• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.486-498
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to identify transition conditions, health behavior and indicators of healthy transitions among middle-aged women based on Schumacher & Meleis(1994) transition model for developing intervention program for their health promotion. A convenience sample of 221 women aged 40-60 was obtained in Jung-Gu, Seoul and they were asked to complete the questionnaires, which consisted of modified health-promoting lifestyle profile(HPLP), knowledge of menopause, physical well-being, emotional well-being, modified women's role integration protocol (WRIP), Beck's Depression Inventory(BDI), and indicators of healthy transition with subcategories such as subjective well-being, role mastery and well-being of interrelationship. The results were as follows: 1. Women had a mean age of 47.53 years. More than half(53.39%) of the women had jobs and 88.69 % had their spouses, Of 221 women, 51.13 % were premenopausal, 19.91% were perimenopausal, and 28.96% were postmenopausal. 2. Women scored lower on health responsibility and exercise than on self actualization, nutrition and interpersonal support among subcategories of health behavior measured the modified HPLP. Only 11.98% of respondents had breast-self examination and 42.66% had pap smear for screening cancer. 3. In transition conditions, women had poor knowledge about menopause and median level of physical well-being, emotional well-being and stress. 15.45% of the women had clinical depression. 4. As for the outcome index of the transition model, the mean of indicators of healthy transition was 3.69(possible range 1-5). 5. The levels of education and economic and the menstrual status were significantly related to physical well-being, depression and stress in the categories of transition conditions. The total score of health behavior correlated negatively with depression. The total score of indicators of healthy transition correlated with physical well-being, emotional well-being, stress, and depression in the categories of transition conditions. In conclusion, these findings suggested a profile of fragile middle-aged women and contributed to developing the community-based intervention program for health promotion.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.564-572
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• 2016

This study investigated the factors affecting the safety care activities of 227 nurses in 7 small and medium-sized hospitals in G-city. Data were collected from May 16th to 23rd, 2016, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, the t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression with SPSS 18. The levels of patient safety attitudes, safety control and safety care activities were 4.11, 3.74 and 4.33 out of 5, respectively. In the analysis of the patient safety attitudes, there were significant differences in education level and job satisfaction. In the analysis of safety control, there were significant differences in age, education level, working experience, position, experience of safety education, experience of safety accidents, and job satisfaction. In the analysis of the safety care activities, significant differences were found in the education level, work department, experience of safety education, and job satisfaction. The patient safety attitudes, safety control, and safety care activities were positively correlated (with each other). The major factor affecting the safety care activities was the patient safety attitude, followed by safety control and experience of safety education. These findings emphasize the need for nurses to change their perception of patient safety attitudes and safety control, in order to reinforce their safety care activities. They also suggest that various safety nursing cases and systematic support should be provided for continuous patient safety education.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.66-72
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was done to evaluate the effects of distraction using balloon art on pain experienced by preschool children when undergoing an intravenous injection. Methods: Participants were 40 hospitalized preschool children. Children in the experimental group (20) were distracted by balloon art while undergoing an intravenous injection. Children in the control group (20) received regular care. Pain experienced by the children was measured using self-report, observation tools, heart rate and oxygen saturation. The data were analyzed using the SAS program. Results: Compared with the control group, children in the experimental group showed significant difference in pain as shown by pulse rate. However, children in the experimental group did not show a decrease in pain in the self-report or behavior observation when compared with children in the control group. Conclusion: Distraction using balloon art can be used to reduce pain for preschool children when undergoing an intravenous injection. Further nursing interventions need to be developed and provided to preschool children when undergoing painful procedures.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2014

