• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.617-622
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the addition of the extract (0, 2, 4, 6, 8%) and crude enzyme (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1%) extracted from the fruits of paper mulberry (Broussonetia kazinoki Siebold) on the tenderness and palatability of Jangchorim. Addition of up to 8% of the extract diminished the shear force by 4.8∼27%, while the addition of up to 1% of the crude enzyme begot 7.8∼34.2% decrease. Also, as the addition of the fruits of paper mulberry increased, the cooking loss was somewhat decreased, an the redness of cooked beef surface and free amino acid content in the liquid part of Jangchorim were generally increased. The contents of the mineral were in the order of Na, K, P, Ca, and Mg when crude enzyme was added. In sensory evaluation, the 4% crude extract from the fruit of paper mulberry and 0.1% addition in its crude enzyme showed the most favorable response.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.71-79
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• 2011

In this study, the variation of wetting front and ground water level at the embankment constructed in the Saemangeum area were predicted considering rainfall duration times and the slope stability analysis of the embankment was carried out according to prediction results of wetting front and ground water level. The embankment was formed by dredging soils. A suction stress, a cohesion and a frictional angle of dreding soils measured by soil tests were applied to estimate the unsaturated soil properties. According to the analysis results of the wetting front and the ground water level for various rainfall duration time, the wetting front began to descend from the upper part of embankment at the beginning time of rainfall and after 1 hour of rainfall duration time. After that, the ground water level continued to ascend as the rainfall duration time was getting longer. After rainfall, the ground water level was distributed at a certain depth, and the ground water level was gradually descending as time goes by. According to the slope stability analysis of the embankment considering the variation of the wetting front and the ground water level, the safety factor of slope was rapidly reduced as the rainfall began to infiltrate into the ground, and the minimum safety factor of slope was estimated after 24 hours of rainfall duration time. Meanwhile, the safety factor of slope was increased with regaining the matric suction in the ground after rainfall.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.28-36
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• 2008

The effect of attrition scrubbing on the recovery of platinum group metals (PGMs) from automobile catalytic converters has been investigated. Catalytic converters were first crushed into particles less than 2 mm and attrition scrubbed in the range of 60 min, and then they were sieved with several screens. The catalyst layer, $\gamma$-alumina, was dislodged from the surface of the supporting matrix into fine particles less than $45{\mu}m$ by attrition scrubbing. The fraction of fine particles less than $45{\mu}m$ increased as the residence time for attrition scrubbing increased. The composition of the fine fraction obtained at a residence time of 40 min was $CeO_2$ 19.3%, $ZrO_2$ 1.9% and PGMs 419 ppm. In the fine fraction, the recovery of y-alumina increased proportionally to the residence time. Simultaneously, the recovery rates of $CeO_2$, $ZrO_2$ and PGMs increased to 82.9%, 78.7% and 78.9%, respectively. The production of the fine fraction less than $45{\mu}m$ and the recovery of $\gamma$-alumina increased when the solid concentration and initial feed size increased. Therefore, the attrition scrubbing as the comminution and separation process was concerned to be effective for the recovery of catalyst layer from ceramic supporting matrix by physical impact and shearing action between particles in the scrubbing vessel.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.18 no.4 s.94
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• pp.535-542
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• 2006

In Seoul, more than 80 percent of residential buildings are constructed with unreinforced masonry(URM) buildings in early 1970 to 1990. In general, URM buildings have the advantages of reducing the construction time and easy to construction. However, URM buildings do not have enough strength against the lateral force. Moreover, low rise buildings have not adopted seismic designs, and for that reason a critical damage is expected with an earthquake. And also, the necessity of the seismic performance evaluation of existing building structures is raised through the Taiwan earthquake in 1999. The purpose of this study is to provide basic information for unreinforced masonry building in Korea by application of the proposed seismic evaluation method. In this study, seismic capacities of 50 existing unreinforced masonry buildings are evaluated based on the proposed method. Also, relationships of seismic capacities between Korean earthquake damage ratios of korean unreinforced masonry buildings are estimated. Results of this study were as follows; 1)Seismic retrofit was needed $8{\sim}48%$ in Korean unreinforced masonry buildings. 2)Korean unreinforced masonry buildings were expected to have severe damage under the earthquake intensity level experienced in Japan.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.96-102
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• 2014

