• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.77-88
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• 1994

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of sewage sludge compost amended soils on the growth and accumulation patterns of heavy metals in plant parts of Orchardgrass seedlings, changes in physical properties and chemical composition, and heavy metal residue in soils. Mixture ratios of sewage sludge compost and soil(loam) were 100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, 20:80 and 0:100(control), respectively. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The physical properties and chemical compostion of soils were improved by increase in mixture ratios of sewage sludge compost. 2. The biological yield of Orchardgrass seedlings was increased with mixture ratios of sewage sludge compost. 3. The dry weight of shoot(SH) was increased with both of yield components(NT and WT) and biological yield of Orchardgrass seedlings. 4. The total nitrogen concentrations(TN) of plants was increased with quadratically up to the biological yield of 100% mixture ratio of sewage sludge compost. 5. Lead(Pb) concentration of soil in over the 60% mixture ratios of sewage sludge compost were in excess of limiting level(50ppm) of organic fertilizers.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.210-220
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to propose the raw data of conservation and restoration by analyzing the environmental and growth characteristics in Abeliophyllum distichum habitats. The types of soil were sandy loam, loam and silty clay loam and the correlation on chemical characteristics of soil appeared that T-N and C.E.C were highly correlative. In case of growth characteristics, height and diameter in 1st site, crown in 2nd site, number of leaves in 5th site and number of seeds in 4th site were better than other sites. In the results of correlation on growth characteristics, height and diameter were highly correlative. In case of growth and chemical characteristics, EC and height were highly correlative. In the results of regression analysis, R-square of height and EC was some 70.4％ and that of number of leaves and T-N was some 70.2%. To conserve and restore Abeliophyllum distichum habitats, there were demanded that the accurate environmental analysis that considered such diverse factors as light intensity, temperature, genetic quality and so forth.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.53-63
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• 1994

In order to investigate the effects of application rates of mineral N and cattle slurry on the dry matter yield of Reed canarygrass grown in different cutting frequency, was was cernpared for the efficiency of N utilization. Annual rates of mineral N and cattle slurry N of 0 (control), 90kg, 180kg, 270kg and 360kg/ha in 3 cuttings, 0, 120kg, 240kg, 360kg and 480kg/ha in 4 cuttings, and 0, 150kg, 300kg, 450kg and 600kg/ha were applied as urea and cattle slurry in 5 cuttings, respectively. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The annual dry matter yields were increased with application rates of mineral N and cattle slurry. The annual dry matter yields of mineral N obtained were 14.4 ton/ha(ranged from 10.46 ton to 16.91 ton/ha) in 3 cuttings, 13.88 ton/ha(ranged from 9.91 ton to 16.53 ton/ha) in 4 cuttings and 15.98 ton/ha(ranged from 12.0 ton to 18.25 ton/ha) in 5 cuttings. The annual dry matter yields of cattle slurry obtained were 12.14ton/ha(ranged from 8.92 ton to 11.79ton/ha) in 3 cuttings, 10.81ton/ha(ranged from 8.92 to 11.79 ton/ha) in 4 cuttings and 12.98ton/ha(ranged from 10.68 ton to 14.85ton/ha) in 5 cuttings. 2. Relative dry matter yield of cattle slurry as compared to mineral N were 84.3%, 77.9% and 81.2% in 3, 4 and 5 cuttings. 3. Average increase in dry matter production(kgDM/kgN) tended to decrease with application rates of mineral N and cattle slurry, and higher cutting frequencies. Average increase in dry matter production obtained were higher values at rates of 30kg/ha/cut in both of mineral N and cattle slurry. Average increase in dry matter production to mineral N were 23.9kg, 18.8kg and 15.2kgin 3, 4 and 5 cuttings, respectively. 4. Average increase in total nitrogen yield(kgTN/kgN) to mineral N obtained were 0.46kg at rates of 60kg/ha/cut in 3 cuttings, and 0.45kg and 0.40kg at rates of 30kg/ha/cut in 4 and 5 cuttings. 5. Average increase in dry matter production(kgDM/kgN) to cattle slurry obtained were 13.7kg and 19.5kg at rates of 30kg/ha/cut in 3 and 4 cuttings, and 9.7kg at rates of 60kg/ha/cut in 5 cuttings. 6. Average increase in total nitrogen yield(kgTN/kgN) to cattle slurry was not concern to the rates of application. Average increase in total nitrogen yield to cattle slurry obtained were 0.11kg, 0.20kg and 0.21kg in 3, 4 and 5 cuttings. 7. Relative average increase in dry matter production of cattle slurry as compared to mineral N were 33.1%, 52.1% and 50.0% in 3, 4 and 5 cuttings. Relative average increase in total nitrogen yield of cattle slurry as compared to mineral N were 28.9%, 51.3% and 55.3% in 3, 4 and 5 cuttings.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.63-67
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• 1971

