• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.253-266
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• 2001

Background: The causes of ADHD(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) are various, so it is impossible to understand the whole characteristics of ADHD, only with simple intelligence testing scales. We compared cognitive characteristics of ADHD group with normal controls with Korean Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children(K-ABC). It is well known to evaluate neuropsychological and cognitive aspects of the children. Materials and Methods: Age and sex matched 40 ADHD patients and 40 normal controls tested with the K-ABC. Each subscales compared between pre-treatment patients and controls, pre-treatment and post-treatment in patient group, post-treatment patients and controls. Results: Significant differences are observed in sequential processing, simultaneous processing, cognitive processing and achievement between pre-treatment patients and controls, and in gestalt closure between pre-treatment and post-treatment patients group. But there are no significant differences between pre-treatment patients and controls in gestalt closure and reading/decoding. Conclusions: Methylphenidate improved the scores of simultaneous scale, which means improvement of executive functions such as divided attention, analysis and organization. Methylphenidate also reduced distractibility.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.47-54
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• 2020

Developmental disorders are impairments of brain and/or central nervous system and refer to a disorder of brain function that affects languages, communication skills, perception, sociality and so on. In diagnosis of developmental disorders, behavioral response such as expressing emotions in proper situation is one of observable indicators that tells whether or not individual has the disorders. However, diagnosis by observation can allow subjective evaluation that leads erroneous conclusion. This research presents the technological environment and data acquisition system for AI based screening of autism disorder. The environment was built considering activities for two screening protocols, namely Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) and Behavior Development Screening for Toddler (BeDevel). The activities between therapist and baby during the screening are fully recorded. The proposed software in this research was designed to support recording, monitoring and data tagging for learning AI algorithms.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.21-31
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• 2011

Objective : This study investigated the relationships of handwriting legibility and perceptual-motor skills, and handwriting speed and perceptual-motor skills. And identified the predictors that most affect the handwriting of preschool children. Methods : Twenty-three typically developing preschool aged children (mean age: 68.61 months, SD=2.04) were selected through the Korean-Denver Developmental Screening Test-2(K-DDST-2). The children were tested with regard to handwriting legibility, visual perception, visual-motor integration and fine-motor coordination. Results : First, a significant relationship was not found among handwriting legibility, visual perception, visualmotor integration and fine-motor coordination. Second, a significant relationship was found among handwriting speed, visual perception and fine-motor coordination. Third, stepwise multiple regression analyses showed that general visual perception were significant predictors for handwriting speed. Conclusion : Occupational therapists should evaluate children's visual perception levels utilizing a standardized test, and focus on general visual perception in order to improve handwriting skill(speed). Also, occupational therapists are expected to play an important role in the management and treatment of children's handwriting skills.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.293-304
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• 2014

A child's mental health is an important element of his proper emotional development. Abuse of children by parents and peer groups are causes of depression and anxiety in children. These conditions become obstacles to their normal growth process which can be a contributing factor to juvenile delinquency. This study is based in the theoretical background of the relationship between abuse from parents and peer groups and children's emotional health. This information is analyzed through structural equation modeling.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.17-32
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• 2015

Purose : This study was to find the factors of guideline and expressing outcome about powered wheelchair use for children with disabilities. Method : The chosen studies were 38 published in Korea or abroad from 2000 to 2014, and the key research is 2 review articles among them. And 19 studies were used by first search and 2 review articles to find outcome factors and categorize followed ICF terminology. Moreover, 2 studies were analysed to find the guidelines about powered wheelchair use for children with disabilities. Result : All reviewed researches were published abroad. These suggested that powered wheelchair use for children with disabilities didn't affect delayed development but many advantages. And they recommended checking information about the guideline, child, parents and environmental support befor applying the powered wheelchair to children with disabilities. Also, they usually used participation level to express outcome about powered mobility use. Conclusion : The power wheelchair was useful means of mobility for children who were delayed movement, and it was important strategy to apply the powered wheelchair early for promote children's development and participation normally. Finally, professionals needed to intervene contextual approaches concerning children's families and environment, also institutional and social effort.

• Korean Journal of Health Psychology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.711-727
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to develop and standardize the Korean version of the Parent Mealtime Action Scale(K-PMAS). The parents of typically developing preschool and elementary school children (N=887) ranging in age from 1 to 11 years as well as parents of children with developmental disorders (N=116) completed the PMAS. A subset of the participants were retested for reliability and also completed the Children's Eating Behavior Inventory- Korean Version (K-CEBI), which was used for assessing validity. The confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the theoretically-based 8-factor structure of PMAS fit the data well. The PMAS scores suggested acceptable levels of internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Validity was also supported by significant correlations between the K-CEBI scores and the differences in K-PMAS scores between the parents of children with developmental disorders and those of typically developing children. The results of one-way ANOVA showed no significant differences in K-PMAS scores between the genders. However, there were significant differences across ages. The means and standard deviations of the PMAS scale scores are provided. Clinical and research implications as well as limitations are discussed.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2003

Objective : To describe the sensory-based behaviors of children with developmental disorders as reported on the JSI-2. Methods : The scores of children with disability were compared with those of children without disability. JSI-2 was completed by parents of 38 children with disability 3 through 6 years of age and 36 children without disability 3 through 6 years of age. Results : The scores of children with disability were significantly different from that of children without disability for 6 of 8 factors, including vestibular, tactile, auditory, visual and other. There is no significant differences of age or sex. Conclusion : From this study, it is found that children with disability have deficit in a variety of sensory processing abilities as measured by JSI-2. Further research is needed to replicate and develop these findings.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.19-31
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• 2019

