• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.673-692
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• 2006

In order to test for the dynamic optimality condition for the use of nonrenewable resource, it is necessary to estimate the shadow value of the resource in situ. In the previous literatures, a time series for in situ price has been derived either as the difference between marginal revenue and marginal cost or by differentiating with respect to the quantity of ore extracted the restricted cost function in which the quantity of ore is quasi-fixed. However, not only inconsistent estimates are likely to be generated due to the nonmalleability of capital, but the estimate of marginal revenue will be affected by market power. Since firms will likely fail to minimize the cost of the reproducible inputs subject to market prices under realistic circumstances where imperfect factor markets, strikes, or government regulations are present, the shadow in situ values obtained by estimating the restricted cost function can be biased. This paper provides a valid methodology for checking the dynamic optimality condition for a nonrenewable resource by using the input distance function. Our methodology has some advantages over previous ones: only data on quantities of inputs and outputs are required; nor is the maintained hypothesis of cost minimization required; adoption of linear programming enables us to circumvent autocorrelated errors problem caused by use of time series or panel data. The dynamic optimality condition for domestic coal mining does not hold for constant discount rates ranging from 2 to 20 percent over the period 1970~1993. The dynamic optimality condition also does not hold for variable rates ranging from fourth to four times the real interest rate.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.33-75
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• 2011

The ownership structure of a franchise system is determined by the franchisor's strategic choice. A close look at the extant theories and perspectives in economics and management such as resource scarcity theory, agency theory, transaction cost analysis, and mixed ownership theory reveals that firms choose their ownership structure for the sake of economic efficiency, profit potentials, the chance of survival, and other strategic concerns. The present study, on the basis of strategic choice perspective, reviews the divergent theories of a franchise system's ownership structure and its determinants, thus providing a theoretical framework for comparing the contradictory arguments along the several critical dimensions. We also developed and tested the conflicting hypotheses regarding key determinants of ownership structure including firm's age, size, transaction-specific investments, uncertainty, and risk-sharing propensity. Using a FDD (Franchise Disclosure Document) data set of 543 Korean franchisors, we found that the years in business, the total number of employees, days of training, the inverse of the years of franchising, and the requirement of royalty payment have positive relationships with the proportion of company-owned outlets to total number of outlets. On the other hand, the proportion of company-owned outlets was found to have negative relationships with the total number of outlets and the extent of geographic dispersion of outlets, but to have no significant relationships with the initial investment required and the inverse of contract length. Based on the findings, we provide several theoretical and managerial implications for studying ownership structure of franchise systems.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.586-599
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• 2017

This study attempts to understand the overall research trends in Vocational Studies using a text mining method, which is a means to analyze big data. The findings of the research show that Vocational Studies in Korea has been directly influenced by global economic crises, as evidenced by its exponential growth after the 1997 foreign exchange crisis that resulted in a bailout from the IMF. In addition, the topics of research have been shifting from such macro subjects as government policies and systems to such micro topics as individual career development. Moreover, the perspective of research is being moved from the socially vulnerable, including women and the disabled, to the economically marginalized, including retirees and the unemployed. As for the research targets, college students overwhelmingly outnumbered primary and secondary school students. However, few cases analyzed the clinical outcomes of career counseling or attempted to process job information and study the history of jobs. This research is limited in that it only analyzed journal abstracts. Nonetheless, it is meaningful because it used topic analysis, one of the text mining methods, to give a complete enumeration of all articles available for search, thereby crafting a framework of quantitative analysis methodology for Vocational Studies. It is also significant in that it is the first attempt to analyze themes in every stage of the development of Vocational Studies.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.692-700
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• 2016

The study proposed a strategy for supporting North Korea's SOC construction in the future by reviewing domestic and foreign cases. According to the literatureanalysis, we developed a candidate list of technology for SOC of North Korea in terms of Construction Management / economy sectors. The category is North Korea SOC construction support, and the sub-category is North Korea SOC construction support program. The implementation procedures included the following six steps: Preparation, Support for Establishing Construction Industry Base, Support for Establishing Business Management Base, Support for HR Management Base, Business Model Establishment/Expansion, and Monitoring of Management Result. Lastly, we developed twenty-five candidates of detailed technology. In the future, it is necessary to decide a methodology for project implementation by each scenario after selecting a study area, and to develop a more specified scenario.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.151-161
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• 2016

