• Title/Summary/Keyword: 전돌

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Material Characteristics of Traditional Bricks used in the Royal Tomb of King Muryeong, Gongju, Korea and Its Reproduction Bricks (무령왕릉에 사용된 전돌과 재현 전돌의 재료학적 특성)

  • Kwon, Yang Hee;Hong, Sung Gul
    • Journal of Conservation Science
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.287-298
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    • 2014
  • This study investigates the material properties of the traditional bricks used in the royal tomb of King Muryeong. Compressive strengths, thermal conductivities, absorptance and the rate of residual moisture are measured by non-destructive experiments. Compressive strength of the traditional bricks is estimated by using the ultrasonic wave velocity and the absorptance. Based on the experimental results, the predicted compressive strengths using the ultrasonic wave velocity are unsuitable for the traditional bricks due to the rough surface and thickness variation of the specimens. The strengths using the absorptance are more suitable than those using the velocity because the predicted average strengths (28.69 MPa ~ 33.19 MPa) are close to building materials like normal strength concrete. In addition, the methods using the absorptance are not influenced by surface and thickness conditions of the specimens. The average thermal conductivities of the bricks measured by using Mathis TCi are close to those of soils (1.58 W/mK). The absorptance and the rate of residual moisture of the bricks are 1.6 % ~ 15 %, 0 % ~ 0.7 %, respectively.

Hydration Characteristics and Chemical Composition of Lead-glazed Paving Bricks Excavated from the Beopgwangsa Temple Site, Pohang (포항 법광사지 납유 전돌의 수화 양상과 화학조성)

  • Jeon Sangeun;Kim Gyuho
    • Conservation Science in Museum
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    • v.29
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    • pp.65-80
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    • 2023
  • This study investigated seven specimens of lead-glazed paving bricks in order to identify the materialistic characteristics of the lead glaze used for paving bricks during the late Unified Silla period in Korea. The samples were excavated from the Beopgwangsa Temple site, Pohang. As a result of observing the surface and cross-section of the glaze with a microscope, the study confirmed that the lead glaze demonstrates various traits of hydration, which were classified into four layers: Surface layer, hydration layer A, hydration layer B, and green layer. After measuring the composition of each layer with SEM-EDS analysis, the green layer was found to have been less affected by the external environment, which renders it highly reasonable to view the green layer as the original composition of the lead glaze. The green layer is a low-temperature glaze composed mainly of PbO and SiO2 at a ratio of 8:2, with approximately 2% CuO acting as the main colorant. Comparing the green layer composition with those from Gyeongsang-do, it was confirmed that the mixture ratio of lead glaze materials was similar to other sites such as the Sacheonwangsa Temple site, the Cheonryongsa Temple site, and the Buseoksa Temple site.

ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT OF CLASS III BIMAXILLARY PROTRUSION COMBINED WITH SUBAPICAL SEGMENTAL OSTEOTOMY (근첨하 분절 골절단술을 병행한 III급 양악 전돌증의 교정치료 증례)

  • Jeong, Mi-Hyang;Nahm, Dong-Seok
    • The korean journal of orthodontics
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    • v.28 no.3 s.68
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    • pp.479-486
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    • 1998
  • Bimaxillary Protrusion can be treated effectively in growing patients and in adults with conventional orthodontic therapy. However, In the adult patient, combined surgical and orthodontic treatment modalities may offer distinct advantages over such conventional therapy. In those cases complicate by vertical jaw dysplasia, sagittal dysplasia, or transverse skeletal discrepancy in addition to bimaxillary protrusion, the possibilities of obtaining successful results through orthodontic treatment alone greatly diminish. Surgical retraction of both maxillary and mandibular anterior segments with subapical osteotomies and ostectomies in the extraction site may be a good treatment alternative. Treatment time and possible adverse effects of lengthy orthodontic therapy may be reduced and optimum esthetic improvement may be facilitated. On the following cases, patient who had bimaxillary protrusion with Angle class III malocclusion was treated with combined orthodontic - surgical therapy by anterior subapical segmental osteotomies.

