen cohabitation of Hannah Arendt and unwilled proximity of Emmanuel Levinas. Butler's precarity politics is the condition of our dispossessed political beings with fundamental vulnerability and interdependency that cannot choose with whom we will live on this Earth. Butler's political ethics is twofold: on one hand, she examines significance of 'action'' the most significant vita activa in the public area, and 'plurality'' the condition-not only the necessary condition but the possible condition-for a political life suggested by Hannah Arendt in Human Condition; on the other hand, Butler reflects upon global precarity based on a diasporic precarious life in the social world towards freedom and equality. Unchosen cohabitation of plural humans on Earth, and global pervasion of precarity, that indicates "politically induced condition in which certain populations suffer from failing social and economic networks of support and become differentially exposed to injury, violence, and death," so called "differential distribution of precariousness," are practical possibilities of ethical and equal cohabitation of different ethnic groups in the social world. Ethical obligations or ethical demand to respond to others' suffering in distance and proximity originated from precarity politics, mentioned in Precarious Life, Parting Ways, and Frames of War, could be non-foundational joint of plural people living together globally. We should presume the 'reversibility' of distance and proximity in others' suffering, based on responsiveness and responsibility of others, if we want to stay attuned to the pain of others we never chose to live together. That is the significance of Butler's 'precarity politics' with 'ethical obligation' to accept 'unchosen plurality' of living population on Earth, and 'reversibility between of distance and proximity,' in her 'new plural and embodied body politics' or 'new corporeal ontology', through human primary vulnerability, fundamental interdependency, being exposed and responsive to suffering of others.

• Korean Journal of Legislative Studies
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.131-158
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• 2009

20 years has passed since June democratization movement of 1987 that made the representative system worked democratically on the basis of free election politics. So far, democratic movement bloc has been elected to government power at least two times. Conservative bloc of old ruling forces made a peaceful re-turn-over and grasped the government power. It looks that electoral democracy has been working very well. But people's distrust in Korean politics is not decreasing. Recently, crisis of representation is discussed. Korean representative system faces the dual tasks. One originates from the delay of institutional reform, another from the change of political circumstances. This paper diagnose the Korean representative democracy of today, focusing on those dual tasks. Especially, it is proposed to reform the present Korean presidentialism of winner-takes-all power structure. It is also to resolve the problem of Korean parliamentary politics deeply depending on the presidency.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.24_1
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• pp.145-208
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• 2014

아시아 국가들은 근대사에 들어 서양 제국주의와 식민지주의로 인해 정치·사회적 과도기를 경험하였다. 지역종교들도 이러한 영향에서 예외는 아니었는데 19-20세기에 나타난 신종교들이 그 좋은 사례들이다. 한국도 이러한 지구적인 현상에 포함되었다. 주변국들의 문화적 계몽주의와 조선왕조의 쇄국정책 사이의 정치적 혼란은 방향 감각 없는 국가적 위기를 초례했고, 정치·사회적 부패와 국가적 불안정은 중·하류층 시민들로 하여금 고통스러운 삶을 극복하기 위해 새로운 진리나 믿음을 찾게 동요하였다. 근대사에 근원을 둔 대순진리회는 한국에서 가장 영향력 있고 성공적인 신종교일 뿐 아니라 현대사회의 기존 종교들에게도 많은 도전을 주고 있다. 그렇다면 이 신종교운동의 근원은 어디에 있을까? 그들의 교리나 가르침은 어떤 것일까? 다른 신종교적 현상들과 어떻게 구별될까? 이 논문은 창시자인 강증산의 역사적인 출현과 업적을 "성취관념"에서 분석해 볼 뿐 아니라 대순진리회가 기존의 유교, 불교, 도교의 가르침을 단순히 혼합한 것이 아니라 음양합덕, 신인조화, 해원상생, 도통진경의 특유한 가르침들은 미륵사상, 천지공사, 인존사상과 함께 그들의 최고신인 구천상제가 후천세계를 위해 성취한 완전한 미션을 반영하는 창조적인 사상임을 논증할 것이다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.264-276
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• 2023

Purpose: Food environmental factors related to food insecurity affect household food intake in several socio-ecological aspects. This study explores the relationship between food environment factors and food insecurity in households with married immigrant women. Methods: From November 2018 to February 2020, a survey was conducted enrolling 249 married immigrant women residing in the metropolitan areas of South Korea. In the final analysis, 229 subjects were divided into 2 groups classified as food security (n = 154) and food insecurity (n = 75), as assessed by the score of food security. Three aspects of food environments were measured: built·natural, political·economic, and socio-cultural Results: Food environments were significantly different between food security and food insecurity groups, as follows: the number of foods market and their distance from the home and food status for the last week at home in the built·natural domain; monthly cost of food purchase and experience for food assistance in the political·economic domain; total score of social support, parenting, and cooking skills in the socio-cultural domain. A stepwise multivariate linear regression model showed a negative association between the food insecurity score with social support from family and food inventory status in the last week. After adjusting for confounders, a positive association was obtained between the experience of a food support program. The final regression model explains about 30% of the relationship obtained in the three food environment domains and food insecurity (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Not only economic factors, which are common determinants of household food insecurity, but socio-cultural factors such as social support also affect household food insecurity. Therefore, plans for implementing a food assistance program to improve food insecurity for households with immigrant women should consider financial support as well as other comprehensive aspects, including socio-cultural domain such as social support from family and community.

