• Title/Summary/Keyword: 정자수

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Effect of Extracellular $Ca^{2+}$ and $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase on the Acrosome Reaction of Spermatozoa (세포외 $Ca^{2+}$$Ca^{2+}$-ATPase가 정자의 첨체반응에 미치는 영향)

  • Yung-Keun Oh;Jae-Ho Chang;In-Ho Choi;Noh-Pal Jung;Hyung-Cheul Shin;Byoung-Ju Kwak
    • Biomedical Science Letters
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.27-33
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    • 1998
  • This study has been designed in order to examine a physiological role of $Ca^{2+}$ which has been known as an essential factor for capacitation, to confirm whether the enzyme activity of $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase on capacitation is important or not, and to clarify relationship between various levels of the $Ca^{2+}$ concentration and $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase which has been known to be an important factor of the plasma membranes. In the present study applying quercetin, a $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase inhibitor, the enzymatic effect of $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase on capacitation was found to be remarkable: a significant increase of the transition from the original type (type A) to the type B and the type AR of the spermatozoa. This finding suggests that $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase plays an important role in the efflux and the influx of the $Ca^{2+}$ which has been known to be an essential factor the capacitation and acrosome reaction, and that the inhibitory action of the $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase might be a prerequsite step toward the acrosome reaction. The conclusion reached can be deduced as follows: increment of the intracelluar $Ca^{2+}$ concentration occurred by controlling the slope of $Ca^{2+}$ concentration through $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase activities in both the intra- and extracelluar fluid may be an important procedure for capacitation and acrosome reaction, and ultimately for fertilization of the spermatozoa and the ova.

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Effects of a Herb Drug Extracts on Mitigation of Reproductive Toxicity after a Continuous Dose of Dioxin in Mice (생약재제가 Dioxin의 연속투여 후 생식독성의 완화에 미치는 영향 관한 연구)

  • 김상근;김민수
    • Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.241-248
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    • 2000
  • In this study, we examined the number and motility of sperms, and also observed the changes in testes weight, and histological changes of several organs after 5 days of a continuous administration of dioxin (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) of per oral administration of a herb drug extracts, which were administerated altermate days, to elucidate the effects of the a herb drug extracts on reproductive toxicity of dioxin. 1. The sperm numbers of dioxin-administered groups were 90.7$\pm$3.6~l18.5$\pm$3.6$\times$10/suup 6/$m\ell$ and 67.3$\pm$4.1~88.2$\pm$3.3$\times$10$^{6}$ $m\ell$ for 10~20 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg and 30~40 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg dosages of dioxin-administerated groups, respectively. Each dioxin-administered group showed prominently lower value than that of control group's which was 119.3$\pm$3.4~120.2$\pm$4.7 $\times$ 10$^{6.}$$m\ell$. 2. The sperm motility of each dioxin-administered group's also showed lower value than that of control group's which was 93.6$\pm$3.8~94.9$\pm$3.4%. The sperm motility of each dioxin-administerated group were 77.0$\pm$4.7~89.5$\pm$3.6% and 66.5$\pm$3.3 ~79.9$\pm$3.8% for 10~20 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg and 30~40 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg dosages of dioxin-administerated groups, respectively. 3. The sperm numbers of each group, which was administered a herb drug extracts, were 77.4$\pm$3.2~90.9$\pm$3.4$\times$10$^{6}$ $m\ell$, 78.0$\pm$3.3~105.0$\pm$4.2$\times$10$^{6}$ $m\ell$, 76.2$\pm$2.8~84.4$\pm$3.5$\times$10$^{6}$ $m\ell$ and 75.4$\pm$3.3~80.2$\pm$3.3$\times$10$^{6}$ $m\ell$ for extracts of green leaf, red ginseng, Kugija and Oume-administered groups respectively. And the sperm motility of each group were 63.4$\pm$3.8~77.0$\pm$4.0%, 65.5$\pm$4.1~87.4$\pm$3.8%, 64.3$\pm$4.2~69.8$\pm$4.2%, 66.3$\pm$3.9~66.0$\pm$4.0% for extracts of green leaf, red ginseng, Kugija and Oume extracts-administered groups, respectively. 4. The number and motility of sperm of control group were 119.3$\pm$3.4~120.2$\pm$4.7$\times$10$^{6}$ $m\ell$ and 93.0$\pm$3.5~96.1$\pm$3.5%, respectively. Red ginseng extracts- administered group seemed to be recovered than my other groups, and the green leaf extracts-administered group was shown to be the next. The Kugija and Oume extracts-administered groups didn't show to be recovered much. 5. Most a herb drug extracts-administered group except the red ginseng-administered group displayed prominently lower values of testes weights than that of control group's which was 0.15$\pm$0.01~0.16$\pm$0.01g. The red ginseng extracts-administered group seemed to be recovered conspicuously. 6. After 5 days of a continuous administration of 30 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg dosage of dioxin followed by 3 weeks of per oral administration of green leaf, red ginseng, Kugija, or Oume extracts, histological findings showed that the liver, spleen, and testis of most a herb drug extracts-administered groups were damaged severely. By the way, the testes of red ginseng extracts-administered group seemed to recover compared to the other group's.ompared to the other group's.

