• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.604-609
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• 2016

In postmenopausal women, estrogen deficiency can be associated with metabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors related to lipid, glucose and antioxidnat metabolism. Sprague-Dawley female rats were subjected to either bilateral ovariectomy or sham operation and randomly divided into 3 dietary groups, (n=8) sham-operated fed with normal diet (SHAM), ovariectomized fed with normal diet (OVX), and ovariectomized fed with normal diet supplemented with Eucommia ulmoides extract (OVX-EU). The OVX-EU group showed significantly lower body weight, triacylglycerol, and total cholesterol than that showed by the OVX group. In addition, the OVX-EU group showed improved lipogenesis, glucose-regulating enzyme activities, adipokine and antioxidant enzyme activities. These findings demonstrate that extracts from E. ulmoides extract can be used as a functional food.

• School Mathematics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.155-179
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• 2008

Multiplication problems for the 7th curriculum focus on functional realms featuring the memorization and application of the multiplication table, exposing learners only to additive thinking characterized by simple counting and drawing. A diversity of research has yet to be conducted for the transition to multiplicative thinking that highlights the capability to solve problems by using multiplication and division in the expanded number scope like 'prime numbers', 'fractional numbers', and 'ratio/rates' and to describe accurately how they solved. This research was designed to develop and utilize teaching-learning materials for the transition of fifth graders' additive thinking to advanced multiplicative one and to analyze the application results in order to identify validity in material development. The following conclusions were made. First, the development and application of teaching-learning materials for multiplicative thinking cultivation facilitated the transition from additive thinking featuring simple counting and drawing to multiplicative thinking characterized by multiplication and accurate description in a more complicated and expanded number scope. Second, the development of materials featuring 'basic'-'intermediate'-'in-depth' courses by activity enabled learners to benefit from learning by level and expansion in number scope. Third, the use of topics and materials closely connected to daily lives stimulated learners' curiosity, helping them concentrate more on given problems. Fourth, communication between teachers and students or among learners themselves was promoted by continuously encouraging them to explain and by reviewing their documents identifying rules or patterns.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.309-314
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• 2006

This study was performed to confirm the physicochemical properties and physiological activities according to cultivar and parts of Ulsan sweet persimmons. The proximate composition of the sweet persimmons was moisture $77.68{\sim}84.65%$, crude ash $0.3{\sim}0.6$, crude fat $0.29{\sim}0.39$ and crude protein $0.52{\sim}0.61%$. Confirmed organic acids and free sugars in sweet persimmons were malic, citric, succinic, and fumaric acids, along with fructose, glucose and sucrose. The major fatty acids were linolenic, vaccenic and palmitic acids. Also, K is the highest mineral in sweet persimmons that accounts for the majority of mineral, more than 60% as $84.9{\sim}103.7mg%$. Contents of vitamin C, total phenolic compounds and flavonoids were the highest in Fuyu peel as 139.91, 169.36 and 60.79mg%, respectively, Electron donating ability and xanthine oxidase inhibition were the highest in Fuyu peel as $30.6{\sim}91.2$ and $26.3{\sim}91.9mg%$, respectively. Nitrite scavenging activity was higher in peel than flesh as $51.0{\sim}76.4mg%$ with slight difference depending on cultivar.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.129-141
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• 2009

Intermodal freight transportation is defined as the movement of freight from origins to destinations by two or more transportation modes. When implemented in hub networks, it could enhance the efficiency of the networks because consolidated flows are transported by more suitable modes and technologies. In spite of this advantage, the intermodal hub network design problem has received limited attention in the literature partly because of the complex nature of the problem. This paper aims to develop an optimization model for designing intermodal hub networks with sin91e allocation strategy. The model takes into account various cost components of intermodal hub networks including transportation, stationary inventory, and service delay costs. Moreover, using transport frequency variables, it is capable of endogenously determining the transportation economies of scale achieved by consolidation of flows. As such, the model is able to realistically represent the characteristics of intermodal hub networks in practice. Since the model Is a complicated nonlinear integer programming problem, we perform model simplification based on the analytical study of the model, which could facilitate the development of solution algorithms in the future. We expect that this study contributes to the design of intermodal hub networks as well as to the assessment of existing logistics systems.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.111-117
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• 1987

