• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2008

"Summer Deadweight Tonnage(SDWT)" is used as the criteria of the berthing capacity when establishing port entry limits under current guideline. The important factors affecting to the maximum ship size of possible berthing are mass, length and breath of the ship rather than deadweight. Therefore this guideline should be modified to ensure safety and efficient operation of berth. This study aimed to propose a rational guideline to adjust the berthing capacity. In order to decide proper berthing capacity, three berths of Port of Ulsan were selected and systematic evaluations for the safety of passage transit, berthing maneuvers, ship motions at berth and stabilities of structures were conducted. Small changes of ship size had little effect on those characteristics and little significant differences were found according to the increase of ship size at the same displacement. The evaluation results of the increasement of 50% of berthing capacity at 20,000 DWT, 25% at 40,000 DWT and 13% at 150,000 DWT were within the design criteria in which the berths were built. Therefore, if the channel width, diameter of turning circle, berth length and mooring arrangements are satisfied with the criteria, the current berth limitations should be adjusted by the displacement. as substitute for the deadweight.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2022.11a
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• pp.351-356
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• 2022

Among the path planning methods used to generate the ship's path, the graph search-based method is widely used because it has the advantage of its completeness, optimality. In order to apply the graph-based search method to the berthing path plan, the deviation from the path must be minimized. Path following suitability should be considered essential, since path deviation during berthing can lead to collisions with berthing facilities. However, existing studies of graph search-based berthing path planning are dangerous for application to real-world navigation environments because they produce results with a course change just before berthing. Therefore, in this paper, we develop a cost function suitable for path following, and propose a 3D A* algorithm that applies it. In addition, in order to evaluate the suitability for the actual operating environment, the results of the path generation of the algorithm are compared with the trajectory of the data collected by manned operations.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.30 no.10 s.116
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• pp.839-845
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• 2006

A laser docking system provides a centimeter-level accuracy distance from jetty mounted laser sensors in order to help a vessel to approach to a pier. It is very accurate & useful, whereas there are too many considerable problems. Laser sensors of the laser docking system need to be correctly positioned and installed on a jetty to allow for full range of vessels to be berthed and to consider loading condition and tidal variations. Above all, the laser docking system is expensive and its service coverage is limited. In order to solve these problems, CDGPS positioning method using GPS satellites has been proposed. This paper presents that, through RHDOP simulation, the previous CDGPS positioning method using only GPS satellites is not able to provide the continuous service with centimeter-level positioning accuracy. And this paper proposes a pseudolite-augmented positioning method for vessel docking in order to solve the problem of the continuous service on the previous CDGPS positioning method. In this paper, pseudolite is used to aid in CDGPS positioning. This paper shows that the proposed method can provides the continuous service through comparison analysis of RHDOP simulation results between the GPS satellite constellation and the pseudolite-augmented GPS satellite constellation. Furthermore, it is shown that the proposed positioning method satisfies the positioning performance required for vessel automatic docking at a test bed designed for performance evaluation.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.23-35
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• 2008

The purpose of this paper is to suggest a rational cost allocation method that is efficient and fair. Cost allocation by taking cooperative game theory shows fair allocation considering marginal cost by ship type. Current berth occupancy charging method can not recover quay construction costs. Because it levies charges according to berthing time and tonnage of ships without considering the recovery of quay construction costs. And there are also cross subsidies among ships. This paper suggests the cost allocation method of cooperative game theory as a fair and efficient method.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2020.11a
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• pp.589-592
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• 2020

본 논문은 스마트 해상 물류에 필요한 최신 Edge Computing과 인공지능을 구성한 자율 접안 시뮬레이터의 개발이다. 먼저, 스마트 해상 물류에서 선박의 접안에 관한 요구 사항을 분석하고, 다음으로 그 분석된 결과를 사용하여 서비스, 시스템, 핵심부품을 설계하고 제작한다. 결국, 본 논문은 스마트 해상물류에 필요한 자율접안 시뮬레이터를 개발한다. 향후, 본 논문은 실제 스마트 해상 물류에 필요한 Edge Computing과 인공지능의 기계 학습 알고리즘을 개발할 계획이다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.2109-2112
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• 2007