Objective : The purpose of this study was to examine differences of psychological symptoms for mothers of infants with autism spectrum disorder(ASD) according to the level of parenting stress. Methods : The subjects were seventy-two mothers of infants with ASD(aged 22 months to 71 months) completed Korean Parenting Stress Index (K-PSI) and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory(MMPI-2). The data was analyzed using SPSS 23.0 program. Results : First, total and parent domain of parenting stress were positively correlated with several clinical scales of MMPI-2. However, there was no significant association between the child domain of parenting stress and clinical scale MMPI-2. Second, as a result of verified the difference of psychological symptoms according to level of total and parent domain of parenting stress, high-risks group was significantly higher scores in several clinical scales of MMPI-2 relative to those in normal range group. However, regarding the association between the child domain of parenting stress and psychological symptoms, there was no significant difference in psychological symptoms between high-risks group and normal range group. Conclusions : The results of this study have implications for verified the difference of psychological symptoms according to level of parenting stress among mothers of infants with ASD.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.74-89
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• 1995

Selective mutism is a childhood condition defined by persisten failure to speak in specific social situation when speaking is expected, dispite preserved ability to comprehend spoken language and speak. Present study is to investigate clinical characteristics, treatment method and outcome of 23 children who were diagnosed as selective mutism by DSM-IV criteria at the child psychiatry ouptatient department of SNUH. The results were as follows : 1) The Sex ratio was 1: 4.8, female dominant Mear age of onset was 33 years old and mean age of first referral was 7.7 years old. 2) 22% of subjects had perinatal problem such as low birth weight, preterm birth, 26% of the subjects have history of delayed language development. There are subjects who had been separated with mam caretaker before 3 years old(26%) and who experienced physical or psychological trauma before 3 years old(26%). A few subjects had enurests(30%) and encoprests(4%). 3) Many subjects(65%) had symbiotic relationship with their mother. These families consist of dominant, verbally aggressive mother and passive father. Parents of 39% of all subjects were judged to have definite psychopathology(social phobic, depression, hysterical trait or alcohol problem) 26% of all subject, were reported physically abused. 4) The personality trait of the subjects were frequently described as follows(in order of frequency) ; Shy(100%), anxious(83%), stubborn(83%)m rigid and tense posture(78%), immature(65%) overdependent(65%), irritable(52%), manipulative(39%), depressive(39%). 5) The mean performance IQ of 16 subjects by KEDI-WISC was 88.3 Among them, the subjects with IQ below 69 were seven and those with IQ above 70 were nine. When comparing these two group(Mental retardation group vs Normal IQ group), we could find some difference in language development, personality trait, family dynamics and treatment outcome. 6) Among several treatment methods for selective mutism, play therapy was the most frequently used method(65%). Other commonly used treatment methods were pharmacotherapy(21%), behavioral therapy(8%), combined therapy(play therapy+pharmacotherapy+family therapy+behavioral therapy)(12%), 7) Regarding the outcome of treatment 8.6% was evaluated as Excellent, 30.4% as Good, 52% as Fair, 8.7% as Poor at the tinic of treatment. At follow up interview 21.7% was evaluated Excellent, 13% as Good, 21.7% as Fair, 34.8% as Poor. 8) We classified all subjects by Havden's 4 subtype. Symbiotic mutism was most common(65%) and other subtypes are Speech phobic mutism(8.6), Reactive mutism(13%) and Passive-aggressive mutism(30%).

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2002

Knowledge regarding the resilience factors and risk factors of the childhood trauma on the developental trajectory is in its infancy due to the lack of prospective follow-up studies in the childhood trauma and limited understanding of the complex reciprocal interactions between childhood trauma, develop-ent and various aspects of children's environment. These difficulties in the conceptual framework and research methods in the childhood trauma are partly reflected in the inconsistencies, even controversies, of the results in the childhood trauma researches. Despite these difficulties, common aspects of the risk factors and resilience of the childhood trauma on the development can be identified from the previous studies. The resilience to the negative outcome on the development by childhood trauma includes：sex female before puberty, male after puberty or infancy), high socioeconomic status, no organic problem, easy temperament, no previous experience with early loss or separation, younger age at the trauma, better problem solving capacity, high self-esteem, internal locus of control, high coping skills, ability to identify interpersonal relationships, ability to play, sense of humor, having capable parents, having a warm relaionship with at least one of the parents, high education and participating in the organized religious activities. These commonalities of the results suggest that risk and resilient factors of the childhood trauma are interdependent, each factor has multiplicity in the impacts on the children's development according to the developmental stage of the child, family and children's other environment, trauma and stressor have diverse effects according to their intensity and risk and resilience factors could have synergistic or antagonistic effects to each other. To develop comprehensive understanding on the relationship between childhood trauma and developmental psychopathology, risk and resilience factors and to develop effective and efficient prevention and intervention, research on the effect of the stress on the neurodevelopment, on the individual differences of the response to the trauma including genetic factors and constitution, and on the brain plasticity should be accompanied in the future.