• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.376-377
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• 2008

저압계동의 고장전류를 차단하기 위해서, 기중차단기(ACB), 배선용차단기(MCCB) 등을 사용하고 있는데, 저압차단기는 저압계통의 고장전류를 차단할 수 있으나, 고장전류를 효과적으로 제한하지 못하며, 차단기 내부의 아킹시간이 상대적으로 길므로, 저압차단기는 물론 주변 전력기기에 전기적/열적/기계적 스트레스를 주게 된다. 또한 지속적인 부하의 증가로 인해 저압계통의 단락전류는 점점 증가하는 추세에 있으므로 저압계통은 물론 고압계통에서도 고장전류를 보다 빠르고 효과적으로 제한 및 차단을 할 수 있는 한류형 차단기가 제안되고 있다. 저압계통의 경우, 정온도계수(Positive Temperature Coefficient, PTC) 특성을 가지는 한류소자를 기존 차단기에 직렬 혹은 병렬로 연결하여 저압계동의 고장전류를 매우 빠르고 효과적으로 제한 및 차단하는 추세이다. 본 연구에서는 정온도계수 특성을 가지는 소자를 이용하여 소형 저압차단기의 차단용량 향상에 기여할 수 있는지 검증하였다.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.73-77
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• 2021

Flexible electrodes for wearable devices have been actively studied in not only achieving mechanical/electrical stability, but also providing various functionalities for extending its industrial application. In this study, a flexible carbon/PDMS composite is prepared by addition of carbon black (CB) as a conductive filler, and effect of CB with different contents on electrical properties of the composite was investigated for the application of flexible electrodes, temperature sensor and heater. With increase of CB contents, resistivity of the carbon/PDMS was increased, and excellent durability was observed, confirmed by repetitive stretching deformation test. Resistance increase of the carbon/PDMS with temperature reveals the property of positive temperature coefficient, which can be applied for temperature sensor. Also, joule heating on the carbon/PDMS was observed when electrical potential was applied, indicating the applicability of the carbon/PDMS for heater.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.3 no.4 s.9
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• pp.15-21
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• 2000

An anemometer employing the bulk PTC thermistor as the sensing element is investigated in this study. The numerical and experimental works are carried out to improve the sensitivity problem of the element by focusing fluid dynamics point of view. The typical shape of the sensing element has been used as a rectangular type, but this shape has a sensitivity problem because of flow separations on the sharp edge when the flow direction is different from that of the sensing element. In order to reduce the reading error, the installer has to be very careful about the flow direction. The reading error fluctuation by time as well as the sensitivity problem can be improved considerably through this study. It can be concluded that the small change of the sensor shape can improve the performance of the flow sensor.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.07c
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• pp.1339-1340
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• 2006

일반적으로 저압계통의 고장전류를 차단하기 위해서, 기중차단기(LVPCB, ACB), 배선용차단기 등을 사용하고 있는데, 저압차단기는 저압계통의 고장전류를 차단할 수 있으나, 고장전류를 효과적으로 제한하지 못하며, 차단기 내부의 아킹시간이 상대적으로 길므로, 저압차단기는 물론 주변 전력기기에 전기적/열적/기계적 스트레스를 주게 된다. 또한 지속적인 부하의 증가로 인해 저압계통의 단락전류는 점점 증가하는 추세에 있으므로 저압계통은 물론 고압계통에서도 고장전류를 보다 빠르고 효과적으로 제한 및 차단을 할 수 있는 한류형 차단기가 제안되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 정온도계수(PTC, Positive Temperature Coefficient) 특성을 가지는 소자를 이용하여 저압계통에 적용가능한 한류소자를 개발하였으며, 기존 차단기에 직렬 혹은 병렬로 연결하여 저압계통의 고장전류를 매우 빠르고 효과적으로 제한 및 차단할 수 있으며, 아울러 저압계통의 차단보호 협조를 효과적으로 구현할 수 있는 한류형 차단기를 제안하였다. 한류소자를 전력기기에 적용하는 방법은 크게 기존 차단기와 직렬로 연결되는 방식과 기존 차단기를 수정하여 차단기 내부의 접점과 비직렬 연결되는 방식으로 구분 할 수 있는데, 본 논문에서는 직렬방식/비직렬방식으로 기존 차단기에 한류소자를 적용항에 있어서 대응가능한 대전류 PTC소자를 개발하였으며, 또한 각 방안에 대한 시제품을 제작하여 제한 성능을 검증하였다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.18-20
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• 2005