독도는 울릉도에서도 동남쪽으로 약 87.4km 떨어져 외해의 영향을 많이 받고 있는 지역이지만 방파제 등 외곽시설이 전무하여 평상파랑에도 접안이 어려운 경우가 많아서 독도 관광자원 활용도 및 편의시설 제공면에서 많은 어려움이 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 독도 접안시설의 전면에 최근 국내에 본격적으로 도입되고 있는 부방파제(floating breakwater)를 설치할 경우 고정식 방파제 설치에 따른 문제점을 충분히 개선할 수 있다고 판단하여, 부방파제 설치에 따른 기술적인 타당성과 부두 이용률 개선효과 등을 연구 하였다. 독도의 접안시설은 해역이 동도와 서도에 의해 북쪽은 일부 차폐되고 남쪽은 직접 노출되어 있는 지리적 특성이 있어 주 파향인 남쪽계열의 8개 파향(SE, SSE, S, SW, SSW, WSW, W, WNW)의 평상파 제어가 가능하도록 방파제를 배치하였고, 이에 따른 부두 이용률 검토결과 부방파제를 설치할 경우 남쪽계열 파랑에 대하여 현상태에 비하여 부두 이용률이 대략 2배정도 증가되는 것으로 나타났으며, 부방파제 계류시스템의 안정에 대해서도 부체에 영향을 주는 외력에 대하여 계류체인의 길이와 Anchor Block 자중의 규모를 적당히 조정하면 충분히 안정한 것으로 검토되었다.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.303-308
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• 2006

In this paper, the authors calculated manoeuvring motions of a large container vessel approaching to the newly built container piers to get alongside to her berth in Busan harbour. The motion calculations were done by using fixed coordinate system and the object of the calculations is to check the manoeuvring motions are safe or not for berthing the large vessel to her berth. The result of calculations manifested that a large container vessel can get alongside to the piers without any difficulty under normal weather conditions by using 2 Z. Peller tug boats of 4500 H.P. each and also these demonstrated it is difficult to conduct and get her alongside to the piers under rough weather conditions of wind force 16.9m/sec or more. Under rough weather conditions of 6 by beaufort scale the average wind velocity is about 13.5m and if we add 25% increase of the normal velocity to it, the wind will becomes a gust of 16.9m/sec. So it is advisable to avoid conducting a large container vessel to the pier under the rough weather conditions of 6 or more by beaufort scale. Also, I is better to use 3 Z. peller tug boats of 4500 HP. each under the above mentioned rough weather in a case of unavoidable circumstances.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.228-229
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• 2018

To deal with the increasing volume of the vessel's cargo in the container flow and the enlargement trend of the vessels, Pusan port is making efforts from various perspectives such as the creation of global infrastructure and the promotion and development of new wharves. If Pusan port can provide and prepare the eligible infrastructures for future berthing of larger vessels. It will be able to operate with vessels larger than 20,000TEU, and it will also be able to grow into one of the main port of the Mega max era.. However, when large vessels dock, many berths, equipment, working time and labors are required. As a result, the problem of delaying time of other consecutive vessels will inevitably arise. In response to this, we analyze the impact and effect of the birthing of a large vessel on other congestion vessels at a container terminal.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2012.06a
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• pp.183-185
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• 2012

선박의 다양화와 부두의 제한성으로 인하여 수심이 얕은 수역이나 협소한 부두에 접안 시 소형계류시설 및 부유체를 이용하여 해상 공간을 활용하고 있다. 이를 통하여 다양한 장소에서 접안이 가능하며 나아가 상당한 비용절감 효과를 가질 수 있다. 그러나 소형계류 및 부유체를 활용한 선박의 접안 시 파랑에 의해 부유체와 선박간 충격이 발생할 수 있고 이러한 충격이 대형사고로 발생할 수 있는 위험이 상존함에 따라 계류재 및 부유체의 파랑에 의한 움직임 예측과 분석이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 계류재 및 부유체 운동해석을 위한 3차원 운동 정보와 가속도를 측정함으 써 거동 특성에 대한 기초 자료를 제공하는 계측시스템을 개발하였고, 이 시스템의 구성 및 원리 등에 대하여 소개하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2012.06a
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• pp.344-346
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• 2012

대산항 씨텍 제3번 돌핀부두에 최초 설계의 접안능력기준을 약간 상회하는 5만 DWT급 VLGC 선박이 접안작업을 할 경우, 돌핀의 용량에 따른 접안작업 동안의 안전성 여부를 대산항만의 입출항 제한 자연 환경조건을 적용하여 선박 계류측면에서의 안전성을 판단하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 대상선박의 부두에서의 최악의 외력조건과 계류장력과의 관계를 OCIMF에서 연구 발표한 결과를 바탕으로 계류안전성 계산공식을 적용하여 계류안전성을 평가하도록 한다.