• 한국노년학
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.851-865
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to explore Women University students' supporting awareness, knowledge and attitude toward the elderly. After obtaining the participants' consent form, survey was performed with structured questionnaire about characteristics, supporting awareness, knowledge and attitude toward the elderly. Collected data were analyzed with SPSS 13.0 program, which was used for frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficients. The result of this study were as follows. 1) Supporting awareness of participants was 115.50±13.19. Participants' knowledge was 10.21±2.90 and attitude was 84.19±12.19. 2) More knowledge and more positive attitude toward elderly were significant related to higher supporting awareness. 3) Supporting awareness of participants was significantly different by religion, monthly pocket money, religious service, supporting parents in the future, living with parents-in-law, though of ideal support system, father-grandmother(paternal) relationship, mother-grandfather(paternal) relationship, mother-grandmother(paternal) relationship and mother-grandfather(maternal). The finding of this study gives useful information for developing an educational management program for women.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.240-251
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• 2002

This study is to describe practices of and attitude toward traditional wedding food and the attitude of housewives toward the traditional wedding food in Busan metropolitan and Kyungnam province area. Data were analyzed from the convenient sample of 525 housewives collected from September 20 to September 28, 2001. As for the necessity of traditional wedding food, the most popular food was ebagee food, pebaek food, yedan food in order. Of the various kinds of traditional wedding food, table setting for parent-in-law was chosen as the most popular one. Sociodemographic characteristics such as education level and age were statistically associated with perception of traditional wedding food being necessary as a ritual thing. The respondents preferred rice cakes as wedding food to fishes, fruits, traditional sweets and skewered slices of seasoned meats. More than half of the respondents think current practices of wedding food is prodigal and has to be done in thrifty manner. As a ritual practices of wedding food were to be readjusted to the change of social custom depending on the degree of modernization. More than half (52.1%) of the housewives expected traditional wedding food should fade away. A conclusion was that it is necessary to develop modernized wedding food reflecting traditional wedding customs with economic costs.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.343-352
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the actual state of use and necessity of Korean traditional Pyebaeck foods using questionnaire. The subjects of this study consisted of 621 housewives in Daegu area. The results were summarized as follows: The most often used foods of Pyebaeck refreshments included alcoholic drinks(80.0%), Bamgoim(73.8%), Daechugoim(73.4%). The refreshments were most often purchased from caterers(39.6%), and mainly used for marriages of their brothers and sisters(33.3%). The standard number of foods prepared was 7 to 10(42.2%). The most used container for Pyebaeck refreshments is bamboo basket(30.6%). 62.0% of the respondents needed Pyebaeck refreshments and the reason for refreshment preparation was mainly “because it is a Korean tradition”(82.3%) and the reason why most respondents do not think the Pyebaeck refreshments are necessary was “it's troublesome and complicated”(41.1%). The refreshments most frequently included were alcoholic drinks(63.7%) and Daechugoim(47.0%). Most of the respondents(84.9%) said that the Pyebaeck refreshments should be improved and 48.0% said the improvement method should consider the traditional tastes, flavors and arrangements fit to modem sense. Although following the traditions of Pyebaeck refreshments itself is difficult, the concept of Pyebaeck refreshments can develop into a modern concept with new meaning if we improve and adjust it in a way fit to modem lifestyles.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.154-170
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• 2015

In this study, the real state of local foods was examined targeting Gyeongju citizens to help in developing distinguishing foods and to promote cultural to excellence of local foods widely. Ultimately, this study aims to promote cultural excellence of Gyeongju's local foods widely by examining the kinds of local foods in Gyeonggju area. In addition, current study was conducted to provide basic data of local foods which inherit and develop our precious assets, in order to keep up with the Korean Wave as well as globalization. For this study, a survey was performed with the 274 sample of local food consumers, and analyzed the data using descriptive, cross tabulation analysis, and t-test. Results shown that Janchi guksu(banquet noodles) and Jeonbok juk(abalone rice porridge) obtained the highest awareness and preference when awareness and preference of Gyeongju local foods were analyzed depending on the marital status. Significant implication in the study is that there is a need to develop and promote local foods and open local food restaurants for local residents. More discussion and limitations are suggested.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.87-114
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• 1994