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Combined Surgical and Orthodontic Treatment of Bimaxillary Dento-Alveolar Protrusion: A Report of Case (전방부분절 골절단술에 의한 상하악 전돌증의 악교정 1 예)

  • Byun, Sang-Kil;Lee, Hee-Keung;Jin, Byung-Rho;Oh, Meung-Chull;Kim, Tae-Joo;Kim, Young-Jun
    • Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.271-279
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    • 1985
  • The authors treated a case of bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion corrected by anterior segmental osteotomies: As presurgical treatment & process, closing of the upper anterior spacing with fixed appliances was worked out, cephalometric predicition & model surgery was done, and fabrication of intra-arch acrylic resin splints were made. It was not necessary to make an intermaxillary fixation with wire after surgery. Only intramaxillary fixation of anterior retracted mobile segment with resin plate was required for 8 weeks. After surgical treatment, leveling of the upper and lower arch with rectangular arch wire were accomplished as the Intrusion of anterior teeth proceeded. We will continue to improve the class II molar relationship by using class II elastics and have a good occlusiion through the orthodontic treatment.

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An Archaeological Review of the Inscribed Bricks Excavated from the Tomb of Jang Mui: A Focus on the Collection of the National Museum of Korea (장무이묘 출토 명문전(銘文塼)의 고고학적 검토 -국립중앙박물관 소장품을 중심으로)

  • Lee Nakyung
    • Bangmulgwan gwa yeongu (The National Museum of Korea Journal)
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    • v.1
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    • pp.36-73
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    • 2024
  • The Tomb of Jang Mui located in Bongsan-gun, Hwanghae-do Province has attracted much attention since its first investigation due to the inscribed bricks found there that have allowed the guessing of the name and official title of its occupant and construction date. Inscriptions on these bricks, such as the "Prefect of Daebang Commandery Jang Mui" and the "Mu" (戊, the fifth sign of the Chinese calendar), and "Sin" (申, the ninth sign of the Chinese zodiac), have become the basis for believing the location of the government office of Daebang Commandery to be in Bongsangun, Hwanghae-do Province rather than somewhere in the Hangang River region. From the early days of its investigation, the tomb was suggested as historic remains of the Daebang Commandery along with the Earthen Fortress in Jitap-ri. Inscribed bricks excavated from the Tomb of Jang Mui were featured in several books and articles in the form of photographs and rubbings, leading to a vast body of studies on its construction period and the characteristics of its occupant that drew upon interpretations of the inscriptions. However, the inscribed bricks themselves were not publicly available outside those held in the collection of the University of Tokyo, making it difficult to expect consistent research findings on the types of inscribed bricks and their contents. Following previous studies re-examining the structure of the tomb and the materials used for its construction, most scholars dated the Tomb of Jang Mui to 348, a period after the collapse of Daebang Commandery. However, there is still a lack of adequate examination of the bricks, which account for the majority of the artifacts excavated from the tomb. Among the bricks excavated from most brick chamber tombs, including the Tomb of Jang Mui, only those with inscriptions or designs have been collected. Moreover, among these, only those with inscriptions or designs on the stretcher faces have been documented. Accordingly, the bricks themselves have been notably understudied. This paper intends to reorganize the contents of the inscriptions on eleven types (out of sixty-one pieces) of bricks in the collection of the National Museum of Korea, which make up the majority of the bricks excavated from the Tomb of Jang Mui. It also classified them according to their shapes. Furthermore, it examined the bricks from the Tomb of Jang Mui as architectural materials by focusing on their production techniques, including their forming, drying, and firing. Taking a more specific approach, it then compared the results to other bricks from the second century through the fourth century: those from the brick chamber tombs of the Nangnang and Daebang Commanderies and those from the brick chamber tombs built after Nangnang and Daebang Commanderies were ousted. The examination of bricks from the Tomb of Jang Mui has revealed that these bricks were basically produced using the brick manufacturing techniques of Nangnang, but they incorporated new elements found in bricks from brick chamber tombs or brick-and-stone chamber tombs constructed around the mid-fourth century in terms of their size, the use of lime, and the number of inscribed bricks. This supports the prevailing view that the date of the construction of the Tomb of Jang Mui is 348. The Tomb of Jang Mui sustained the existing brick chamber tomb burial tradition, but its ceiling was finished with stone. It demonstrates a blending of the brick chamber tomb practice of the Nangnang and Daebang Commanderies by using bricks produced based on related techniques, but with new elements such as the addition of a lime layer to the bricks. This fusion reflects the political circumstances of its time, such as the expulsion of the Daebang Commandery and the advance of the Goguryeo Kingdom, leading to diverse interpretations. Given archaeological evidence such as the structure, materials, and location of the tomb, the Tomb of Jang Mui appears to be highly related to the Goguryeo Kingdom. However, the forms of the inscribed bricks and the contents of the inscriptions share similarities with brick chamber tombs constructed during the third and fourth centuries in the Jiangsu and Zhejiang regions in China. Further studies on whether the use of lime was an influence from Goguryeo or a continuation of the Daebang tradition and a comparative examination with contemporaneous stone ceiling tombs will provide a more refined understanding of the Tomb of Jang Mui.

