• Information and Communications Magazine
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.37-50
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• 2013

아이폰을 비롯한 새로운 스마트 기기의 도입으로 촉발된 폭발적인 데이터 트래픽의 증가는 사회.경제적으로 큰 변화를 가져 왔으며, 앞으로도 그 추세가 계속될 것으로 예측되고 있다. 국내의 경우 증가하는 데이터 트래픽을 수용하기 위해 10MHz의 LTE 시스템을 도입하여 상용 서비스를 시작한 바 있으며, 올해 하반기부터는 20MHz의 광대역 LTE 서비스와 함께 2개의 반송파를 집성하는 CA(Carrier Aggregation) 기술이 적용된 LTE-Advanced, 즉 4G 상용 서비스를 이미 개시하였다. LTE 상용 서비스가 본격화 되기 시작하면서 제조업체와 대학, 연구소 등을 중심으로 다음 세대 이동통신 기술에 대한 관심이 보다 높아졌으며, 최근 LTE-Advanced 상용 서비스 개시를 계기로 5G 이동통신에 대한 논의가 본격적으로 시작되고 있다. ITU-R WP(Working Party) 5D는 2012년 7월에 개최된 제13차 회의에서 2020년 및 그 이후의 미래 IMT 시스템을 위한 비전(Vision) 및 기술동향 연구를 수행하기로 결정하였으며, 2013년부터 본격적인 연구에 착수하여 미래 IMT 기술동향 보고서와 미래 IMT 비전 권고를 각각 2014년과 2015년까지 개발할 계획이다. 이와 관련하여 3GPP와 IEEE 802도 현재 표준화가 진행되거나 진행 예정인 최신 기술들을 중심으로 미래 IMT 기술동향 보고서에 대한 기고를 제출하였다. 향후 ITU-R WP 5D는 전례로 볼 때 현재 진행 중인 2020년 및 그 이후의 미래 IMT 시스템을 위한 비전 및 기술동향 연구 작업이 마무리하면, 4G인 IMT-Advanced의 경우와 마찬가지로 5G의 기술적 요구사항을 정의하고, 5G 후보 기술규격을 외부 표준화 기구들로부터 제안 받아 5G 기술로 승인하는 과정을 밟게 될 것이며, 이후 이 요구사항을 만족하는 시스템을 5G 이동통신 시스템이라고 명명하게 될 것이다. 5G 이동통신 시스템에 대한 요구사항은 다양한 의견 교류를 통해 큰 틀에서 컨센서스를 이루어가는 중이며, 이러한 내용이 ITU-R WP 5D의 기술적 요구사항에 반영되어 보다 구체화 될 것이다. 반면 5G에 대한 기술적 접근방법에 대해서는 여러 시각들이 존재하는 것이 사실이나, 현재 이에 대한 논의가 활발히 진행되고 있으며, 결국은 관련 표준화 기구들에서의 논의를 통해 그 접근방법이 최종적으로 결정될 것으로 보인다. 본 고에서는 먼저 5G 이동통신 요구사항과 4G 이후의 표준화 기술에 대해 살펴 본 후, 향후 이동통신 기술이 어떤 시나리오에 따라 발전할 것인지, 5G 네트워크는 어떤 구조를 갖게 될지, 그리고 어떤 기술이 적용될 지 등에 대해 개인적인 시각에서 전망해보고자 한다.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.35-44
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to find out quantitative vulnerability assessment about COTS(Commercial Off The Shelf) O/S based I&C System. This paper analyzed vulnerability's lifecycle and it's impact. this paper is to develop a quantitative assessment of overall cyber security risks and vulnerabilities I&C System by studying the vulnerability analysis and prediction method. The probabilistic vulnerability assessment method proposed in this study suggests a modeling method that enables setting priority of patches, threshold setting of vulnerable size, and attack path in a commercial OS-based measurement control system that is difficult to patch an immediate vulnerability.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.421-429
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• 2000