Purpose: Needlestick injuries (NSI) is the most frequent occupational hazard for healthcare personnel (HCP), and immediate report and adequate post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is essential in preventing occupational transmission of blood-borne pathogens. Methods: From June 2010 to October 2010, 544 NSI were reported through websites from 21 general hospitals in Korea. Among those, 499 cases of NSI were analyzed to identify the rate of follow-up treatment completion and for seroconversion. Results: 88.2% of the cases were completed with follow-up treatment, 8.8% of the NSI were not completed with follow-up treatment, and 5 cases were unavailable to trace. 4.2% cases of NSI required a hepatitis B vaccination concurrent with hepatitis B immunoglobulin. 41.1% of the cases and 31.1% of the cases needed to be tested for anti HCV and anti HIV, respectively. Prophylaxis medication for HIV was prescribed in 3 cases, and all cases completed required 1 month of medication. There was 1 case (0.2%) of seroconversion to HCV. Conclusion: The PEP completion rate was not satisfactory, and the importance of completion of PEP treatment should be emphasized through education and counseling. Also, a careful risk assessment is needed for HCP who are exposed to HCV or HIV.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.168-175
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify whether individualized distraction intervention using a smart phone affected pre-op anxiety of children. Methods: This was a nonequivalent control group pre-post test quasi-experimental design. The participants were 30 children in the experimental group and 30 in the control group. In experimental group, a smart phone individualized distraction intervention was given to children from the reception area to the operation room. Results: For heart rate, there were no statistically significant differences between the experimental group and control group. In the behavioral anxiety response, there were statistically significant differences between the experimental group and control group (t=-3.11, p=.003). Conclusion: The finding suggest that, for pre-op children, the individualized distraction intervention using a smart phone had some significance as a nursing intervention having a positive impact. Such interventions can help pediatric nurses to relieve pre-op anxiety and improve health of children in their care.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.490-497
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect on pain of distraction with an operating doll in preschool children(3-6 years old) during an IV catheter insertion. Method: The research design was a nonequivalent control group posttest design, and the participants were 22 children in the experimental group, and 23 children in the control group. The children were hospitalized for enteritis and pharyngitis in a university hospital. The subjective pain was measured using FACES Pain Rating Scale by self report, and the pain behavior responses were scored using Procedure Behavior Check List by observing a film of the entire procedure, and changes in pulse and oxygen saturation as the physiological pain responses were measured by pulse oximeter. Data were analyzed with the SPSS Win 10.0 program. Result: The degree of subjective pain, pain behavior responses, and changes in pulse during IV catheter insertion were significantly lower in the experimental group. But there was no significant difference in $O_2$ saturation between the two groups. Conclusion: Distraction using an operating doll was effective in decreasing pain during inserting the IV catheter in preschool children.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.331-338
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was done to identify differences in the life transition process of parents caring for children with autism according to parents' socio-demographic characteristics. Methods: Participants were 194 parents caring for children with autism. Data were collected from December 2013 to February 2014 through self-report questionnaires, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA with SPSS/WIN 20.0. Results: Mean scores for despairing or accepting phases were higher than those for denying or wandering phases in the life transition process. According to parents' gender, educational level, and job, there were some significant differences in the denying and wandering phases. Differences in denying phase by education (p=.033), job (p=.004) were significant. Respondents with higher educational level, and having a job showed a lower level of denying than other respondents. Wandering phase differed significantly by gender (p=.009) and job (p=.001). Mothers and those who did not have a job showed a higher level of wandering than fathers and those who had a job. However, there was no difference in the despairing or accepting phases. Conclusion: The life transition phase of parents with autistic children needs to be assessed to provide differentiated and intensive support program and help them move to the accepting phase.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.506-511
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of distraction by use of a cellular phone on pain and fear during venipuncture procedure for hospitalized preschool children. Method: Fifty four preschool children aged 3-6 were recruited from one university affiliated hospital in Daegu. Participants were assigned to the control(n=27) to receive usual care or intervention group(n=27) to receive distraction plus usual care. For the assessment of children's pain, FACE scale and mothers' perceptions of their own children's pain, visual analogue scale(VAS) were used. For the assessment of fear, Procedure Behavioral checklist developed by Lebaron and Zeltzer was used. Results: Results showed that intervention group demonstrated significantly less pain scores on FACE(t=2.19, p<.03) as rated by children and on VAS(t=2.78, p<.01) as rated by their mothers. Intervention group showed also significantly less fear scores(t=2.30, p<.02) as rated by the researcher. Conclusion: Distraction with cell phone for relieving pain and fear during venipuncture procedure was effective for the hospitalized preschool children.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.684-692
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• 2013

Purpose: This study attempted to discover the effects of distraction on the hospitalized children's fear of the hospital and needle-related pain. Methods: The experimental group was given visual stimulation using a character from the injection room entrance. In addition, the video recording of 'bambarabam' was provided for visual and auditory stimulation to distract the children. The research tools included the hospital-related fear scale, Faces Pain Rating Scale (Wong & Baker, 1988) and Procedure Behaviour Check List (Lebaron&Zeltzer, 1984). For statistical analysis, the SPSS 19.0 program was used on the collected data for $X^2$-test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The experimental group showed significantly less fear ofthe hospital compared to the control group (U=151.50, p=.024). The experimental group showed significantly lower pain on both Faces Pain Rating Scale (U=167.50, p=.043) and the Procedure Behaviour Check List (U=106.00, p=.001) compared to the control group. Conclusion: These results suggest that distraction was effective in reducing the child's fear of the hospital and injection pain.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.516-523
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the causal relationships of perceived risk, satisfaction, switching cost and loyalty in outpatient health services. Method: A survey using a structured questionnaire was conducted with 393 hospital outpatients. The analysis of data was done with both SPSS Win 17.0 for descriptive statistics and AMOS 18.0 for structural equation model. Results: The causal model yielded Chi-square=31.44 (p=<.001), df=4, GFI=.98, AGFI=.87, CFI=.97, RMSR=.04, NFI=.96, IFI=.97 and showed relatively good fit indices. Perceived risk had a significant direct effect on customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction, financial switching cost and relational switching cost had significant direct effects on customer loyalty. Perceived risk and customer satisfaction had significant indirect effects on customer loyalty. Conclusion: These results suggest that we should decrease the perceived risk and improve the customer satisfaction and switching cost to retain loyal customers. Further study with both a larger sample from various hospitals and a longitudinal design is necessary.