• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.295-301
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• 2017

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT/A) is a neurotoxin that selectively attacks the peripheral cholinergic nerve endings. It is produced by Gram -positive, endospore-forming strict anaerobic bacteria, Clostridium botulinum. Since BoNT/A could be a biothreat agent, as well as a contaminator of food and water supplies, the development of sensitive assays for toxin detection and potent antitoxin for the treatment of intoxication is necessary. In this study, for the purpose of producing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that are capable of neutralizing Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A), scFv (single-chain variable domain fragment) libraries from the rabbit antisera against BoNT/A was fused to a human IgG. The resulting recombinant scFvIgG antibody protein was expressed in stable cell lines and was purified using a protein A affinity chromatography. The efficacy of scFvIgG mAb was confirmed by ELISA and was evaluated for the neutralization of BoNT/A in vivo. Such an in vivo toxin neutralization assay was performed using mice. Although scFvIgG antibody proteins (10 ug) failed to fully protect the mice challenged with BoNT/A (100,000 $LD_{50}$), it significantly prolonged the survival time. These results suggest that scFvIgG mAb may be capable of neutralizing BoNT/A single-chain variable domain fragment.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.323-329
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• 2012

Sesame oil has superior oxidation stability and unique roasting flavor. Accordingly, this has been used for edible oil as well as a seasoning material for a long time in Korea. But sesame oil is a simple pressed oil, unrefined. During manufacturing process of roasting-expression, benzo(a)pyrene[B(a)P] formed as a strong carcinogenic substance causes a social problem. Detection of B(a)P in sesame oil was due to residual content in raw-sesame seeds and formation in roasting-expressing process. Especially, maximal forming process was roasting. Accordingly, in this study applied the traditional roasting method by roaster and microwaving method as a new type. Best roasting time by microwaving was for 5~10 min, B(a)P content in sesame oil was 0.53~0.79 ${\mu}g/kg$. These B(a)P contents showed 1/2 level than direct roasting method by roaster. As a result, B(a)P contents in sesame oil appeared the difference of more than 2 times according to roasting condition of sesame seed. For minimizing of B(a)P content in sesame oil is demanded roasting of sesame by microwaving than direct roasting by roaster.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.231-239
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate adsorption characteristics of MTBE and Cd depending upon types of clay minerals md their physicochemical properties. The adsorption characteristics were examined by batch adsorption test on various experimental parameters such as adsorption time, ratio of solution to soil, concentration of contaminants, content of organic matter, pH, and zeta potential. The adsorption efficiency of MTBE or Cd for three types of clays decreased in response to the increase of the ratio of solution to soil whereas their adsorbed amounts increased. MTBE was greatly adsorbed in the decreasing order of vermiculite, bentonite, and CTAB-bentonite while Cd was adsorbed in the decreasing order of bentonite, vermiculite, and CTA-bentonite. An equilibrium isotherm for MTBE was well fitted to Freundlich plotting whereas that for Cd was closely corresponded to Langmuir isotherm. The adsorbed amount of MTBE on bentonite and vermiculite showed the maximum at 1% and 5% of humic acid, thereafter diminished while the adsorbed amount of MTBE on CTAB-bentonite increased in proportion to humic acid. Conversely, the adsorbed amount of Cd on the addition of humic acid continued to increase regardless of types of adsorbents. For all types of adsorbents, adsorbed quantity and adsorption efficiency of Cd have been coincidently increased at pH 8 and they were further enhanced at pH 10 showing 90% adsorption efficiency. Upon pH rose, the zeta potential on each adsorbent began to decrease, while increasing Cd concentration led to decline of zeta potential, which in turn ascribed to lowering dispersion stability that could consequently enhance adsorption capability.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.207-212
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• 2016

The box-counting(BC) method is one of the most commonly used methods for fractal dimension calculation of binary images in the fields of Engineering, Science, Medical Science, Geology, etc due to its simplicity and reliability. It deals with only square images with each size equal to the power of 2 to prevent it from discarding unused pixels for images of arbitrary size. In this paper, we presents a more efficient BC method based on the original one, which is applicable to images of arbitrary size. The proposed approach allows the number of the counting boxes to be real to improve the estimation accuracy. The mean absolute error performance is computed on two deterministic fractal images whose theoretical dimensions are well known to compare with those of the existing BC method and triangular BC method. The experimental results show that the proposed method can outperform the two methods and assess the complexity of coastline images of Korea and Chodo island taken from the Google map.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.69-75
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate effect of $CaCO_3$ treatment on cultivation of oyster mushroom for suppression of green mold disease and for promotion of mycelial growth to stabilize mushroom production in field and laboratory experiment. Treatment of $CaCO_3$ in PDA media promoted mycelial growth of mushroom and suppressed that of green mold. Addition of $CaCO_3$ in rice straw substrate increased mushroom mycelial growth compared with control. In that case, growth of green mold increased up to treated 0.6% $CaCO_3$ but decreased in treatment beyond 0.8% $CaCO_3$. There were some differences on effect of $CaCO_3$ treatment according to green mold species. Trichoderma longibrachiatum was effected but T. virens was not effected by treated $CaCO_3$. Differences among mushroom strains by treated $CaCO_3$ were not shown. It is confirmed that treatment of $CaCO_3$ can promote mushroom mycelial growth but it's not clear in the field. In the result of field test, treatment of $CaCO_3$ in rice straw substrates tended to increase yield and decrease incidence of disease compared with non-treatment. These results suggest that $CaCO_3$ treatment on cultivation of oyster mushroom can be applied to take preventive steps against of green mold disease.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.39-58
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• 2014

