• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.5-12
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• 2001

고유기질토의 정규압밀과 과입밀에 대한 압밀특성을 연구하기 위하여 전북지역에서 채취한 2종류의 고유기질토 IS와 YJ를 사용하여 일련의 실내 표준압밀시험과 반복압밀시험을 수행하였다. 전북지역 대표적인 고유기질토의 물리적 특성은 유기물함량이 각각 58%와 72%, 자연함수비 487%와 635%, 초기공극비 7.02와 9.72이었다. 표준압밀시험결과 K, $M_{v}$ , $C_{v}$ 는 압밀하중이 증가함에 따라서 선행하중을 경계로 일반 점토보다 크게 감소하는 특성을 보였다. 또한 2단계, 3단계 반복압밀 시험결과 K, $M_{v}$ 는 압밀하중이 증가함에 따라서 완만하게 감소하였으며 표준압밀시험결과보다는 작게 나타났다. 2단계 반복압밀의 경우 $C_{v}$ 는 정규압밀영역에서 표준압밀시험결과보다 약 10-12배정도 크게 나타났다. $C_{c}$ , $C_{a}$ 는 압밀하중이 증가함에 따라서 각각 선행하중의 약 2.5배, 3배 하중을 정점으로 크게 증감하는 고유기질토 고유의 특성을 나타냈다. 고유기질토의 $C_{c}$ , $C_{a}$ 는 일반 점토보다 압밀압력 의존성이 큰 특성을 나타냈으며 최대값도 각각 2.9-3.8, 0.3-0.4로 일반 점토보다 큰 값을 보였다. 2단계, 3단계 반복압밀시험결과 $C_{c}$ , $C_{a}$ 는 압밀하중이 증가함에 따라서 약간 증가하였다. $C_{a}$ 는 OCR이 증가함에 따라서 감소하였으며 특히 OCR이 1-2 범위에서 감소폭이 크게 나타났다. 고유길토의 제압밀계수는 반복회수 및 하중의 크기 등에 따라서 큰 영향을 받으며 또한 과압밀 크기의 대소는 고유기질토의 $C_{a}$ 에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 생각되어 이 분야에 대한 더 많은 연구가 필요하다.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.147-154
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• 2005

This study deals with the calibration of low-frequency water content reflectometer for measuring the volumetric water content of soils in landfill final cover layer, and the validity of calibrations was evaluated by electrical conductivity and index properties of the soils. Linear calibrations concerning volumetric water content to WCR period provided good agreement with the data. Analysis of the calibration data indicates that the slope of the calibration decreases as the electrical conductivity of the soil increases. Lower slopes correspond to soils with greater clay content, organic content, liquid limit, and plasticity index, which typically have higher electrical conductivity. It could be well explained that WCR can operate in a lower frequency range.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.125-134
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• 2000

지반이 산업용 기름으로 오염될 때 지반의 강도변화 특성을 연구하기 위하여 모래와 실트질 모래 및 카오리나이트를 대상으로 함수비아 함유비를 변화시키며 다짐실험, 투수실험, 비배수상태에서 삼축압축실험을 실시하였다. 실험결과에 의하면 밀도가 같은 모래의 경우는 기름을 혼합하였을 경우가 물을 혼합하였을 경우에 비해 약 7%정도 전단 강도가 떨어지고 실트질 모래와 카오리나이트 경우는 기름을 혼합하였을 경우가 물을 혼합하였을 경우에 비해 점토입자와 기름의 화학적, 물리학적인 상호 작용으로 5~15%정도 강도가 증가하는 현상을 보였다. 일반적으로 산업용 기름 유출에 따라 토양오염 및 수질오염으로 동.식물에 큰 영향을 주고 있으나 토질역학적 거동은 초기 상태 및 모래에서는 전단 강도가 감소하였으나 점성토의 경우는 기름 유출 또는 유입에 따라 응집성, 부착성이 생겨 강도증가 현상을 가져와 큰 문제점이 없는 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.75-86
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• 2002

This paper presents sedimentation and consolidation characteristics of dredged soils mixed with sand materials through the self-weight consolidation tests adopting stepwise filling method. After completely throwing away dredged soils daily by flour kinds of S-C, which is the quantity of sand contained, results fi:om laboratory tests are compared with those from a new method using hyperbolic, which considers stage settling and consolidating characteristics, and those from the existing analyzing method. Liquid limit up to 65% had a large effect on consistency properties. Assuming that the settlement occurred only by clay content of dredged soils, it is shown that the clay void ratio is less than 2 and 4 respectively in case S-C is 0% and 50%. In the applied hyperbolic method, reinitialized curve has a linear behavior of a coefficient of correlation of almost 1, and the coefficient of slope and intercept except fur the specimen with the height of 10cm and 20cm had a tendency to fellow exponent function and a shape of zone settling and dispersing settling. The results computed by the applied hyperbolic method rather than the existing analyzing method coincide with those of laboratory tests. It is shown that the former is more suitable than the latter for the area considering the influence, of sand materials.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.151-160
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• 1999

