• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.272-276
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• 2004

Purpose: The incidence of nodal metastases is as low as 2 to $20\%$ in early gastric cancer, so there is a trend to lessen the extent of surgery. In addition, the adequate range for a lymphadenectomy is controversial, especially in early gastric cancer. In this study, we tried to find the minimal range for a lymphadenectomy by analyzing sentinel-node and solitary lymph-node metastases in gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: The total of 78 patients who underwent a curative gastrectomy with a D2 lymphadenectomy for early gastric cancer between 2000 and 2002 in the Department of Surgery, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, were included for the evaluation of sentinel-node metastases.. After a laparotomy, 25 mg of indocyanine green was mixed in 5 ml of normal saline, and all the dye was injected into the subserosal layer around the primary tumor. All nodes stained within 5 minutes were marked. In addition, a total of 141 patients, who underwent a curative gastrectomy between 1997 and 2001 at the Department of Surgery, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, were analyzed for solitary lymph- node metastases. Results: Among the 78 patients, sentinel nodes were detected in 69 patients ($88.5\%$). The sentinel nodes in 60 cases ($87.0\%$) were located in the perigastric area. However, 9 cases ($13.0\%$) had sentinel nodes in the N2 group. In the 141 cases that had a solitary metastatic node, 125 cases ($88.6\%$) demonstrated the metastatic lymph node in the perigastric area, and 16 cases ($11.4\%$) showed that the metastatic node in the N2 group. Conclusion: Taken together, removal of a perigastric lymph node could miss early metastases in gastric cancer, so a D1 lymphadenectomy should not be the minimal range of dissection if a lymphadenectomy is necessary. (J Korean Gastric Cancer Assoc 2004;4:272-276)

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.154-160
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• 2006

Purpose: According to the 2nd English Edition of the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association (JGCA) in 1998, in case of distal gastric cancer, the 14v (superior mesenteric vein) lymph node (LN) is included in the N2 group. However, in Korea, a modified radical gastrectomy is performed, and a 14v LN dissection is not done as a routine procedure. Thus, we investigated the rate of metastatic 14v LNs, evaluated the necessity of dissection of the 14v LN, and searched for indications of 14v LN dissection. Materials and Methods: From April 2004 to August 2005, we enrolled the patients who were diagnosed as having advanced gastric cancer in the distal third portion of the stomach. We peformed a distal gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection as defined in the 2nd English edition of the JGCA classification. We calculated the positive rate of metastatic LNs of each station and analyzed the relationship between the positive rates of No.6 LNs and 14v LNs. We also compared the positive 14v LN group with the negative 14v LN group. Results: The total number of patients was 50, the mean age was 56 (range $30{\sim}80$) years, and sex ratio (Male/Female) was 1.63 : 1. In 47 (94%) cases, distal a gastrectomy with gastroduodenostomy was done, and in the remaining 3 (6%) cases, a distal gastrectomy with gastrojejunostomy was done. The most frequently metastatic LNs were nos. 3 and 6 (54%). The metastatic rate of the f4v LN was 10%, which was similar to that of LN no. 9. In the comparison of the 14v positive group with the 14v negative group, there were significant differences in the numbers of metastatic LNs (mean 25.4 vs 4.91, P<0.001) and the numbers of metastatic no. 6 LNs, (mean 6.8 vs 1.42, P<0.001), and if no. 6 LNs were metastatic, the possibility of metastasis to the 14v LN was 19.2%. In the 14v positive group, all cases were more than stage 3 by the UICC 6th edition. Conclusion: In cases of advanced cancer with metastasis to the no. 6 IN, there was a good chance of metastasis to the 14v LN. Thus, in the operative field, if the tumor is advanced to more than stage 3 by the UICC classification and the no. 6 LN is metastatic, a 14v LN dissection is necessary. However, the usefulness of a 14v LN dissection should be evaluated prospectively through an analysis of tumor recurrence and long-term survival.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2004.10d
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• pp.151-156
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• 2004