Restoration of Tiles Donated by Yoo Chang-Jong ("유창종(柳昌宗) 기증(寄贈) 기와(瓦)·전돌(塼)" 특별전(特別展) 유물(遺物)의 보존(保存) - 채색전(彩色塼)·귀면와(鬼面瓦)·귀면와범(鬼面瓦范) -)

  • Hwang, Hyunsung;Lee, Haesoon;Yi, Yonghee
    • Conservation Science in Museum
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    • v.4
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    • pp.47-55
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    • 2003
  • Among many artifacts donated by Yoo Chang-jong, we duplicated and performed conservation treatment for a colored brick(J3432), a roof tile with monster-mask design(J1886) and a mould for roof tiles with monster-mask design(J1882). We focused on the restoration of the paint layer for the colored brick. As for the roof tile with monster-mask design, we cleared the existing poorly repaired part and then performed a complete conservation treatment. We would like to present the process to duplicate a roof tile with monster-mask design using a real mould, for the special exhibition entitled "Donated Tiles of Yoo Chang-jong".

What determines dental protrusion or crowding while both malocclusions are caused by large tooth size? (치아전돌자와 치아밀집자의 측모두부방사선학적 비교)

  • Sun, Min-Kyu;Kim, Jae-Hyung;Cho, Jin-Hyoung;Kim, Jeong-Moon;Hwang, Hyeon-Shik
    • The korean journal of orthodontics
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    • v.39 no.5
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    • pp.330-336
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    • 2009
  • Objective: To examine the differences in lateral cephalometric characteristics between patients with dental protrusion and crowding in order to determine what factors affect dental protrusion or crowding while both malocclusion types are caused by large tooth size. Methods: Twenty nine individuals with dental protrusion and 22 individuals with dental crowding were enrolled in this study. All subjects had larger teeth than average and Class I molar relationships. Craniofacial characteristics and hyoid bone positions were determined from lateral cephalograms and compared between the two groups. Results: In the comparisons of craniofacial characteristics, the measurements indicating maxillary length and facial convexity showed greater values in the protrusion group than in the crowding group. Comparisons of hyoid bone positions showed that the hyoid bone was positioned more anteriorly and superiorly in the protrusion group than in the crowding group. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicate that some craniofacial characteristics and tongue position may affect the development of dental protrusion or crowding; when an individual has large teeth, dental protrusion or crowding might be determined according to maxillary growth and tongue position.