1950년대부터 많은 개발도상국가들은 가족계획을 위주로 하는 인구제어정책을 추진하여 왔다. 특히 가부장제도를 중심으로하는 동아시아 국가들에 있어서는 남아선호관이 출산력 저하나 피임 실천율이 증대에 지대한 유해요인으로 일관해 왔다. Sheps(1963)는 실증적으로 2명의 아들을 갖기 위해서는 약 3.9명 정도의 자녀를 두어야 한다는 연구결과를 제시한바 있다. 이와 같은 남아선호관의 여파에도 불구하고 한국과 홍콩은 1980년대 증반에 이미 1.6명 수준의 저출산율을 이룩하였으며, 1970년대에 인구억제 정책을 시작한 중국도 2명 수준으로 저하되어 가족계획사업의 성공사례로 평가되어 왔다. 그러나 이들 국가들의 출산율은 지난 20-30년이라는 짧은 기간에 너무나 급진적으로 감소된 반면에 남아선호관의 상존으로 인한 성비(여자 100명당 남자수)의 불균형을 초래하게 되였다. 한 예로 한국의 경우 1960년도만 해도 6명 이상의 자녀를 출산하는 과정에서 1-2명의 아들을 둘 수 있는 확률은 매우 높았으나, 최근에는 출산율이 2명 이하로 저하되어 아들을 둘 수 있는 확률은 과거보다 3-4배 어려워졌기 때문에 인위적인 방법으로 아들을 두는 부모의 수가 증가하고 있다. 중국은 1970년대 중반기부터 강력히 추진되어온 소위 "한자녀 갖기 운동"으로 인하여 여아출산인 경우 영아살해 또는 출생의 미신고등 많은 사회적 물의를 야기하였고, 최근에는 초음파검사를통한 선택적 인공임신중절(태아가 여아인 경우)으 경우가 급격히 증가하고 있다. 우리 나라의 성비는 출산율이 급격히 감소된 1980년대 증반기부터 급격히 증가되었다. 즉 인구전체에 대한 성비는 1980년의 103.9명에서 1985년에 110명으로 증가하였고ㅡ 1990년 116.9명으로 증가되었다. 성비는 자녀의 수가 적을수록 높아지는 추세이다. 1991년 조사에서 출산을 종료한 부인의 경우 1자녀의 성비는 무려 206명이나 되고 있다. 이와 같은 결과는 한자녀를 원하는 부인이 아들을 둔 경우 1자녀에서 조산을 결심하기 때문인 것이다. 통계청 자료에 의하면 성비는 무엇보다도 자녀의 출산순위와 밀접하다. 1991년 출생신고자료의 경우 첫아이의 출생시 성비는 106.1명이고, 둘째아이가 112.8명이나, 셋째아이는 184.7명으로 크게 증가하고 넷째 이상의 경우는 212.3명이나 된다. 동일한 출산순위라도 이미 두고 있는 자녀의 성에 따라서 많은 차이를 보인다. 1991년도 3번째 출산의 경우 딸만 2명을 두고 있는 자녀의 성에 아들만 2명 또는 아들과 딸을 각각 1명씩 두고 있는 경우에 비해 높은 성비를 보이고 있다. 자녀를 출산하는데 있어서 처음에는 아들ㅇ르 기다리지만 딸의 수가 증가함에 따라 적극적으로 아들을 낳고자 하는 노력을 지속하게 됨을 알 수 있다. 이는 즉 임신한 자녀의 성이 딸로 판명되면 인공임신중절을 통해 임신을 종결시키고 있음을 의미한다. 최근 한국보건사회연구원에서 수행한 연구결과에 의하면 이미 출생한 자녀의 성구성은 임신결과를 결정하는 가장 중요한 변수로 부각되고 있다. 즉 임신이 인공임신중절로 귀착되는 확률은 부모가 이미 아들을 두고 있는 경우에 일관성 있게 증가되고 있음을 보이고 있다. 따라서 남아선호관은 임신결과를 결정할뿐 아니라 선택절 인공임신중절에 의한 성비의 불균형을 초래하는 주요 변수로써 할거되었다. 특히 피임실천이 보편화되고 선택적 인공임신중절의 이용이 손쉬운 현대사회에 있어서는 남아선호관이 출산력 저하에 저해요인으로서가 아니라, 인위적이던 자연적이던 간에 아들만 두면 단산하는 현행의 출산풍토하에서는 남아선호관이 오히려 출산력저하에 결정적으로 작용하고 있다고 하겠다. 태아의 성 판별을 통한 선택적 인공임신중절의 건수는 1990년 한해에 약 20,000건 정도가 되고, 1986-1990년 사이에 총 80,000건으로 추정된다. 이 수치는 출생한 여아수의 5%에 해당한다. 현재 출생시 성비의 불균형은 연간 총출생수의 10% 미만에 불과한 3번째 이상의 출산에서 발생되고 있기 때문에 인구학적인 측면에서는 큰 문제가 아니다. 그러나 앞으로 출산율의 감소와 더불어 선택적 인공임신중절이 년간 출생수의 90% 이상을 차지하고 있는 둘째, 첫째출산순위로 확산된다면 성비의 불균형은 급진적으로 가속화되어 전통적 결혼관습의 재연등 인간의 생태계를 파괴하는 새로운 차원에서의 사회인구학적인 문제가 야기될 것이다. 결론적으로 성비의 불균형을 초래하는 근본적인 원인은 우리 나라으 전통적인 의식구조인 남아선호관의 상종과 최신의 의료기술에 의한 선택적 인공임신중절에 기인된 것이기 때문에 이를 시정하기 위한 제반 사회제도적 극복정책은 지속적으로 강화되어야 할 것이다.되어야 할 것이다.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.38
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• pp.1-28
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• 2015