여러 개의 절로 이루어진 긴 문장에서 절 단위를 인식해냄으로써 구문분석의 복잡도를 크게 줄일 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 SVM 모델을 이용하여 한국어 문장에서 절의 경계를 인식하는 방법을 제안하였다. 첫 번째 단계로 중심어가 후행하는 한국어 문장의 특성을 고려하여 절의 끝점을 먼저 찾고, 첫 번째 단계의 결과인 절의 끝점 정보와 절의 끝점 인식을 위한 정보보다 더 전역적인 정보를 이용해 절의 시작점을 인식하는 두 번째 단계로 나누어 진행하였다. 구문구조 부착 말뭉치를 이용하여 학습하고 실험한 결과, F-score 86.87%와 단어 단위의 정확도 96.63%의 성능을 나타내었다.

• Journal of the KSME
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 1982

본 해설에서는 nucleation현상의 한 예로 과포화상태에 있는 증기 (vapor)의 응축과 정(condensation)을 중심으로 설명하고자 한다. 제 2절에서는 nucleation 현상의 예와 그 응용에 대해서 설명하기로 하고 제 3절에서는 열역학적인 면에서 제 4절은 운동론적인 면에서 제 5절은 nucleation theory의 문제점에 관해 고찰해 보려 한다.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.181-187
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• 1987

The objectives of the study were to reduce lodging during the stormy rain period of soybean growing season in Korea, and to find out the most efficient foliar spraying of pp 333 solution in order to increase tolerance to lodging of soybean plants. The concentration of the pp 333 solution were three, five and eight percent and the time of spraying were 35th day after seeding and at flowering time. The most efficient foliar spraying practice was to spray five percent solution of pp 333 on the 35th day after seeding, resulting in reduced stem length damage of soybeans alone with shortened plant height and stabilized yield of soybean grains.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.8C no.4
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• pp.451-458
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• 2001

무단절 통신의 목표는 이동 사용자에게 단절 자유 서비스를 제공하는데 있으며, 이동 서비스의 단절은 활동적 핸드오프에 의해 발생된다. 이동 무선망에서 무단절 서비스에 대한 완전 보장을 요구하지 않으나 매우 빈번한 단절을 허용하지 않는 많은 사용자 응용들이 있다. 이 논문에서는 무단절 서비스에 대한 언어적 보장을 제공하는 퍼지 멀티캐스트 방법을 제안한다. 무단절 서비스에 대한 언어적 보장이 이동 사용자에 의해 명세되면, 제안하는 퍼지 멀티캐스트 방법은 이동 호스트의 이동 방향과 이동 속도를 예측하고, 퍼지 논리에 의해 그 이동 호스트를 위한 체이터 패텟은 모든 이웃 셀이 아닌 일부 이웃 셀에게 전송된다. 시뮬레이션 결과, 우리는 다음 사항들을 알 수 있었다. 첫째, 퍼지 멀티캐스트 방법은 정적 대역폭 사용을 상당히 감소시키고 또한 무단절 서비스에 대한 언어적 보장을 제공한다. 둘째, 무단절 서비스 확률은 이동 사용자의 언어적 QoS와 이동 호스트의 이동 방향에 의해 결정되고, 특히 이동 사용자의 언어적 QoS에 의해 많은 영향을 받는다. 그러므로 퍼지 멀티캐스트는 이동 사용자의 언어적 QoS 명세로 무단절 서비스에 대한 좋은 차등 서비스를 제공한다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.57-79
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• 2015

This study investigates and classifies 61 pieces of hereditary Sasojeol versions in possession of 8 libraries in Korea and 3 libraries in the US and Japan and compares them with one another with the following results. Firstly, as a result of investigation of 61 pieces of Sasojeol, it was found out that the hereditary versions are classified into 5 kinds including Cheongjangkwan Sasojeol, Sashojyeol of Korean version, Hyunto Sasojeol and Sasojeoljijeol. The detailed investigation proves that Sasojeol and Sasojeonjijeol are imparted to the present most often, that Sashojyeol of Korean version is the traslated from printed version of Sasojeol, that Hyunto Sasojeol is the Korean editings of printed version of Sasojeonl, and the Sasojeoljijeol is the ummarized version of Cheongjangkwan Sasojeol. Secondly, the comparison of Cheongjangkwan Sasojeol possessed by major libraries proves that the version in National Library of Korea's and Jangseogak's possession are similar to each other by and large and that the comparison of Sasojeol possessed by each institution proves that the version in Kyonggi University's possession copied the former generally fine. Thirdly, the comparison of Sasojeoljijeol and Cheongjangkwan Sasojeol proves that Sasojeonjijeol is the summarized version of redrafted Cheongjangkwan Sasojeol and traces of 22 sentences being added to.