• Korea Petroleum Association Journal
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• no.9 s.175
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• pp.38-41
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• 1995

‘94년중 북한경제는 석탄, 전력 등 성장선행부문의 성장이 부진했던 데다가 핵문제 등으로 인한 대외 경제협력 환경의 악화, 김일성 사망 이후의 정치사회적 불안정 등으로 산업생산이 전반적으로 부진하여 실질 GNP가 1.7% 감소하였음.(5년 연속 부의 성장을 기록) ’94년중 북한의 경제규모를 우리나라와 비교해 보면 명목 GNP는 212억달러로 한국(3,769억 달러)의 1/18수준, 1인당 GNP는 923달러로 한국(8,483달러)의 1/9 수준에 머물러 전년에 비해 경제력 격차가 더욱 확대되었음. 또한 산업구조면에서 북한은 농림 어업 광업 등 원시산업부문의 비중이 우리나라보다 크게 높은 반면 건설업과 제조업, 서비스부문 등의 비중은 우리나라보다 낮은 것으로 나타남.

• 정보화사회
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• s.97
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• pp.10-13
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• 1995

올해는 정치, 사회적인 측면에서 대사건의 연속으로 그 어느해보다 다사다난했던 한해였다. 이러한 불안정한 상황가운데서 경제도 일단 우여곡절을 겪긴 했지만 지난해에 이어 호황국면이 지속됐다고 할 수 있다. 특히 정보통신산업은 WTO체제의 공식출범상황하에서 시장개방에 대비한 다각적인 노력이 전개되었다. 초고속정보통신 기반구축 사업의 본격추진, 통신시장의 경쟁체제도입, 케이블TV 및 지역민방 개국, 인터넷 및 PC통신의 확산, 무궁화 위성 발사 등과 같은 정보화사회로의 급진전이 이루어진 것도 그러한 노력에 따른 성과라 하겠다. 그러면 올해 정보통신산업 주요 부문에서 일어났던 의미있는 변혁과 발전을 돌이켜보므로써 향후의 발전방향에 대해 생각해보는 기회를 갖고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.96-103
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• 1995

의류산업의 효율성 (efficiency) 제고를 위한 중요한 결정의 한가지는 상품생산지 및 생산방법 즉 생산지 결정전략(sourcing strategy)에 관한 것이다. 점차 생산의 대상지역과 방법이 다양해짐에 따라 이는 복잡한 의사결정체계를 요하게 퇸다. 본 연구는 생산지 결정의 의사결정과정에서 흔히 중요시되는 생산비용 이외에 비생산비용, 즉 거래비응(transaction cost)으로 포현될 수 있는 인자를 분석하고자한다. 이를 위해 미국 의류, 신발 산업의 생산지 결정의 첫단계로서 해외기지생산과 국내생산의 문제점을 비교하였다. 의류산업과 신발산업에 있어 적시공급과 품질관리가 생산지에 관계없이 공통된 문제점으로 지적되었고 의류산업의 겋우 노동력 부족과 재료의 공급이 국내생산의 문제점으로, 오랜생산기일과 생산국가의 환경적요소(예를 들면, 정치적 불안정, 정부규제 등)가 해외기지생산의 특이한 문제점으로 지적되었다. 본 연구는 비국의 의류, 신발 산업을 대상으로 한 것이나, 최근 저가의 노동력을 찾아 동남아 또는 남미로 생산지를 이전하는 국내 의류, 신발업체들이 급격히 증가하고 있음을 감안할 때, 우리 산업에도 시사하는 바가 크다고 할 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.580-599
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• 2013

After the unification of Three Kingdoms, Silla Dynasty had been on the prosperity with continuous population growth during approximately 120 years. However, Unified Silla Dynasty experienced 11 times of famine and bad year by frequent droughts during 50 years since the late 8th century, and these caused to political, economic and social changes. It is evident that Silla Dynasty slowly declined by the droughts and famines, although ancient records described as still on glory days. Since then, national power of Unified Silla Dynasty was abruptly weakened by migration of residents, and 9 times of rebellion or revolt occurred during 50 years in the late 9th century. As a result, political and social agitations reached the maximum. These led to the collapse of the Unified Silla Dynasty, and King Gyeongsoon handed over the dynasty to King Wanggeon, a founder of Goryeo Dynasty. These resulted from the 500-year-cycle droughts and human activities that seriously devastated the vegetations by using trees as an energy source for hundreds of thousands people during several centuries. The devastation of vegetation destroyed farm lands and led to large changes in river and groundwater systems, and eventually, increased damages by droughts.

• Korean Journal of Labor Studies
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.1-28
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• 2018

Now labour policy of Moon Jae-in Administration is very different from the labour reform politics of the past ages in its structural conditions. Especially the difference is in the fact that the new labour policy is originated from the Candlelight Revolution in 2016 which has resisted to the 20years-long neoliberal domination. This kind of change in the political situation made a optimistic prediction with regard to the possibility of successful labour reform. However the future is in many points so uncertain that we could not confirm the success of labour reform at all. The uncertainty always resides in the structural unbalance between labour movement power and capitalist state power bloc in Korea. In this sense strategical orientation and practices of the democratic labour movement(KCTU) are very critical to produce some positive outcomes.