Korea and China have maintained sea routes between two nations through the shipping conference which was established in May 1993. Due to this effort, the market of Korea-China car ferry on Yellow sea makes growth year by year. The car ferry business has shown fierce competition because it has huge impacts on regional and national level economy. In this respect, the aim of this research is to analyze the structural analysis for ports of Korea-China car ferry using Shift Effect(SE) method. As a results, passengers and cargo volumes of Incheon port continuously transfer to Pyeontaek and Gunsan port. Moreover, absolute growth rate of Incheon port do not reach the potential growth rate. The competitiveness power of Incheon port has lower position compared to Pyeontaek and Gunsan port. The cargo volumes of ports located on western coast of Korea have increased recently, however, passengers and cargo volumes of Incheon port have shown lower increasing rate compared to average of Korean western coast ports. For Incheon port, high value added cargoes which give large profit on port side, have to be attracted. Moreover, Incheon port has to become a specialized port.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.389-410
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• 2007

For moderately jointed to massive rock masses, the failure and deformation behaviors around an excavated opening are absolutely influenced by the initial rock stress and strength of in-situ rock mass. The localized and progressive brittle failure around an opening does not mean whole collapse of an excavated opening. But, for many cases, it may induce temporary stopping of excavation works and reexamination of the current supporting system, which can result in delay of the entire construction works and additional construction cost. In this paper, the characteristics of the brittle failure around an opening with stress level and tunnel shape was studied by the biaxial compressive test using scaled specimen and by the numerical simulation with $PFC^{2D}$. The biaxial test results were well coincided with the stress induced failure patterns around the excavated openings observed and monitored in the in-situ condition. For the circular part of the opening wall, the stress induced cracks initially occurred at the wall surface in the direction of the minimum principal stress and contributed to the localized notch shaped failure region having a certain range of angle. But for the corner and straight part of the opening wall, the cracks initiated at sharp corners were connected and coalesced each other and with existing micro cracks. Further they resulted in a big notch shaped failure region connecting two sharp corners.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.302-308
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• 2005

This study was performed to examine the absolute skin temperature and temperature difference $({\Delta}T)$ between the left and the right, the upper and the lower parts on the back of dog and to investigate the clinical usefulness of infrared thermography as diagnostic or prognostic aid on experimental spinal cord compression by using Digital Infrared Imaging System. In normal dogs, symmetrical and contouring patterns were observed in thermogram. The skin temperature difference was not significant between the left and the right, the upper and the lower parts on the back. In spinal cord compressed dog, there was symmetrical temperature reduction pattern around lesion. Patterns of ${\Delta}T$ between thoracic and lumbar portions were remarkable and showed the tendency to return to normal after 4 weeks of operation. It is considered that infrared thermography is a useful diagnostic and prognostic aid for spinal cord injury in dogs.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.29-44
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to theoretically examine the current status of TV home shopping business entities' expansion of business structure, and then look into TV home shopping business entities' preparation for the future business in their mature period. For this, the investigator examined literature home and abroad and then empirically carried out an experimental sale of household goods by selecting a model TV home shopping business entity. In order to understand current business structure of TV home shopping and increase sales, the investigator has changed price and then induced sales, focusing on the price of household goods. Study findings are as follows: As for the influence of TV home shopping household goods' price upon its sales, because TV home shopping business entities set in advance an efficiency unit-price per broadcast hour and carry out a sales strategy of reaching out the efficiency, they try to keep their sales with discounted price in the real sales setting of TV home shopping. But it is not an exclusive practice. General promotion became a common practice. The price of goods is the same with its life. Continuous discount events lower the reliability of goods and its supplier must bear the result. Overall sales after experiment increases by 13% and the sales efficiency also increases by 9%. Sales amount increases by 9% and a stable sales which is above average is achieved. The number of sales goods keeps 100%.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.61-73
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• 2017

The Fukushima Nuclear Disaster in 2011 and California Power Failure in 2001 are examples of the importance of the power plant safety management that caused huge national loss with a power-related mass casualty incident. In a situation where humans cannot live without electricity, efforts to strengthen the systematic firefighting safety management in power plants that produce electricity with large amounts of hazardous materials as fuel, such as nuclear energy, coal and gas, are essential to protect life and prevent property loss and stable economic growth from fire explosion accident or radiation leak due to the negligence of safety management and natural disasters such as earthquakes, which has recently become an issue. This study examined the operating situation of firefighting safety management in power plants with firefighting officials employed by five power generation companies including Korea Southern Power Co., Ltd. and Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co. Ltd., which are in charge of the domestic power supply. As a result, for the systematic firefighting safety management of power plants, improvement plans were drawn, including the development of an effective business manual and a comprehensive management system, the substantiality of firefighting safety education, and the strengthening of seismic designs to prepare for earthquakes.