From March, 1983 to March, 1987, 16 patients with esophageal steno-obstruction due to nonesophageal tumors were treated in the Division of Therapeutic Radiology, Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University Medical College. The patient characteristics, effect of radiotherapy (XRT) on esophageal steno-obstruction and survival were evaluated. The most common primary tumor was lung cancer (14/16) and the middle third of the esophagus was most frequently involved (14/16). Improved clinical response was observed in $80\%$ of the patients who finished the planned courses of XRT. The mean radiation dose evoking the improvement of dysphagia was 2,993 cGy given over a period of 3 to 4 weeks. The Kaplan-Meier estimates of survival at 15 and 30 weeks of follow-up were $60\%$ and $46\%$, respectively. In the completed group who finished the whole planned courses of XRT, survival rates were $77\%\;and\;51\%$, respectively. Four patients were alive over 90 weeks with normal passage of food.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.118-125
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• 1996

Scrub typhus의 발현증상에는 저알부민혈증, 단백뇨, 전신 부종 등을 들 수 있다. 그러나, 저알부민혈증에 비해 단백뇨와 부종 등은 심하지 않은 경우가 많다. 본 연구에서는 저알부민혈증이 장내에서의 단백질 소실에 의한 것인지를 확인하고자 하였다. Scrub typhus가 의심되는 25명의 환자를 대상으로 (1) 저알부민혈증의 원인 장내 단백질 소실에 의한 것인지 여부와 (2) $^{99m}Tc$-HSA 신티그램의 진단적 유용성을 알아보고자 하였다. 신티그램은 혈청학적 검사상 Scrub typhus로 확인된 18명의 환자에서 (13예는 항생제 치료 개시후 1일에서 8일 사이에, 5예는 치료 전에 시행하였으며, 11예에서는 대변에서 alpha-1- antitrypsin (${\alpha}AT$)배설 여부를 확인하였다. 촬영방법은 $^{99m}Tc$-HSA 30mCi를 정맥 주사한 후, 2, 4, 6, 24시간에 복부 전면상을 얻었다. 판정은 소장과 대장의 주행 위치에서의 혈관외 방사능 소견을 장내 단백질 소실로 간주하였다. 13예에서 양성으로 판정하였는데, 이중 8예는 대변에서의 ${\alpha}AT$치도 높게 나왔다. 신티그램상 음성을 보인 5예중 2예에서는 대변중 ${\alpha}AT$치가 매우 높게 나왔는데 그 이유는 신티그램 검사는 치료 도중에 하였고, 대변 검사는 치료 전에 하였기 때문인 것으로 간주하였다. 결론적으로 전체 18예중 15예에서 신티그램이나 대변검사로 Scrub typhus로 진단하였다. 한편, 13예 (72%)에서 저알부민혈증을 보였는데 이중 4예는 장내단백질 소실과 단백뇨를, 5예는 장내단백질 소실만을, 3예에서는 단백뇨만을 보였고, 1예는 아무 소견이 없었다. 요약하면, 장내단백질 소실 소견은 Scrub typhus환자의 83%에서 보여, 혈중 알부민치가 저하되는 원인으로 추정된다. 따라서 $^{99m}Tc$-HSA 신티그램은 장내단백질 소실의 진단에 매우 유용한 검사방법이다. 또한, 검사방법이 다소 어렵지만 대변에서의 ${\alpha}AT$측정도 동위원소 검사상 음성 소견을 보이는 환자에게는 어느 정도 진단에 도움을 주리라 보여진다.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.407-417
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• 2000