As part of a policy to address climate change and pollution problem, the government introduced a green credit card scheme in order to motivate pro-environmental behaviors in July 2011. It is important to present the specific ways to facilitate pro-environmental behaviors using the consumer behavior pattern data. This study was a result of data from total fifty seven thousands customer purchasing history data of green credit card to be created for the 3 months from January to March 2015. As the analysis process is put in to operation the analysis of the purchasing customer's profile firstly, and the second come into association analysis to consider the buying associations for green products purchasing networks, the third estimate the useful parameters to affect the customer's pro-environmental behavior and customer characteristics. It shows that royal customers are from 30 to 40 years old and their incomes are from 30 million won to 40 million won. Especially, they live in Daegu, Gyeonggi, and Seoul.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.3-11
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• 2014

Recently, rapid urbanization has necessitated continuous updates in digital map to provide the latest and accurate information for users. However, conventional aerial photogrammetry has some restrictions on periodic updates of small areas due to high cost, and as-built drawing also brings some problems with maintaining quality. Alternatively, this paper proposes a scheme for efficient and accurate update of digital map using point cloud data acquired by Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS). Initially, from the whole point cloud data, the building sides are extracted and projected onto a 2D image to trace out the 2D building footprints. In order to register the footprint extractions on the digital map, 2D Affine model is used. For Affine parameter estimation, the centroids of each footprint groups are randomly chosen and matched by means of a modified RANSAC algorithm. Based on proposed algorithm, the experimental results showed that it is possible to renew digital map using building footprint extracted from TLS data.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.127-134
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• 2016

Land suitability assessment for apples and pears was conducted with soil and climate information in South Korea. In doing so, we intended to preserve land and increase the productivity by providing valuable information regarding where more suitable areas for apples or pears are located. We used soil classification driven by soil environmental information system developed by National Institute of Agricultural Science, RDA, and also used climate classification in digital agro-climate map database for which is made by National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science. We combined both soil and climate classification results using a most-limiting characteristic method. The combined results showed very similar patterns with the results by classification based on soil information. Such results seem to come from the fact that the classification results by soil relatively lower than those by climate information. The results by soil classification seem to be too downgraded and checking if the final classification ranges in soil are reasonably made is strongly required. Although the most limiting characteristic method had been used widely in land suitability assessment, adapting the method based on results by soil and climate can be influenced by one downgraded factor. Therefore, alternative ways should be carefully considered for increasing the accuracy.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1-19
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• 2008

The purpose of this research is to schematize and suggest the new trends of study and changing aspects of science and technology hidden in a bibliographical phenomenon of documentation to researchers and policy-makers all through the Knowledge Map. The field of study to be analyzed in this research is the Access Network field. The reason why this field has been selected as the main target of study is that the Access Network field is economically important and characterized by its wide sphere where a variety of fields are interconnected. In addition, it is important to measure the applied as well as fundamental aspects of technology by using bibliographical method and technique. Knowledge Map successfully visualizes the inter-relations of the keywords and sub-fields of Access Network. The importance of visualizing methods in the convincing presentation of results has not been sufficiently understood in the past. Knowledge Map opens a new opportunity for cartography of science and information visualization. The Knowledge Map results have produced a great deal more than statistical artifact. We aimed to exploit the visualization effect of the Knowledge Maps to the aid of searchers in Access Network domain, and the results are quite encourging.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.67-73
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• 2006

Purpose: The number of patients receiving radiotherapy has increased every year and will keep increasing in the future. Therefore, the technique of radiotherapy is developing from day to day, as a result of it, the quantities of image and data used for radiotherapy are also considerably increasing. Therefore, there have been many difficulties in storing, keeping and managing them. Then, we developed and applied this system for improving complicated work process as well as solving these problems with the collaboration Medical Information Team. Materials and Methods: We exported its image at R & V (Record and Verify: Varis vision, Varian, USA) system and planning system after giving some code to be able to access from management system(RO) for department of radiation oncology to PACS. And, we programmed their information by using necessary information among many information included in DICOM head. Results: All images and data generated by our working environment (Simulation CT, L-gram image and internal body structure, DRR, does distribution )were realized at PACS and it became to be possible for clear image to be printed from any computer in department of radiation oncology. Conclusion: It was inevitable to use film during radiotherapy for patients in the past, however, due to the development of this system, film-less system became to be possible. Therefore, the darkroom space and its management cost in relation to the development process disappeared and it became to be unnecessary for spending tangible and intangible financial expense including human resources, time needed for finding film storing space and film and purchasing separate storing equipment for storing images. Finally, we think this system would be very helpful to handle ail complicated processes for radiotherapy and increasing efficiency of overall working conditions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.608-611
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• 2003