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Correlation of Oocyte Quality with Fertilization and Embryonic Development in Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Treatment (세포질내 정자주입술 시행시 난자의 상태에 따른 수정률과 배아의 발생양상)

  • 임천규;전진현;송상진;김정욱;강인수
    • Development and Reproduction
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    • v.2 no.2
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    • pp.213-221
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    • 1998
  • Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has been widely used to treat couples with infertility due to severely impaired sperm charateristics and for whom conventional in-vitro fertilization (IVF) had failed. The extent to which the morphology of the oocyte at the light microscopy level is related to the results of ICSI vis controversial. In this study, oocytes from 44 patients were reviewed. The ICSI procedure was recorded through CCD camera. The oocytes were divided into five groups according to the presence of cytoplasmic inclusions, the width of perivitelline space (PVS), the presence of cell debris in PVS, the status of first polar body and the flexibility of oolemma. The results showed that the fertilization rate and embryonic development were not associated with the morphological criteria of oocyte. The degeneraton rate of oocytes after ICSI was significantly higher (P<0.001) in the oocytes whose membranes were broken at the moment of insertion (17.7%) than the oocytes whose membranes were broken by aspiration of cytoplasm (1.6%). More oocytes with cytoplasmic inclusions (48.4% vs. 25.1%, p<0.001), wide PVS (35.2% vs. 19.0%, p<0.001), or cell debris in PVS (53.3% vs. 38.4%, p<0.05) were observed in patients with female factor infertility compared to patients with male factor infertility. These results .suggest that the fertilization rate and embryonic development after ICSI are not correlated with oocyte morphology based on the presence of cytoplasmic inclusions, size of PVS, the presence of cell debris in PVS and the status of polar body. And the degeneration rate of oocytes after ICSI was associated with the flexibility of oolemma.

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Ultrastructural Study on the Development of Male Germ Cell of the Olive Flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) (넙치 (Paralichthys olivaceus)의 웅성생식세포 발달에 관한 미세구조적 연구)

  • Kim, Jae-Won;Kim, Bong-Seok;Choi, Cheol-Young;Lee, Jung-Sick
    • Applied Microscopy
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    • v.33 no.3
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    • pp.243-250
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    • 2003
  • Ultrastructural changes of the male germ cells and structure of spermatozoa in Paralichthys olivaceus were examined by means of the light and transmission electron microscopes. The spermatogonium has a large nucleus with a single nucleus with a single nucleolus in the interphase. Primary spermatocytes are identified by the formation of the synaptonemal complex in the karyoplasm. The secondary spermatocytes are more concentrated and contains numerous cell organelle in the cytoplasm. The nucleus of spermatid in spermiogenesis is more condensed in the karyoplasm, and show spherical structure in shape. Mitochondria of the spermatids are observed in the lower portion of the nucleus. The spermatozoon consists of the head, mid piece and tail. The acrosome is not observed in the head. Axial filaments of the flagellum consists of nine pairs of the peripheral microtubules and one pair of the central microtubules.