The nitrogen content and free amino acids were determined from the saute of mong bean paste which is one of the important protein sources on Korean diet. During the saute' process of mong-bean paste, valine, r-aminobutyrate, glutamine, arginine, methionine, and unknown acids were lost, but, proline, lysine, homoserine, and tyrosine were detected.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.271-280
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• 1994

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of fertilizing mineral nitrogen on dry matter yield of Reed canarygrass and also to estimate proper levels of fertilizing nitrogen when uncultivated rice paddy rapidly increased these days, was used for the production if Reed canarygrass. \ulcornerhe results are as follows. 1. Relative dry matter according to cutting frequency was appeared the highest at the 2nd cut for 3 and 4 cutting frequencies, and the 3rd cut for 5 cutting frequency. Those were 43.1, 34.0 and 34.1 % respectively. 2. When using only phosphrous and potassium, the average dry matter per year and ha was between 9.0 and 12.0 tons(3, 4 and 5 cutting frequency) and the highest dry matter was shown at 5 cutting frequency. 3. In accordance to the increase in the fertilization of nitorgen, the yield of dry matter was increased and, when 30 kg/ha/cut of mineral nitrogen was added, the biggest increase rate per added nitrogen for dry matter yield per year compared to that of no fe~tilization of nitrogen was recorded and it was 2.7, 3.3, and 3.4 tons/ ha for 3, 4 and 5 cutting frequencies respectively. 4. The efficiencies of mineral nitrogen on dry matter yield(DM kg/N kg) were the highest when 30kg nitrogen was applied particularly in 3, 4 and 5 cutting frequencies(29.7, 27.2, 22.8 DM kg/N kg). It recorded the highest of all the treatments. The efficiency was actually decreased in higher application of mineral nitrogen. The total nitrogen yield efficiency was the highest in 30kg(0.45kg and 0.48kg at 4 and 5 cutting frequency) and 60kg fertilization/ha/cut (0.46kg at 3 cuting frequency) and the decreased efficiencies appeared at fertilization of higher nitrogen. 5. Economical borden of mineral nitrogen fertilization were between 199.2 and 243.3kglha at 3 cutting frequency, between 253.4 and 295.9kg at 4 cutting frequency and between 302.2 and 361.3kg at 5 cutting frequency. 6. Under the condition of this experiment, the cutting frequency leading the potential production at maximum was 3 cutting frequency. At 3 cutting frequency, the efficiency of nitrogen utilization was higher and 15 or 16 tons of dry matter was obtained which is a level of economical border at fertilization between 200 and 240kglha. It wrs possible to obtain the maximal dry matter yield(l7 tonslha) at fertilization of lower level than 400kgl ha.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.521-527
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• 1997

A liquefied seasoning material was manufactured by using the enzymatic hydrolysis for the benefit of highly effective utilization of cockle shell by-product, and their quality was investigated. The weight ratio of by-product to whole cockle shell was 32.7%, and the contents of moisture and crude protein in the raw cockle shell by-product were 83.1% and 10.7%, respectively. The optimal concentrations of protease such as Protease N. P.(Pacific Chemical Co.) and Alcalase(Noo co), used in order to reduced the hydrolysis period, were effective at 4%(w/w), and optimal hydrolyzing time was 8 hours and after 8 hours were little changed. To improve flavor of the liquefied seasoning material, by Maillard reaction used thermal treatment, addition of glucose was very effective. And addition in hydrolysate with 10% glucose, 9% table salt, 2% starch and 0.5% caramel were suitable for promotion of taste. Total nitrogen and amino type nitrogen in the product were 1,607mg% and 1,264mg%, respectively. And the ratio of amino type nitrogen to the total nitrogen was 78.6%. The major free amino acid were glutamic acid, lysine, leucine, valine and aspartic acid, and content of glutamic acid was 1,027.5mg%.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.216-221
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• 1999