To meet the reinforced discharge standards, effect of coagulant PAC (Poly aluminium chloride, 10.4% as $Al_2O_3$) on phosphorous removal in advanced wastewater treatment process (a modified $A^2$/O). 15 mg/L of PAC determined by jar-test was added to influent of settling basin in a modified $A^2$/O consists of anaerobic, anoxic, and oxic chamber which contains Bio-clod and porous polyurethane media. Performance of PAC was tested by supernatant after settling. The removal efficiencies of BOD, COD, TP (total phosphorus) and SP (soluble phosphorus) on biological process with PAC were 96.1%, 88.8%, 97.0% and 98.6%, compared with those on biological process without PAC were 95.4%, 72.4%, 71.6% and 59.5% respectively. 18.4% of TP and 39.1% of SP removal efficiency was increased, although increase of BOD and COD removal rate was not significant. Only PAC addition to influent of settling basin in $A^2O$ process can help total phosphorus removal to 0.13 mg/L with following discharge standard.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.135-140
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• 1993

An experimental study was performed to observe the infectivlty of sparganum (plerocercold of Spirometra erinncel) treated by prazlquantel, gamma-irradiation and mechanical cutting. The spargana were obtained from the naturally Infected European grass snake, Rhabdophis tigrina, or from the expenmentally infected mice. A total of 83 mice (ICR straine were divided Into 3 experimental groups by the source of the damage, fed each UH 5 spargana, and sacnaced 1 month later for worm recovery. In the praziquantel group, the worms were incubated In the concentration of 10㎍/ml (control: Tyrode for 4 hours) for 0.5. 1.2 and 4 hours at 36℃. and fed to mice. The recovery rate from mice in prazlquantel group was not different from that (80%) of control poop and in the range of 76-100%. In the gamma-Irradiation group, the worms were irradiated by 10-1000 Gy with Csl37. The average recovery rates of 69-100% were not different from that of control up to 100 Gy. The rate was 56% under 150 Gy, and 5% by 1000 Gy. In the mechanical cutting group, the worms were cut at 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 m from the anterior end of the scolex. The average recovery rates In each group were 70-90% and that of control was 90%. The present folding suggests that the sparganum be highly resistant to prazlquantel, gamma- irradiation and mechanical cutting. The vitality center of the sparganum must be at the anterior end of Its scolex.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.322-327
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• 2005

This study was intended to provide basic information which might be useful in increasing added values to the pork from Korean native black pigs (KNP), through comparative evaluation on carcass characteristics and meat qualities between KNP and four exotic breed groups including Duroc (DD), Landrace (LL), Yorkshire (YY), and LYD-cross (1/4LL 1/4YY, 1/2DD), and the results were summarized as follows. Live weight carcass weight, dressed meat weight, skin weight, fat weight and bone weight of KNP were significantly (p<0.05) lower than those of DD, LL, YY and LYD-cross. Carcass yield and dressed meat yield were also significantly (p<0.05) lower in KNP than other 4 groups, however, total fat, skin, bone, kidney and kidney fat in percentage were significantly (p<0.05) higher for KNP than others. Dressed meat yield was highest for YY, followed by LYD-cross and KNP. Weight of belly was 6.12, 9.43, and 9.52 kg for KNP, YY and LYD-cross, respectively. Percent belly of KNP was $11.11\%$ while other groups ranged from 11.5 to $12.2\%$ Shear force value was not different among the treatments. KNP had significantly (p<0.05) lower water holding capacity (WHC), and cooking loss, but significantly (p<0.05) higher in juiciness comparatively. KNP had significantly (p<0.05) higher $a^{*}$ value while DD had significantly (p<0.05) lower than other breeds.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.819-824
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• 2003

