• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.18-29
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• 2012

Purpose: We analyzed how clinical nurses in Korea perceive terminally ill patients' medical decision-making. Methods: The Q-methodology which analyzes the subjectivity of each item was used. We selected 34 Q-statements among those provided by each of 37 subjects and grouped them into a shape of normal distribution using a 9 point scale. The collected data were analyzed using a QUANL PC program. Results: Four types of perception toward medical decision-making were identified. Type I focuses on patient participation, and Type II emphasizes the role of health professionals. Type III is characterized by an open-minded culture toward death, and Type IV values the role of family members. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate the need for development of a multi-disciplinary curriculum medical decision-making and death for medical and nursing students.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.1032-1038
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• 2011

Recently identified Ciona intestinalis voltage sensor-containing phosphatase (Ci-VSP) consists of an ion channel-like transmembrane domain (VSD) and a phosphatase-like domain. Ci-VSP senses the change of membrane potential by its VSD and works as a phosphoinositide phosphatase by its phosphatase domain. In this study, we present the construction of His-tagged phosphatase-like domain of Ci-VSP, its recombinant expression and purification, and its enzymatic activity behavior in order to examine the biochemical behavior of phosphatase domain of Ci-VSP without interference. We found that Ci-VSP(248-576)-His can be eluted with an elution buffer containing 25 mM NaCl and 100 mM imidazole during His-tag purification. In addition, we found the proper measurement condition for kinetics study of Ci-VSP(248-576)-His against p-nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP). We measured the kinetic constant of Ci-VSP(248-576)-His at $37^{\circ}C$, pH 5.0 or 5.5, under 30 min of reaction time, and less than $2.0\;{\mu}g$ of protein amount. With these conditions, we acquired that Ci-VSP(248-576)-His has $K_m$ of $354{\pm}0.143\;{\mu}M$, $V_{max}$ of $0.0607{\pm}0.0137\;{\mu}mol$/min/mg and $k_{cat}$ of $0.359{\pm}0.009751\;min^{-1}$ for pNPP dephosphorylation. Therefore, we produced a pure form of Ci-VSP(248-576)-His, and this showed a higher activity against pNPP. This purified protein will provide the road to a structural investigation on an interesting protein, Ci-VSP.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.43-53
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• 2009

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the difference in three dimensional tooth movement using three different wire sizes($0.018{\times}0.025-in,\;0.016{\times}0.022-in$ 0.016-in) on a NiTi scissors-bite corrector. Methods: Computed tomography(CT) images of the experimental model before and after tooth movement were taken and reconstructed into three dimensional models for superimposition. The direction and the amount of tooth movement were measured and analyzed statistically. Results: The lingual and intrusive movements of the crown of the maxillary second molar were increased as the size of the NiTi wire increased. The roots of the maxillary second metals moved buccally except for the 0.016-in group. The intrusive movement of the roots of the maxillary second molars was increased as the size of the NiTi wire increased. Due to the use of orthodontic mini-implants, anchorage loss was under 0.2 mm on average. Conclusions: The $0.018{\times}0.025-in$ NiTi wire was most effective in lingual and intrusive movement of the maxillary second molar which was in scissors-bite position. Indirect skeletal anchorage with a single orthodontic mini-implant was rigid enough to prevent anchorage loss.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.33-60
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• 2020

Along with the rapid advance in internet technologies, ubiquitous mobile device usage has enabled consumers to access real-time information and increased interaction with others through various social media. Consumers can now get information more easily when making purchase decisions, and these changes are affecting the brand landscape. In a digitally connected world, brand image is not communicated to the consumers one-sidedly. Rather, with consumers' growing influence, it is a result of co-creation where consumers have an active role in building brand image. This explains a reality where people no longer purchase products just because they know the brand or because it is a famous brand. However, there has been little discussion on the matter, and many practitioners still rely on the traditional measures of brand indicators. The goal of this research is to present the limitations of traditional definition and measurement of brand and brand image, and propose a more direct and adequate measure that reflects the nature of a connected world. Inspired by the proverb, "A man is known by the company he keeps," the proposed measurement offers insight to the position of brand (or brand image) through co-purchased product networks. This paper suggests a framework of network analysis that clusters brands of cosmetics by the frequency of other products purchased together. This is done by analyzing product networks of a brand extracted from actual purchase data on Amazon.com. This is a more direct approach, compared to past measures where consumers' intention or cognitive aspects are examined through survey. The practical implication is that our research attempts to close the gap between brand indicators and actual purchase behavior. From a theoretical standpoint, this paper extends the traditional conceptualization of brand image to a network perspective that reflects the nature of a digitally connected society.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.308-317
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• 2015

