• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.96-102
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• 2009

In this paper, the effects of the position and the angle of the potential probes on the measurements of the ground resistance with the fall-of-potential method are described and the testing techniques to minimize the measuring errors are proposed. The fall-of-potential method is theoretically based on the potential and current measuring principle and the measuring error is primarily caused by the position and angle of auxiliary probes. In order to analyze the relative error for measuring value of ground resistance due to the position of the potential probe, ground resistance were measured in case that the distance of current probe was fixed at 50[m] and the distance of potential probe was located from l0[m] to 50[m]. Also, the potential probe was located at 30[$^{\circ}$], 45[$^{\circ}$], 60[$^{\circ}$], 90[$^{\circ}$] and 180[$^{\circ}$]. As a consequence, relative error decreased with increasing the distance of potential probe and decreasing the angle between current probe and potential probe. The results could be help to determine the position of potential probe when the ground resistance was measured at grounding system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.415-417
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• 2009

3점 전위 강하법을 이용하여 접지 저항을 측정하는 방법은 접지 전극과 전류 전극 그리고 전위 전극의 이격 거리 영향 관계에 따라 그 정확성이 결정된다. 하지만 실체 접지 시설을 요하는 현장에서 접지 저항을 측정하기 위한 공간 확보가 어려워 각 전극들의 정확한 위치 선정이 여의치 않는 경우가 발생할 수 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 전위 전극의 이탈 범위와 접지 전극으로부터의 이격 거리에 따른 접지 저항 값의 오차를 측정하여 각각의 경우에 대해 통상적인 접지 저항 측정 방법에 의한 측정값과의 오차 범위를 분석해본다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2001

The effects of the position of potential probe on the measurements of the ground resistance in the fa11-of-potential method are described. The ground resistance is theoretically calculated by applying the 61.8[%] rule, and then the potential probe is located on the straight line between the grounding electrode to be measured and the current probe. However, sometimes the grounding electrode to be measured and the measuring potential and current probes in on-site test might not be arranged on the straight line with adequate distance because there are building, roadblock construction and other establishments. Provided that the grounding electrode to be measured and the measuring potential probes are out of position on the straight line, the measurement of the ground resistance classically falls into an error and the measured ground resistance should be corrected. In this work, measurements were focused on the grounding electrode system made by the ground rods of 2.4 m long. The measuring error was increased with increasing the angle which is made by the 3-points of the grounding electrode to be measured, the potential anti current probes, and it was a negative. That is, all of the measured ground resistances ware less than the true ground resistance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.197-197
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• 2003

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.128-132
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• 1978

The potentiometric end-point of redox titrations determined by nulling the second derivative of the titration curve by numerical differentiation method is analyzed by using an electronic digital computer. The error involved in the method is shown to be dependent on the location of the equivalence point in the titrant addition increment that encompasses the latter. The error increases as the equivalence point moves away from the mid-point of the increment toward a maximum value that is as great as a half of the increment. Therefore, when the numerical differentiation method is used to null the second derivative, the end-point should be compared with the steepest point of the titration curve or diluted titrant should be used in the vicinity of the end-point.

• 전기의세계
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.27-38
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• 1966

본 고에서는 앞으로 신설된 배전계통에서의 고저압혼독시 전위상승에 대해 알아보고자 한다. A항의 검토에서 고목계통의 실측치와 D.C. board에 의한 계산치 사이에 약 10-20%의 오차는 있으나 계산치로써 전위상승을 추정할 수 있음을 알았음으로 신설될 23kv Y및 11.4kv Y배전방식에 대하여 계산한다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.69-77
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• 2000

In this paper, the effects of the positions of the potential and current probes on the measurements of the ground resistance and potential gradients with the fall-of-potential method are described and the testing techniques to minimize the measuring errors are proposed. The fall-of-potential method is theoretically based on the potential and current measuring principle and the measuring error is primarily caused by the position and ground resistance of the measuring probes. The ground resistance is calculated by applying the 61.8% and rule in the fall-of-potential method, and then the potential probe is located on the straight line between the grounding electrode to be measured and the current probe. However, sometimes the grounding electrode to be measured and the measuring probes in on-site test might not be arranged on the straight line with adequate distance because there are building, road block, construction and other establishments. Provided that the grounding electrode to be measured and the measuring probes ar out of position on the straight line or have inadequate distance, the measurement of the ground resistance classically falls into an error and the measured ground resistance should be corrected. Measurements were focused on the grounding electrode system made by the ground rods of 2.4m long. It was found that the suitable separation between the grounding electrode to be measured and the current probe is more than 5 times of the length of the grounding electrode to be measured.

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.08a
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• pp.231-234
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• 2007

와전류를 이용한 전위강하법은 시험체에 와전류를 비 접촉식으로 발생 시킬 수 있어 기존의 방식에 비해 결함 검출시 발생하는 오차를 줄일 수 있고 물체의 결함 검출신호의 신뢰성을 향상 시킬 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 와전류를 이용한 전위강하법의 전자기 유한요소해석을 수행하였다. 3차원 유한요소해석과정에서 해석시간을 단축시키기 위해 각 영역별로 MVP, ESP, RMSP, TMSP의 미지수 변수를 부여하여 유한요소해석을 수행하였다. 기존의 전위강하법에 와전류의 개념을 적용하기 위해서 주파수에 대한 결함 깊이의 영향과 결함에 대한 주파수에 대한 영향을 검토해본 결과 결함의 깊이가 깊어질수록 또한 높은 주파수에서 신호의 크기가 선형적으로 증가하는 패턴을 보였다. 연구결과 와전류를 이용하여 ACPD법을 시행할 경우 데이터 처리 과정과 실험 장비를 단순화 시킬 수 있어 결함 검사를 손쉽게 할 수 있을 것이라 예상된다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2007.07a
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• pp.888-889
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• 2007

와전류를 이용한 전위강하법은 시험체에 와전류를 비접촉식으로 발생 시킬 수 있어 기존의 방식에 비해 결함 검출시 발생하는 오차를 줄일 수 있고 물체의 결함 검출신호의 신뢰성을 향상 시킬 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 와전류를 이용한 전위강하법의 전자기 유한요소해석을 수행하였다. 3차원 유한요소해석과정에서 해석시간을 단축시키기 위해 각 영역별로 MVP, ESP, RMSP, TMSP의 미지수 변수를 부여하여 유한요소해석을 수행하였다. 기존의 전위강하법에 와전류의 개념을 적용하기 위해서 결함의 깊이와 주파수에 대한 영향을 검토하였다. 정확한 결함검출을 위해 검사과정을 초기검사와 정밀검사로 나누어서 실시하여 결함의 위치를 $\pm$2[mm]까지 도출해 낼 수 있었으며 결함의 폭과 크기도 어느 정도 추측해 낼 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.253-262
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• 1981

The AgI/ PV${\cdot}$THF membrane electrode could be used as an indicator electrode in the potentiometric titration of single halide and mixture halide solutions with the standard solution of silver nitrate. The errors in the stepwise titrations of mixture halide solutions were considerably large, but by addition of flocculating agent, such as $NaNO_3$ or $Ba(NO_3)_2$, in the sample solution, the errors were greatly reduced. Also, the effects of gelatin, filter paper and temperature on the titration errors were examined.