The work appeared a featured female character in the Disney animation film begins with 'Snow White' released in 1937. After then, the 11 female characters appeared included 'Tangled' in 2010. Female characters reveal their identity due to obedient, family-oriented and marriage with prince and then gradually develop to heroine who leads to man, and is independent, pioneering, and sometimes saves the nation. Nevertheless, the ending of the Disney animation was still not escape the institutional, traditional discourse. Female characters are followed to meet the featured actor kissing and marriage, or was to show the virtues of sacrifice for the actor. However, Elsa in 'Frozen' is the character with an independent identity compared with the patriarchy, male chauvinism and heterosexual dichotomous discourse given so far in Disney. In this study, it is to explain the change of gender identity in the character of Elsa through Queer theory that deconstructs the distinction between sex and gender, and is constituted by the actions typed and performed the gender concept, and is dismantling the dichotomy itself such as male/female, heterosexual/homosexual. The performative of Queer make the boundaries between lesbian-gay, sexuality and heterosexual ambiguous. It can be said that the performative has political nature resisted to the dominant discourse through these parodiable strategy. The performative showed of Elsa is in the boundaries between the sisterhood and the heterosexual. When analyzed in a heterosexual perspective Elsa's identity is to be understood as simply just love the intimacy of a sister and a sister. On the other hand, if you focused on the relationship between women and the relationship between Elsa and Anna is recognized as the point of view of homosexuality. Because if you look at the concept of lesbian continuum, the homosexual love in the female characters of Disney seems like a bond between women, easier than heterosexual love can be hidden sexual desires. Elsa has developed into a performative identity through the expression of performative and the inhibitory of queer identity. And then the her sorcery that was initially contraindicated and the presence of a fear became to the 'lesbian phallus'. The sorcery that can be seen the signifying phallus against to the privileges of heterosexual patriarchy is recognized in the world of Arendal. Elsa is a new women featuring Disney characters. as this character is analysised by Queer theory, this study seeks to expand the area of the various character analysis methods.

• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Health Promotion Conference
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• 1999.07a
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• pp.149-163
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• 1999

Department of Health Services, under the Ministry of Health, Nepal has adopted the five year plan and Primary Health Care service as the main strategy to provide basic health service at the rural areas. However, development of the Specialized Services in the Urban areas, Human Resource Development, Management Strengthening and Investment of Private and External Sector are also highly entertained through its Liberalization Policy. But due to, Early Marriage, Superstitious Traditional Beliefs ＆ behavior, Poor Sanitation of living, Poverty, Illiteracy, Lack of Supervision and Monitoring, High Density population in relation to arable land and Lack of Private and External Sector Investment, the Country is still suffering from high Fertility, Malnutrition, Infectious diseases and so high Death Rates. So Primary Health Care Services should be more emphasized than before; Community Financing, Private and External Sector should be highly involved; Manpower Development and Specialized Services should be most taken care; Management Skills be more strengthened and Evaluating the previous work and avoiding the mistake for the future program implementation should be well done. If these are improved, then the health will be definitely promoted to meet the Health Target of Nepal.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.95-112
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to carry out the exploratory study on the preference and purchase intention of fusion bibimbap as opposed to tradition-bibimbap. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, the survey was conducted to the consumer who use the subway in Seoul from Apr. 3. ~ Apr. 10. 2012, and total 288 valid copies of questionnaire were used for final analysis. The result showed that 190 persons were positive in preference for bibimbap, and the reasons were 'easy to eat' and 'a taste'. Consumer put 'spicy seafood bibimbap', 'pork cutlet bibimbap', 'sashimi bibimbap', 'chicken teriyaki bibimbap', 'bibimbap spinach lasagna' at question about preference of fusion bibimbap. Consumer put 'spicy seafood bibimbap', 'pork cutlet bibimbap', 'sashimi bibimbap', 'crab bibimbap', 'chicken bibimbap' at question purchase intention of fusion bibimbap. In addition, There was significant difference in the preference and the purchase intention of fusion bibimbap according to gender, marital status, age, and education.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.100-112
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• 2012

Governments and related agencies have made efforts to introduce tree burials (TB) as an alternative to solve the problems involved in the traditional funeral manners. Citizens' TB selection rates are, however, still very low. It is important to understand citizens' perceptions and attitudes towards TB to make people more actively participate in TB. This study examined citizens' knowledge, behavioral belief, attitudes towards selecting TB, intentions to select TB, and their relationship with citizens' socio-demographic characteristics. A total of 320 citizens in Gwang-ju, Korea, completed the survey during May, 2011. Results showed that 65.3% of respondents were aware of TB, and many of them (47.6%) obtained information from TV/Radio. Age, education level, marital status and birth order were related with knowledge about TB. Respondents with higher age or higher education level tended to have higher knowledge rates. The married or the non-eldest sons also had higher knowledge rates. Respondents with higher age or higher education level, and the married tended to have more positive attitudes towards selecting TB and to rate 'unconventional funeral customs' high. Respondents with higher age, education level or married respondents tended to have higher intention to select TB. The knowledge level about TB was positively related with attitudes about TB selection and intention to select TB. The results were discussed and some ways to promote TB were suggested.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.111-125
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• 2012

The total fertility rate of our nation has been in the world's lowest level with constant falling since it reached an all-time low in 1983. The increase in economic participation of women, difficulties to balance work and family life, and traditional gender role and family norms in our society have been blamed for causing low birth rates. In addition, the current economic recession and increased polarization of wealth make it more difficult for working families to balance work and family life, resulting in lowering fertility rates. The Korean government has recently prepared the second five-year basic plan(2011-2015) to deal with low fertility and population ageing. The basic plan aims at providing support for working families in balancing work and family life and helping people ease the burden of marriage, childbirth, and raising their children. The work-family balance policies based on gender equality will do much to increase fertility rates in the future. In this context, this study examined current status and problems of balancing work and family life in our society, the Korean government and corporate policies for work-family balance, and the effects of policies on childbirth. Suggestions for future directions are presented.