This study attempted to identify the possibility of natural herbal extracts as an alternative, preventive agent of caries by comparing antimicrobial activities between natural herbal extracts and mouth rinsing solutions against Streptococcus mutans. Natural herbal plants were extracted with distilled water and ethanol, respectively, to measure the minimum growth inhibitory concentration of S. mutans depending on concentration, and among which, solvents showing high antimicrobial activity were selected to compare their antibiotic effects with those of mouth rinsing solutions. Also, to determine the concentration of natural medicinal herbs that can be used safely in the oral cavity, the extracts were treated to the normal gingival fibroblast cells depending on concentration in order to determine its cytotoxicity using MTT. In terms of the minimum growth inhibition concentration, the growth inhibition of S. mutans was more excellent in the ethanol extract than in the distilled water. When the minimum growth inhibition concentration was compared, Psoralea corylifolia of natural herbal ethanol extracts, and Hexamedine (Bukwang Pharm., Korea) of mouth rinsing solutions inhibited growth of S. mutans at the lowest concentration. When the minimum bactericidal concentration was compared, P. corylifolia of natural herbal extracts, and Hexamedine and Garglin (Dong-A Pharm., Korea) of mouth rinsing solutions eliminated S. mutans at a low concentration. The human gingival fibroblast was treated with natural herbal ethanol extracts at the minimum growth inhibition concentration of 10, 39, and $78{\mu}g/ml$. As the result, no cytotoxicity was found. When this was treated at different minimum bactericidal concentrations, natural herbal ethanol extracts showed cytotoxicity except P. corylifolia.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2010

The members of the Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons conducted a retrospective study of two hundred and twenty-two cases of intestinal atresia for the period from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2009. Seventeen hospitals were involved. There were 76 duodenal, 65 jejunal, and 81 ileal atresias (3 colonic). The male to female ratio was 0.85:1 in DA and 1.34:1 in JIA. Ninety-four patients(43.3 %) were premature babies (DA 40.3 %, JA 64.6 %, IA 28.8 %), and 70 babies (32.0 %) had low birth weight (DA 38.7 %, JA 44.4 %, IA 16.0 %). Antenatal diagnosis was made in 153 cases (68.9 %). However, 27 infants (17.6 %) with antenatal diagnosis were transferred to the pediatric surgeon's hospitals after delivery. Maternal polyhydramnios was observed in 81 cases (36.59 %) and most frequent with proximal obstruction. In forty-four cases (19.8 %), only simple abdominal film was taken for diagnostic study. The associated malformations were more frequently observed in DA - 61.8 % in DA and 22.6 % in JIA. Meconium peritonitis, small bowel volvulus and intussusception were more frequently associated with ileal atresia. The overall mortality rate was 3.6 %. (Abbreviations: DA;duodenal atersia, JA;jejunal atresia, JIA;jejunoileal atresia, IA;ileal atrsia).

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.324-336
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• 2011

Objective: The aim of this study was to conduct three-dimensional finite element analysis of individual tooth displacement and stress distribution when a posterior retraction force of 200 g was applied at different positions of the retraction hook on the transpalatal arch (TPA) of a molar, and over different lengths of the lever arm on the maxillary anterior teeth in lingual orthodontics. Methods: A three-dimensional finite element model, including the entire upper dentition, periodontal ligaments, and alveolar bones, was constructed on the basis of a sample (Nissan Dental Product, Kyoto, Japan) survey of Asian adults. Individual movement of the incisal edge and root apex was estimated along the x-, y-, and z-coordinates to analyze tooth displacement and von Mises stress distribution. Results: When the length of the lever arm was 15 mm and 20 mm, the incisal edge and root apex of the anterior teeth was displaced lingually, with a maximum lingual displacement at the lever arm length of 20 mm. When the posterior retraction hook was on the root apex, the molars showed distal displacement. When the length of the lever arm was 20 mm, anterior extrusion was reduced and the crown of the canine displaced toward the buccal side, in which case, the retraction hook was on the edge, rather than at the center, of the TPA. Conclusions: The results of the analysis showed that when 6 anterior teeth were retracted posteriorly, lateral displacement of the canine and lingual displacement of the incisal edge and root apex of the anterior teeth occur without the extrusion of the anterior segment when the length of the lever arm is longer, and the posterior retraction hook is in the midpalatal area.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.281-293
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• 2020