In present, ATM integrated switching system has been developed to a mixed modules that complexed switching system including maintenance, operation based on B-ISDN/LAN service and plug-in module, , which runs on workstation computer system. Meanwhile, workstation has HMI operation system feature including file system management, time management, graphic processing, TMN agent function. The workstation has communicated with between ATM switching module and clients. This computer system architecture has much burden messages communication among processes or processor. These messages communication consume system resources which are socket, message queue, IO device files, regular files, and so on. Therefore, in this paper we proposed new performance modeling with this system architecture. We will analyze the system bottleneck and improve system performance. In addition, in the future, the system has many additional features should be migrated to workstation system, we need previously to evaluate system bottleneck and redesign it. In performance model, we use queueing network model and the simulation package is used PDQ and C-program.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.158-170
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• 2008

In response to the changing demands of ever competitive market, SK Telecom has built a new marketing system that can support dynamic marketing campaigns and, at the same time, scale up to the large volumes of data and transactions for the next decade. The system which employs Unix-based client-server (using Web browser interfaces) architecture will replace the current mainframe-based COIS system. The project, named NGM (Next Generation Marketing ), is unprecedentedly large in scale. However, both managerial and technical problems led the project into a crisis. The application framework that depended on a software solution from a major global vendor could not support the dynamic functionalities required for the new system. In March 2005, SK telecom declared the suspension of the NGM project. The second phase of the project started in May 2005 following a comprehensive replanning. It was decided that no single existing solution could cope with the complexity of the new system and hence the new system would be custom-built. As such. a number of technical challenges emerged. In this paper, we report on the three key dimensions of technical challenges - middleware and application framework, database architecture and tuning, and system performance. The processes and approaches, adopted in building NGM system, may be viewed as "best practices" in the telecom industry. The completed NGM system, now called "U.key System," successfully came into operation on the ninth of October, 2006. This new infrastructure is expected to give birth to a series of innovative, fruitful, and customer-oriented applications in the near future.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2002

We present a new MDA-based Mobile-IPv6 multicast routing algorithm for wirelese service operators to offer Mobile-IP over IMT-2000 service under IMT-2000 network by taking advantage of the existing infrastructure for IMT-2000 multimedia application services. The extended IMT-2000 system architectures use an PDSNs (i.e. IWFs), and the home network (i.e. Internet) backbone and intermediate network are composed of ATM entities. A key feature of the new protocol is the use of MDA(Multicast Delivery Agent) to reduce delivery path length of the multicast datagram. We show that proposed protocol is efficient in terms of various performance measures such as multicast traffic load, multicast related handoff, and average routing length when we implement it using the Mobile-IPv6. Particularly, the number of tunneling and average routing length of datagram are reduced relatively, the multicast traffic load is also decreased.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.851-861
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• 1998

Korean language is to be characterized by the rich vocal sound variation. In order to increase the probability of vocal sound recognition and to provide a natural vocal sound synthesis, a systematic and thorough research into the characteristics of Korean language including its vocal sound changing rules is required. This paper addresses an effective way of vocal sound recognition and synthesis by providing the design and implementation of the Korean vocal sound variation rule. The regulation we followed for the design of the vocal sound variation rule is the Phonetic Standard(Section 30. Chapter 7) of the Korean Orthographic Standards. We have first factor out rules for each regulations, then grouped them into 27 groups for eaeh final-consonant. The Phonological Change Processing System suggested in the paper provides a fast processing ability for vocal sound variation by a single application of the rule. The contents of the process for information augmented to words or the stem of innected words are included in the rules. We believe that the Phonological Change Processing System will facilitate the vocal sound recognition and synthesis by the sentence. Also, this system may be referred as an example for similar research areas.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.361-369
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• 2019

With the commercialization of the ADAS functions, the need for the experience of the autonomous driving system is increasing, and the role of the artificial intelligence agent is attracting attention. This study is an autonomous driving experience experiment that verifies the effect of self-efficacy and agent embodiment. Through a simulator experiment, we measured the effect of existence of self-efficacy and agent embodiment on social presence, perceived risk, and perceived ease of use. Results show that self-efficacy had a positive effect on social presence and perceived risk, and agent embodiment negatively affected perceived ease of use. Based on the results of the study, we proposed guidelines for agent design that can increase the acceptance of the semi-autonomous driving system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.10a
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• pp.35-40
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• 2021