A series of laboratory tests for the marine clay sampled under the sea of Kwangyang bay have been conducted. The main types of tests are the general index property tests, the oedometer tests and the triaxial compression tests in both undrained(CIU) and drained(CID) conditions. The clayey samples, classified as CL, CH with natural water content of 38.3~84.6% and liquidity index of 0.71~0.98, are in the normally consolidated state with O.C.R. of 1.0l~l.60. The undrained stress path from CIU tests can be normalized with isotropic consolidation pressure$(p_0)$ and equal shear strain contour is linear passing through the origin in the (q, p) plot. The undrained shear strain is found to be the only function of the stress ratio($\eta$) and linear with intercept in the ($\varepsilon/\eta,\eta$) plot. The built-up pore pressure normalized with pc is also linear with respect to $\eta$. and its slope is defined by ´C´ as a pore pressure parameter. Equations to predict the undrained stress path and the shear strain are proposed. It is proved that the proposed equations give better agreements to the measured values than the Cam-clay theories. The failure points of the stress path are located on the same C.S.L. in (q, p) plot during both CIU and CID tests, which justifies the concept of critical state theory.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.81-92
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• 2011

The rheological properties of Wyoming bentonites are strongly influenced by the size of particles, cation exchangeable capacity, arrangement and morphology of clay mineral. This paper presents the results of rheological investigations on the Wyoming bentonites aqueous dispersions: two types of particle flocculation were considered. For the Wyoming bentonite, 0g/L and 30g/L NaCl equivalent salinity were added in fresh and salt water to examine the rheological behavior. This paper examined the general rheological characteristics, compatibility of rheological models and correlation between soil structure and change in rheological properties of Wyoming bentonite caused by increasing salinity. From flow curves of bentonites hydrated with fresh water and salt water, the observed general flow behavior is very close to shear thinning with yield stress (or ideal Bingham fluid with yield stress and plastic viscosity). However, the change of shear stress at the same shear rate is clear, particularly for lower shear rate. Well-known rheological models are used to fit the data. There is a good agreement between rheological model and data: Carreau, Herschel-Bulkley and power-law for S=0g/L and bilinear, Herschel-Bulkley and power-law for S=30g/L. It may be due to the fact that the internal structural bonding (strong modification of particle-particle interactions from edge-to-edge and/or edge-to-face to face-to-face) in soil matrix is affected from the evolution of rheological properties with different salinities.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.17-23
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• 2003

Accurate prediction of consolidation behaviors of the soft ground improved by plastic board drains is not easy because the consolidation characteristics of the improved ground has not been fully elucidated yet. The shape of drains is one of the most important factors which affect the consolidation characteristics of the improved ground. In this paper, a series of model consolidation tests of soft clay ground improved by plastic board drain were carried out, in order to investigate the effect of both plastic board width and stress level on consolidation characteristics of the improved ground. As the results, behaviors of both settlement and excess pore pressure dissipation were elucidated. Also, the non-uniform distribution of water content in the model ground was obtained. Then, in order to investigate the effect of vertical drainage on the consolidation behavior in the model tests, the comparison between experimental consolidation behaviors and Barron's theoretical ones were carried out. As the results, it was elucidated that the consolidation behavior in the model tests was affected not only by radial drainage but also by vertical drainage.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.51-58
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• 2014

In this research, the composite grounds including original clay and soil-cement were constructed for conducting uniaxial compression test. Strength and deformation properties were analysed using results of laboratory tests with variations of water content of clay, replacement ratio and cement content. Numerical simulation using 3D distinct element method was conducted for soil cement. For strength of composite ground that contains more than cement contents of 15 %, it is more effective to increase cement content than increase of replacement ratio. Strength and elastic modulus of composite ground could be predicted by regression equations using uniaxial compression strength of clay, cement content of soil cement and replacement ratio. For strength and elastic modulus of soil cement, which is most important things for predicting final strength and elastic modulus of composite ground, numerical simulation using the distinct element method adapted bonding model could be used to verify laboratory test, and predict strength and elastic modulus.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.822-826
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• 2015

This study investigated the possible use of vibration from polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF) film to enhance the performance of the deteriorated tunnel drainage due to physical/chemical clogging of the fine particles through a series of laboratory experiments. The test program was consisted of two different experiments, fundamental investigation and drainage model test. In the fundamental investigation, flow of clay slurry mixed with 50% water (freshwater and brine) on PVDF film with various frequencies was examined. In the model tests, slurry clogging to the woven fiber attached to drainage pipe and its reduction by vibration was investigated. Results of the experiment show that vibration from PVDF film enhances the drain performance significantly. Based upon the investigation, it gives an essential data that are needed for a potential use of hybrid drainage system with PVDF.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.59-67
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• 2019

Using the results from laboratory soil test, field vane test and piezocone penetration test, the engineering characteristics of the soft ground at east side of Gwangyang Port, which is located at south coast of Jeollanam-do, were investigated and optimal piezocone penetration test depth was derived to calculate piezocone factor. In this paper, the results of 61 laboratory soil tests, 226 times of field vane tests and 26 piezocone penetration tests were used. The result of laboratory soil test suggested that some physical properties such as specific gravity, moisture content, liquid limit and plastic index and others are higher than other south coast regions, meanwhile uniaxial compression strength, undrained shear strength, defined as mechanical property, appeared to be relatively small, distributed widely. According to the plastic chart, the ground was classified as high compressibility clay and low compressibility clay, mostly represent to Type 3 clay by Robertson (1990)'s classification chart. Piezocone factor was calculated by empirical method, based on the undrained shear strength which was obtained by the field vane test. According to the analysis with 3 different depth range, to set the appropriate measured depth range of piezocone penetration for comparation, using average value of the range of 5 times the vane length showed the highest correlation.