Recently, large and small fires have been happening more often in Korea. Fire is one of the most frequent disasters along with traffic accidents in korean cities, and this frequency is closely related to the land use and the type of facilities. Therefore, in this study, the significance of fires was analyzed by considering land use, facility types, human and social factors and using 10 years of fire data in Jinju city. Based on this, OLS (Ordinary Least Square) regression analysis, SLM (Spatial Lag Model) and SEM (Spatial Error Model) using space weights, were compared and analyzed considering the location of the fire and each factor, then a statistical model with high suitability was presented. As a result, LISA analysis of spatial distribution patterns of fires in Jinju city was conducted, and it was proved that the frequency of fires was high in the order as follow, central commercial area, industrial area and residential area. Multiple regression analysis was performed by integrating demographic, social, and physical variables. Therefore, the three models were compared and analyzed by applying spatial weighting to the derived factors. As a result of the significance test, the spatial error model was analyzed to be the most significant. The facilities that have the highest correlation with fire occurrence were second type neighborhood facilities, followed by detached house, first type neighborhood facilities, number of households, and sales facilities. The results of this study are expected to be used as significant data to identify factors and manage fire safety in urban areas. Also, through the analysis of the standard deviation ellipsoid, the distribution characteristics of each facility in the residential area, industrial area, and central commercial area among the use areas were analyzed. In, the second type neighborhood facility with the highest fire risk was concentrated in the center. The results of these studies are expected to be used as useful data for identifying factors and managing fire safety in urban areas.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.301-311
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• 2013

This study aims to analyze characteristics, health behaviors and health management level related to private health examination recipients in one general hospital. To achieve this, we analyzed 150,501 cases of private health examination data for 11 years from 2001 to 2011 for 20,696 participants in 2011 in a Dae-Jeon general hospital health examination center. The cluster analysis for classify private health examination group is used z-score standardization of K-means clustering method. The logistic regression analysis, decision tree and neural network analysis are used to periodic/non-periodic private health examination classification model. 1,000 people were selected as a customer management business group that has high probability to be non-periodic private health examination patients in new private health examination. According to results of this study, private health examination group was categorized by new, periodic and non-periodic group. New participants in private health examination were more 30~39 years old person than other age groups and more patients suspected of having renal disease. Periodic participants in private health examination were more male participants and more patients suspected of having hyperlipidemia. Non-periodic participants in private health examination were more smoking and sitting person and more patients suspected of having anemia and diabetes mellitus. As a result of decision tree, variables related to non-periodic participants in private health examination were sex, age, residence, exercise, anemia, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, obesity and liver disease. In particular, 71.4% of non-periodic participants were female, non-anemic, non-exercise, and suspicious obesity person. To operation of customized customer management business for private health examination will contribute to efficiency in health examination center.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2005

Purpose : This study was peformed to study normative blood pressure data in full-term neonates that may be used to facilitate Identification of neonatal hypertension.Methods : 383 newborns born in our hospital from May 2003 to January 2004 were enrolled in this study Using an oscillometric device(BP-88 NEXT, COLIN Corp.), their blood pressures were measured more than one time within a week after birth. According to each clinical variable such as sex, delivery mode, birth weight, gestational age and presence of maternal disease or perinatal problems, we divided the population into groups and calculated the mean blood pressures of each group. We compared mean blood pressures between the divided groups according to each clinical variable statistically.Results : Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure of the Population was 70.8$\pm$ 10.9 mmHg and 43.4 $\pm$ 8.0 mmHg, respectively. There was no satistically significant difference in blood pressure according to clinical variables. Mean systolic pressure showed positive correlation with birth weight and gestational age(r=0.1420, 0.03130).Conclusion : Our results are almost in agreement with Zubrow's data from 695 newborns in U.S.A, 1995. Our data may be helpful for early detection and management of neonatal hypertension, thereby maintaining renal function ,and preventing possible complications of renal disease.