3-Axis Static Magnetic Field Cancellation System (3축 정자계 상쇄 시스템)

  • Kim, Soochan
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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    • v.50 no.12
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    • pp.270-276
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    • 2013
  • We have been unwittingly exposed to magnetic field. Biological effects due to electromagnetic field exposure has been studied over the past several decades. There has been epidemiological studies and laboratory studies. In the case of laboratory studies, the effect has been observed through the cell stimulation of an artificial magnetic field. The used frequency and waveform are various in the cell experiment, but the intensity of the magnetic field is usually around 10G. Intensity of Earth's magnetic field is about 300-400mG. Although this intensity is not much higher than artificial magnetic field as 3-4% amplitude, we can't ignore the effect because every living thing on earth has already adapted for long time ago. In this study, we have designed and implemented the 3-axis magnetic field generation system in oder to remove the static magnetic field in the real-time and kept its intensity less than ${\pm}5mG({\pm}0.5uT)$ using 3-axis helmholtz coil.

Restoration Model for Culture Contents of the Man-Heo-Jeong in Ulsan (울산 만회정의 문화콘텐츠를 위한 복원 모델)

  • Lee, Chang-Eob
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.13 no.11
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    • pp.935-943
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    • 2013
  • Man-heo-Jeong, which was located in the middle of the Sibri bamboo grove near by Tae-hwa river in Ulsan, was a Jeong-ja(a kind of pavilion) by Park Chui-moon, both a military officer and a nationwide town chief. Now we can presume the appearance of Man-heo-Jeong, referring to the old map describing old Ulsan districts and to old literatures of Park Chui-moon's family describing downtown of Ulsan of that times. It is estimated that the size of Manheo-Jung was constructed three-bay in front view, one point half-bay in side view and terrace in the fore front. Its space composition was designed likewise one-bay was both sides and in the middle there was one-bay Maru called joong-dang-hyeob-sil type. Such a structure made people to enter from the back entrance of gazabo and look the front view dramatically.

Gonadal Maturation of Rhinogobius brunneus

  • Gye, Myung-Chan
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Developmental Biology Conference
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    • 2001.08a
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    • pp.42-44
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    • 2001
  • 연중 밀어 (Rhinogobiw brumeu)의 생식소 성숙을 조사하였다. 난소 및 정소의 성숙은 체장 60 mm 이상의 개체에서 뚜렷하였다. 난소는 원추형이며 정소는 쐐기모양으로 복강의 등쪽에 위치한다. 연중 성성숙지수 (gonadosomatic index)의 변화는 암컷 0.19 - 14.28 수컷 0.15-13.34로 산란시기는 5월 하순부터 6월 초순의 하계번식 어류로 사료된다. 성숙기에서 산란기에 이르는 동안 난소내 난자의 성숙정도는 불균질하며 전체 밀어 군집내에서 7월 하순까지도 성성숙지수 (GSI)가 비교적 높게 유지되는 것으로 보아 1차 산란 이후에도 소규모의 산란이 하계에 걸쳐 진행되는 것으로 사료된다. 생식소의 발달은 동계에 시작되어 난소내 난자는 춘계와 하계에 걸쳐 성장이 일어나 지름 0.5 mm의 성숙난자를 형성한다. 이 시기의 정소는 성숙한 정자가 세정관내를 가득 채우고 있다. 정자의 길이는 45 um 이며 두부의 직경은 5 um이며 미토콘드리아를 갖는 중편이 두부 기저부에 함입된 형태이며 첨체를 갖지 않는다.