선진국입을 목전에 둔 한국경제의 발전을 위해서 지식과 기술을 기반으로 한 벤처기업의 생성과 발전은 매우 중요한 요소라 할 수 있다. 민과 관의 적절한 벤처 투자는 미래의 기업가들에게 신지식 창조의 동기를 부여하고 성장, 발전단계에 있는 기업들에게 자본을 공급함으로써 미래의 산업을 창조하는 매우 중요한 활동이다. 국내외적으로 벤처 투자자본에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되어 왔으나 재무론을 바탕으로 한 벤처투자에 관한 연구와 다양한 벤처투자자본들의 유형과 투자행태 등을 설문지를 통해 밝혀내는 탐색적 연구들에 국한되어 연구, 발표되고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 벤처자본시장의 대표적 투자자본인 사적 창업투자회사와 정부 벤처정책투자 간의 전략적 상호작용을 가격모델을 통해 고찰하였다. Bertrand paradox의 가정에서 기술한 바와 같이 정부 벤처정책투자간 민간 창업투자회사들과 같은 투자전략을 구사하면 민간 창업투자회사들은 시장에서 살아남기 어렵고 결과적으로 정부는 벤처기업의 생성 및 발전지원이라는 목적에 부합되지 않은 투자를 한 것이 된다. Hotelling(1929)의 위치차별모델이 역설하는 바와 같이 정부 벤처정책투자는 사적 창업투자회사가 지향하는 투자와는 다른 투자정책을 구사할 때만 벤처기업 육성이라는 목표를 효율적으로 수행할 수가 있을 것이다. 이 연구 논문에서는 다양한 투자변수에 대한 Nash Equibrium이 존재함을 증명함으로써 사적 창업투자회사와 정부의 벤처정책투자가 벤처기업의 육성이라는 목적에 맞는 효율적 투자를 하기 위해 취해야 할 투자 전략들을 밝혀내었다.가 있는 것 같다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 웹기반 쇼핑시스템의 확산에 관련된 균형된 분석을 수행하기 위하여 경영(management)과 기술 (technology)을 조화롭게 고려한 관점에서 연구를 수행하고자 한다. 즉, 본 논문에서는 기술적 측면(technical aspect)과 경영적 측면(management aspect)을 동시에 고려하여 웹기반 쇼핑시스템의 주요만 특성을 살펴보고, 향후 정보통신 기술(ICT)의 확산에 관한 연구에서 두 가지 관점의 통합적 중요성에 대하여 강조하고자 한다. 그에 덧붙여 웹기반 쇼핑시스템과 다른 정보시스템을 비교하여 전자상거래 환경에서 웹기반 쇼핑시스템의 주요만 특성들이 두가지 연구관점에서 어떻게 개념화 될 수 있는지를 고찰하고자 한다. 이러만 분석에 기반하여 본 연구에서는 기술적 측면과 경영적인 측면을 동시에 고려한 웹기반 쇼핑시스템의 특성을 제시하고자 한다. 결론적으로 본 연구의 목적은 본 논문에서 적용한 기술(technical)과 경영(management)의 조화로운 연구관점이 향후 정보통신 기술이나 시스템, 그리고 전자상거래에 관련된 일련의 연구에 적응되어 보다 균형잡힌 논의와 분석이 이루어 질 수 있는 시발점이 되길 기대한다.생된 $CH_{4}$를 회수하여 이용하면 대체에너지원으로 활용 가치가 높은 것으로 판단된다./207), $99.2\%$(238/240), $98.5\%$(133/135) 및 $100\%$ (313)였다. 각각 두 개의 요골동맥과 우내흉동맥에서 부