To reduce leaf nitrate content, lettuce plants(Lactuca sativa var. capitata) were grown in deep flow culture. Nitrogen concentrations were controlled to 1 (6.Sme/$\ell$), 3/4 (4.9me/$\ell$), 2/4 (3.3me/$\ell$), and 1/4 strength(1.6me/$\ell$) of Yamaziki's nutrient solution from 7 days before harvest. The pH of nutrient solution was maintained at high level between 7.2 and 8.4. The values of pH and EC were increased with the nitrogen concentration in the nutrient solution. The nitrate contents were lowest at the treatment of 1/4 strength, but not significantly different among other treatments. The nitrate content was lower in outer leaves than in head leaves. The weight and diameter of head and shoot weight were lowest at the treatment of 1/4 strength.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 1981

In order to investigate the effects of ammonium citrate and ammonium succinate on the growth and absorption of nitrogen compounds supplied in the medium, Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) calli were suspension cultured in MS medium with various concentrations of ammonium citrate and ammonium succinate. When Korean ginseng calli were cultured with 10 mM ammonium citrate, 10 mM ammonium succinate, and 10 mM ammonium nitrate (control) in MS media as the nitrogen sources, the growth, $NO_3$-N absorption and total nitrogen content of the Korean ginseng cells were greatest in the ammonium citrate and ammonium succinate concentrations. When Korean ginseng calli were cultured with 5 mM ammonium citrate and 5 mM ammonium succinate, the growth and nitrogen content were superior to those of the control: however, $NO_3$-N and $NH_4$-N absorptions were similar to those of the control. In conclusion, the 10 mM ammonium citrate and 10 mM ammonium succinate may be better able to facilitate the growth and $NO_3$

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.52-60
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• 1977

The affect of annual weeds to rice yield with morphological characteristics was evaluated. Rice heading date was shortened 1～5 days and rice culm length was shortened 5～10cm in heavy weed growing condition. No. of grains per panicle and no. of panicle per hill were the major yield components in yield reduction.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2001

This study was carried out to examine the recovery of forest ecosystem by changes of soil chemical properties and soil microorganism at the burned areas of coniferous (Mt. Chocdae) and broad leaved forest (Samsinbong in Mt. Chiri). In the soil chemical properties of the burned area of Samsinbong, pH was 5.8, and contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, available P₂O/sub 5/, exchangeable K/sup ＋/, exchangeable Ca/sup ＋＋/ and exchangeable Mg/sup ＋＋/ were 7.42%, 0.73%, 28.5 ㎎/㎏, 1.3 me/100g, 13.3 me/100g and 2.2 me/100g, respectively. But they showed a tendency to decrease with time. In the soil chemical properties of the burned area of Mt. Chocdae, pH was 5.3, and contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, available P2O5, exchangeable K/sup ＋/, exchangeabe Ca/sup ＋＋/ and Exchangeable Mg/sup ＋＋/ were 6.42%, 0.25%, 24.4 ㎎/㎏, 0.7 me/100g, 3.7 me/100g and 2.1 me/100g, respectively, and they also showed a tendency to decrease with time. In contrast, they were not changed with time at the unburned areas. At the burned area of Samsinbong, soil microorganism showed to order of fungi (69×10⁴ CFU), actinomycetes (523×10⁴ CFU) and aerobic bacteria (291×10⁴ CFU), and at the unburned area, showed to order of actinomycetes (745×10⁴ CFU), fungi (594×10⁴ CFUU), and aerobic bacteria (160×10/sup 4/ CFU). At the burned area of Mt. Chocdae, soil microorganism showed to order of fungi (676×10⁴ CFU), actinomycetes (434×10⁴ CFU) and aerobic bacteria (350×10⁴ CFU), and at the unburned area, showed to order of fungi (461 ×10⁴ CFU), aerobic bacteria (328×10⁴ CFU) and actinomycetes (319×10⁴ CFU). Soil microorganisms of the aerobic bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi appeared at the burned areas were much more abundant than unburned areas. The aerobic bacteria appeared at the coniferous forest were also much more than the broad-leaved forest. The actinomycetes and fungi appeared at the broad-leaved forest were much more abundant than the coniferous forest.