People counting data is crucial for most business owners, since they can derive meaningful information about customers movement within their businesses. For example, owners of the supermarkets can increase or decrease the number of checkouts counters depending on number of occupants. Also, it has many applications in smart buildings, too. Where it can be used as a smart controller to control heating and cooling systems depending on a number of occupants in each room. There are advanced technologies like camera-based people counting system, which can give more accurate counting result. But they are expensive, hard to deploy and privacy invasive. In this paper, we propose a method and a hardware sensor for counting people passing through a passage or an entrance using IR Infrared sensors. Proposed sensor operates at low voltage, so low power consumption ensure long duration on batteries. Moreover, we propose a new method that distinguishes human body and other objects. Proposed method is inexpensive, easy to install and most importantly, it is real-time. The evaluation of our proposed method showed that when counting people passing one by one without overlapping, recall was 96% and when people carrying handbag like objects, the precision was 88%. Our proposed method outperforms IR Infrared based people counting systems in term of counting accuracy.

• Information and Communications Magazine
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.82-95
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• 2001

OXC는 정적인 점대점 광전송망에서 동적인 그물형 전광통신망으로 진화하기 위하여 망에 도입되어야 할 새로운 광네트워크 장비이다. OXC는 링크 단위의 스위칭을 하는 FXC 파장 단위의 스위칭 기능이 있으나 파장 변환 기능이 없는 WSXC, 그리고 파장 변환 기능이 있는 WIXC로 구분할 수 있으며, 이들간의 hybrid 도 가능하다. OXC 하드웨어의 중심을 이루는 것은 광스위치이다. MEMS 기술, 열광학 효과를 이용한 광도파로 기술, 전반사를 이용하는 bubble 스위치 기술 등을 사용하여 개발이 진행되고 있다. 현재까지는 이 중 3D MEMS 기술이 대용량 스위치를 구성할 가능성이 있는 기술로 받아들여지고 있다. OXC를 구성하는데 있어서 또 다른 핵심적인 기술에는 파장변환 기술이 있다. 광전 파장변환기와 전광 파장변환기 방식이 현재 연구되고 있으며 초기에는 광전변환 방식이 OXC 시스템에 적용될 가능성이 높다. 전광 파장변환기의 시스템 적용을 위해서는 좀 더 많은 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다. OXC를 사용하는 전광통신망에서 광스위치 기술 이상으로 많은 논란이 되는 것은 망의 운용 문제이다. 현재 가장 많이 언급되는 모델은 오버레이 모델과 피어 모델이다. 오버레이 모델은 클라이언트/서버 개념에 기반한 모델인 반면 피어 모델은 광 네트워크 장비와 기존 장비를 대등한 관계로 정의한 모델이다. 각각의 모델에 대해서는 표준화 단체에 따라 약간씩 다른 입장을 취하고 있지만 상호 간에 수용 또는 타협할 점이 많다고 볼 수 있다. OXC를 포함하는 전광 통신망을 운용할 때에는 동적 연결 설정 및 해제를 위한 새로운 신호 방식이 필요하다. 이를 위하여 ITU-T 및 OIF에서 UNI와 NNI등의 인터페이스와 여기에 사용되는 신호 방식을 논의하고 있다. 그 외에도 전광 통신망 운용에 필요한 라우팅 및 파장할당 방법과 OXC를 이용한 그물형 망에서의 보호 및 복구에 대한 연구도 활발히 진행되고 있다.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.297-307
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• 1999

A character recognition system, where a large amount of character images arrive continuously in real time, must preprocess character images very quickly. Moreover, information loss due to image trans-formations such as geometric normalization and thinning needs to be minimized especially when character images are small and noisy. Therefore, we suggest a prompt and effective feature extraction method without transforming original images. For this, boundary pixels are defined in terms of the degree in classification, and those boundary pixels are considered selectively in extracting features. The proposed method is tested by a handwritten character recognition and a car plate number recognition. The experiments show that the proposed method is effective in recognition compared to conventional methods. And an overall reduction of execution time is achieved by completing all the required processing by a single image scan.