Effects of feeding browses on growth and meat quality of Korean native goats were investigated. Twenty eight heads of male goats were divided into four treatment groups fed diets containing oak browse, pine browse, fermented pine browse, and rice straw. Growth rate, feed intake, carcass and meat quality and blood and serum criteria were investigated. The highest average daily gain of goats was 45.3g from oak browse, and goats on pine browse gained similar to those on fermented pine browse. Daily forage intake was 197g DM for oak browse and 74g DM for fermented pine browse. Feed efficiency(g feed/g gain) of oak browse was 11.0g and that of pine browse was 15.1g. From the results of serological inspection, metabolism in body was normal with all the browses tested. Dressing percentage was 45.1~46.2% and meat percentage was 55.2~55.9% without significant differences between diets. Fat percentage of goat carcasses fed rice straw was higher than those fed pine browse or fermented pine browse which was, however, not significantly different from those on oak browse. Shear force and coking loss of goat meat on pine browse or fermented pine browse was less than those on rice straw(p〈0.05) without significant differences between other browses. Juiciness, tenderness, and flavor of the goat meat were the better(p<0.05) from the pine browse diet than from rice straw.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.425-434
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• 2007

In this paper, the stability standards of slopes reclaimed by soils mixed with stone dust were proposed to manage the stone dust as recovery soils. First of all, the mixed ratio between stone dust and natural soil is classified into 5 groups, and a series of soil test was performed in each group. As the results of tests, the shear strength and the maximum dry unit weight were increased in decrease of the mixed ratio of stone dust. On the basis of the investigation to the safety factor standards of embankment slopes in and outside the country, a slope stability rank of slopes reclaimed by mixed soils were divided into 3 stages such as unstable stage, attention stage and stable stage. The slope angle, the slope height and the mixed ratio with stone dust were proposed by the result of stability analysis of slopes reclaimed by mixed soils. As the result of slope stability analysis, the slope angle of 1 : 1.8 at the reclaimed slope should be constructed in case of the slope height of 10 m. Also, the slope angle of 1 : 1.8 and the mixed ratio of stone dust less than 50% should be constructed in case of the slope height of 15 m. The analysis result of reclaimed slope constructed inside the quarry is similar to that of reclaimed slope constructed on the open ground in same conditions of the slope angle, the slope height and the mixed ratio with stone dust. The proposed stability standards of slopes reclaimed by soils mixed with stone dust can be used practically at the quarrying site.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2005

Objectives: Hypertension is the most important risk factors for the cerebrovascular diseases, and also for coronary heart diseases, it is therefore very important that the people have a knowledge on nature of hypertension and it's high risk in order to prevent and detect the hypertension as early as possible. Methods: This study was done to find out the knowledge on hypertension of 434 parents of elementary school students from Kimjae city, Jonbuk province, they were parents in grade 4, 5 and 6 attending two elementary schools. The survey took 10 days from November 20 to November 30, 2003. Results: first, The highest correct answer(94.5%) was "obesity is risk factors for hypertension", followed by "hypertension is closely related with hereditary factors(91.0%) and "high sodium intake is associated with high blood pressure"(85.7%). The lowest correct answer(77.4%) was the classification of blood pressure level between normal and high. Second, Rate of blood pressure measurement for fathers was 53.7% and 54.8% in mothers. Awareness of own blood pressure by fathers was 84.1 %, while 91.1% by mothers. Third, According to blood pressure level reported by parents, fathers with normal blood pressure was 59.2%, high normal blood pressure was 12.2%, while hypertension was 28.6%. It revealed that prevalence of hypertension of fathers was higher than mother (normal: 74.5%, high normal: 7.7%, hypertension: 18.2%). Conclusions: From the results of this study, it is important to strengthen the health education about hypertension for community people and also school students.