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Effect of Ethylene Glycol Concentration and Freezing Speed on Post-thawed Semen Viability and Acrosome Integrity in Korean Jeju Black Bull (제주흑우 동결정액 제조시 Ethylene Glycol의 농도와 예비 동결 조건이 정자의 생존율 및 첨체양상에 미치는 영향)

  • Choi, Sun-Ho;Ko, Min-Hee;Kang, Tae-Young;Cho, Sang-Rae;Park, Yong-Sang;Oh, Shin-Ae
    • Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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    • v.35 no.3
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    • pp.377-383
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    • 2011
  • The objective of this study was to examine effect of ethylene glycol for semen cryopreservation in Korean Jeju Black Bull. The semen was cryopreserved with extenders containing cryoprotectants (7% glycerol and 3%, 5%, 7% ethylene glycol) and packed to 0.5 ml straws. The semen straws were located above 3 cm of liquid nitrogen for 5 min, 5 cm for 10 min and 8 cm for 10 min. And then frozen straw was plunged into $LN_2$. Post-thawed sperm motility, viability and membrane integrity were significantly higher in 5% ethylene glycol ($72.5{\pm}5.00%$, $54.88{\pm}0.66%$ and $46.00{\pm}2.40%$; p<0.05). Motility and viability were similar between 7% glycerol and 5% ethylene glycol. However, the membrane integrity was significantly higher in 5% ethylene glycol ($34.69{\pm}4.64%$ vs $46.00{\pm}2.40%$; p<0.05). The viability and membrane integrity were significantly higher in 5 cm for 10 min and 8 cm for 10 min than 3 cm for 5 min (viability: $55.81{\pm}2.94$, $55.19{\pm}3.34$ vs $47.94{\pm}3.48%$; p<0.05 and membrane integrity: $44.94{\pm}3.51$, $46.06{\pm}2.25$ vs $40.38{\pm}1.03%$; p<0.05). The percentage of capacitated sperm assessed by CTC staining, percentage of F pattern was higher in 7% glycerol, 5% and 7% ethylene glycerol, and AR pattern was significantly higher in 3% ethylene glycol. F pattern was significantly increased in 5 cm for 10 min and 8 cm for 10 min (p<0.05), but AR pattern was significantly increased in 3 cm for 5 min (p<0.05).

조경수 설계시공 - 정원 가드닝 설계 시공 실무(1)

  • Song, Gwang-Seop
    • Landscaping Tree
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    • s.127
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    • pp.58-61
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    • 2012
  • 조경작업은 그 규모가 크고 작건 간에 지반 정리 등 토목공사 외에 바닥, 돌담, 울타리, 연못-분수 설치작업이 병행된다. 물론 식물 식재가 중요한 부분이다. 식재된 식물이 주변 환경과 잘 어울리고 더 빛을 발하기 위해서는 이 같은 다양한 조경 요소가 잘 조화를 이뤄야 한다. 여기에 조각품이나 미술품 등 각종 조형물이나 물레방아, 석등, 정자, 누각, 벤치 등이 함께 어울러질 경우 하나의 예술작품으로 승화된다.

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Successful Artificial Insemination following Retrograde Ejaculation Patient (역 사정 환자의 성공적인 인공수정)

  • Kim, Eun-Kuk;Chae, Hyun-Ju;Jung, Byeong-Jun
    • Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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    • v.37 no.2
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    • pp.169-172
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    • 2010
  • Retrograde ejaculation is a condition that causes male infertility. Infertiltiy treatment is usually based on assisted reproductive technology with the use of sperms recovered from the bladder after ejaculation. Many pregnancies have been tried by artificial intrauterine insemination with the husband's sperm recovered from voided urine. In this case, ovulation was induced by clomiphene citrate and human menopausal gonadotropin, pH and osmorality of urine was controlled by modified Ham's F-10 contained 10% serum substitute supplement and immediately semen collection, to improve sperm motility. We had experienced a successful pregnancy case by above method, and reported with brief review of literature as well.