일반적으로 저압계통의 고장전류를 차단하기 위해 설치된 차단기의 차단원리는 주로 역전압발생법올 이용하고 있다. 역전압발생법은 효과적으로 저압계통의 고장전류를 차단할 수 있으나, 제한된 한류성능과 긴 아킹 시간은 차단기는 물론 주변 전력기기에 전기적/열적/기계적 스트레스를 주게 된다. 국내외 업체는 고장전류를 보다 빠르고 효과적으로 제한 및 차단을 할 수 있는 한류형 차단기를 제안하고 있는 실정이다. 저압계통의 경우, 정온도계수 (Positive Temperature Coefficient, PTC) 특성을 가지는 한류소자를 기존 차단기에 직렬 혹은 병렬로 연결하여 저압계통의 고장전류를 매우 빠르고 효과적으로 제한 및 차단하는 추세에 있으며, 또한 PTC 한류소자를 이용함으로써 저압계통의 차단보호협조를 효과적으로 구현하고자 하고 있다. PTC 한류소자는 소자는 열팽창이 큰 비전도성 성분과 열팽창이 작은 전도성 성분이 혼합되어 구성되며, 소자의 온도가 증가함에 따라 비전도성 성분이 상대적으로 큰 부피 팽창을 하여 저항이 증가하게 된다. 이러한 PTC 소자를 전력계통에 적용함으로써 고장전류에 따른 줄열에 의한 저항증가로 고장전류를 제한하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 일반적으로 배터리 보호용으로 사용되는 폴리에틸렌 수지 및 카본블랙으로 구성된 폴리머 PTC 한류소자를 이용하여, 기존의 저전력 배터리 보호 폴리머 PTC 소자로부터, 저압계통의 단락사고시 발생하는 단락전류를 효과적으로 제한할 수 있는 대전력 폴리머 PTC 소자를 개발하였다.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.147-155
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• 1999

In this work, the defrosting characteristics of PTC heating sheet used as a defrosting heat source of fin-tube heat exchanger in a refrigerator have been experimentally compared with those of conventional electric heater. It is found that the characteristics of water draining rate with defrosting time show smoothly oscillating pattern when PTC heating sheet is used, and the drained water is completely melted. The defrosting efficiency of the PTC heating sheet is about 75%, which represents about 25% higher than that of the electric heater. A reduction of defrosting time and an increase of defrosting efficiency may be obtained by improving the arrangement of heating elements of the heating sheet. It is shown that the defrosting time of PTC heating sheet increases linearly with the amount of frost, however the defrosting efficiency is nearly constant. In the application to the refrigerating system, one should notice the fact that the defrosting performance of PTC heating sheet may be defraded due to the repeated operations.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 1995

In this paper, the specimens-($Ba_{0.997}$ L $a_{0.003}$)Ti $O_{3}$ + xTi $O_{2}$, x=0.005, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03[mol]- were fabricated by a solid-state reaction method which is easy in microstructure control and good in mass production. Their crystalline structures and microstructures were analysed, and electrical properties were investigated. The perovskite-crystalline structure is confirmed by XRD, and it is exhibited by SEM that the grain grows with an addition of Ti $O_{2}$. Resistivity decreases with increasing sinteiing temperature, and the specimen of ($Ba_{0.997}$ L $a_{0.003}$)Ti $O_{3}$ + 0.02Ti $O_{2}$ sintered at 1350.deg. C shows the best PTC effects. The complex impedance plots exhibit the serial equivalent circuit of ( $R_{gb}$ / $C_{gb}$ ) and $R_{g}$ it is realized that PTC effect is attributed to the resistivity of grain boundary.ary.y.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.121-127
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• 1998

In this paper, to develop PTCR(Positive Temperature Coefficient of Resistance) thermistor with high withstanding voltage, Ca were added to. the compositions of $(Ba_{0.9165-X}-Sr_{0.08}-Ca_X-Y_{0.0035})TiO_3+MnO_2$ 0.02wt%+$SiO_2$ 0.5wt%. the effects of Ca additions were researched according the increasing of Ca from 0[mol%] to 20[mol%], and the electrical properties were investigated. As increasing Ca additions from 0[mol%] to 20[mol%], the grain size of the specimens was reduced from 11.1[${\mu}m$] to 6.15[${\mu}m$], and also the sintered density was reduced from 5.43[$g/cm^3$] to 5.05[$g/cm^3$] and their the breakdown voltages were increased from 163[V/mm] to 232[V/mm]. It is shown that the breakdown voltage was increased with amount of Ca additions.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.13 no.1 s.38
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• pp.31-35
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• 2006

This paper is studied on a protective control system for electrical fire used electrical characteristics of SCR and multilayer-type PTC thermistor. The PTC thermistor has characteristic or positive resistivity temperature coefficient according to the temperature variation, which is construction of a regular square and cube demarcation with $BaTiO_{3_}$Ceramics of positive temperature coefficient. Also PTC shows the phenomenon which is rapidly increased in the resistivity if the temperature is increased over Curie temperature point. This paper is proposed on a protective control system used multilayer-type PTC which is protected from electrical fire due to electric short circuit faults or overload faults. Some experimental results of the proposed apparatus is confirmed to the validity of the analytical results.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2008

This paper is studied on a prevention system for electrical fire and electrical faults by using electrical temperature characteristic of PTC thermistor. The PTC thermistor has characteristic of positive resistivity temperature coefficient according to the temperature variation, which is construction of a regular square and cube demarcation with $BaTiO_3$ ceramics of positive temperature coefficient. Also PTC shows the phenomenon which is rapidly increased in the resistivity if the temperature is increased over Curie temperature point. This paper is proposed on a protective control system used with temperature sensor of PTC thermistor. The proposed prevention system will prevent electrical fires due to electric short circuit faults or overload faults. And the prevention system will solve the problems that circuit breakers to be commonly used at existing are happened frequently electrical fires and electrical disasters due to incapable operation, weak reliability and low speed response. Some experimental results of the proposed apparatus are confirmed to the validity of the analytical results.