• TTA Journal
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• s.43
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• pp.75-102
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• 1996

본 고는 지난 제22차 ETSI(European Telecommunication Standards Institute) 기술총회에 제출된 EII(European Information Infrastructure:유럽정보통신기반구조)에 관한 내용을 요약.정리한 것이다. 이번 호에서는 지난 호에서 다룬 Part A(요약부분)과 Part B(주 보고서) 전반부(제2절까지)에 이어 계속해서 Part B(주 보고서)의 제3절부터 제5절까지를 다루기로 한다. 각 절별 내용을 살펴보면, 제3절에서는 정보산업에서의 역할들간의 연계, 제4절에서는 EII의 기능적 요구사항, 제5절에서는 EII 서비스 및 애플리케이션의 상호운용성에 관하여 다루고 있다. (제6절 이후는 다음 호에서 다룸) 끝으로, 본 고를 요약$\cdot$정리함에 있어서 지면상의 제약으로 인하여 부득이 상세한 내용들을 모두 다루지는 못하고 주로 전체 EII의 프레임워크에 관련된 사항과 표준화에 관련된 사항을 중심으로 서술하였음을 양지하기 바란다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.646-656
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• 2004

Background : The aim of this study was to elucidate the mediastinal lymphatic drainage of nonsmall- cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods : We retrospectively analyzed the frequency of enlarged mediastinal lymph node (LN) in 256 NSCLC patients with N2 or N3 diseases on CT scan, especially with respect to the location of primary tumor. Results : In 57 patients with right upper lobe (RUL) tumors, right lower paratracheal LN (89.5%) was the most commonly enlarged, followed by subcarinal LN (54.4%). In 61 patients with left upper lobe (LUL) tumors, left lower paratracheal (70.5%) and subaortic LNs (52.5%) were commonly enlarged. Subcarinal LN enlargement without ipsilateral superior mediastinal LN enlargement was rarely found in both upper lobe tumors; RUL 8.8%, LUL 6.6%. In patients with right or left lower lobe (RLL or LLL) tumors, the most commonly enlarged LN was subcarinal; 88.2%, 65.7%, respectively. In RLL tumors with both subcarinal and superior mediastinal LN enlargements, the frequency of ipsilateral superior mediastinal LN involvement was similar to that of bilateral superior mediastinal involvement. In LLL tumors with both subcarinal and superior mediastinal LN enlargements, bilateral superior mediastinal involvement was more frequent than ipsilateral superior mediastinal involvement. Conclusion : The results of this study suggest that both upper lobe tumors are mainly drained directly to ipsilateral superior mediastinal LNs, and that both lower lobe lesions are drained to superior mediastinal LN via subcarinal LNs.

• 발명특허
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• v.5 no.5 s.51
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• pp.18-21
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• 1980

히포크라테스(Hippokrates)이전의 그리스의학은 결코 의학이라고 부를수 없는 것이었다. B.C 11세기에 아스쿨레피오스(Asklepios)의 절이라고 불리는 $\lceil$병을 치료하는 절$\rfloor$이 있었다. 병자와 불구자들은 이 절에 와서 돼지와 양을 바치고 빌었다. 병은 신들이 인간을 달갑지 않게 여긴 결과 생긴 것이므로 건강을 회복하려면 물건을 바치고 정성을 들여야 한다고 믿었던 것이다. 그들은 절에 묵으면서 꿈을 꾸었고 중들은 해몽을 해서 병이 낫도록 도왔다. 때로는 약을 주기도 했다. 이 절의 중들은 강력한 의사승려의 조합을 이루었다.