To estimate the longitudinal dispersion coefficient at the downstream of Jungrang-River, the undistorted 1/20 scale hydraulic model was used in this study. Experiments were conducted for dry season discharge, and Rhodamine B was used as a tracer. The relationship curve between concentration and conductivity of Rhodamine B was otained by laboratory test, and the conductivity which was measured in hydraulic model was converted to concentration using this curve. The longitudinal dispersion coefficient was calculated using the relationship between the peak concentration and the time to peak concentration. The results of this study were compared with the calculated values by the empirical equations for the longitudinal dispersion coefficient and with the field data. The results of comparison show that Parker's equation underestimates, and Liu'g equation and Iwasa and Aya's one overestimate, and McQuivey and Keefer's equations, Fischer's one, Magazine's one, and Seo and Cheong's one predict relatively well. The measured data sets were relatively close to the observed ones in natural river. The longitudinal dispersion coefficient at the downstream of Jungrang-River was estimated $10\textrm{m}^2/s$.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.49-56
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• 2010

Euryale ferox is only annual hydrophyte among endangered plants in Korea and its seed is high valuable medicinal material. This studies were carried to find out key factors that made E. ferox endanger in Korea and to apply the results for effective management of the natural wetlands inhabited by E. ferox. We investigated the distributed sites reported by previous studies and classified the distribution-affected factors into three categories, eutrophication(hypothesis 1), soil accumulation(hypothesis 2) and increasing of water level(hypothesis 3) in the habitat. These three hypotheses were tested in the field and explained the results with the morphological characteristics of seed germination stages of E. ferox. The geographical distribution ranges of E. ferox diminished at a rate of $1^{\circ}$ latitude with about 10 natural wetlands for last 30 years. Water eutrophication in the wetland had a positive effect on the establishment of E. ferox. But higher in soil accumulation and water depth, then lower in the establishment rate of E. ferox. These results indicate that water depth in the wetland must be below 50cm during the germination season, especially in May and emergent hydrophytes filter zone is need to protect soil accumulation from soil erosion within its watershed for the effective management of wetland with E. ferox.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.461-469
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• 2012

This study was carried out to find the optimum chemical cleaning (CIP) conditions for ceramic microfiltration membrane process of Y drinking water treatment plant. B train consists of coagulation as pretreatment process with membrane was chemically cleaned 9 times more than that of A train with ozonation and coagulation. The frequent CIP of B train was due to improper CIP method suggested by membrane manufacture as well as different membrane fouling between A and B train resulting from the different pretreatment processes. That is, recovery rate of CIP was overestimated because the rate was calculated based on normalized trans membrane pressure (TMP) rather than normalized permeability. And also, iron oxide fouling was ineffectively removed by citric acid. By using a mixture of 1% citric acid and 0.1 N sulfuric acid as reagent for acid CIP step, the recovery rate of CIP was the highest while CIP efficiency by 0.1 N sulfuric acid was the lowest. When sulfuric acid concentration increased from 0.1 N to 0.3 N in mixture, total recovery rate of CIP was not increased due to the decreased CIP efficiency in alkali CIP step by 0.3% NaOCl although its rate in acid CIP step was increased. It was proved through the experiment result of CIP sequence changes that an acid followed by alkali CIP was more effective than that of the reverse method.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.919-925
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• 1999

Grain boundary characteristics and corrosion behavior of Alloy 600 material were investigated using the concept of grain boundary control by thermomechanical treatment(TMT). The grain boundary character distribution (GBCD) was analyzed by electron backscattered diffraction pattern. The effects of GBeD variation on intergranular at tack(JGA) and primary water stress corrosion cracking(PWSeC) were also evaluated. Changes in the fraction of coinci dence site lattice(CSL) boundaries in each cycle of TMT process were not distinguishable, but the total eSL boundary frequencies for TMT specimens increased about 10% compared with those of the commercial Alloy 600 material. It was found from IGA tests that the resistance to IGA was improved by TMT process. However, it was found from PWSCC test that repeating of TMT cycles resulted in the gradual decrease of the time to failure and the maximum load due to change in grain boundary characteristics, while the average crack propagation rate of primary crack increased mainly due to suppression of secondary crack propagation. It is considered that these corrosion characteristics in TMT specimens is attributed to 'fine tuning of grain boundary' mechanism.