• Journal of Distribution Science
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2012

Suncheon is a city comprising a rural and urban area, where there are four types of large stores. Studies have shown that there are too many large stores serving the local population of just 300,000. However, geographically, Suncheon is located at a transportation hub that borders the cities of Gwangyang and Yeosu as well as the local counties of Boseong and Gurae. Residents of these areas can reach these shopping stores within an hour's drive. Thus, the managers of these four stores regard residents in these areas as their valued customers and endeavor to create a differentiated image among them. In this study, 13 different images were used to determine the public's opinions and feelings towards these stores and the differences were analyzed. The store images measured overall store impression, diversity of the product, the quality of products displayed at the store, accessibility, the atmosphere, service to the customers, and so on. These images are evaluated subjectively by each customer and are major factors in them deciding to revisit the stores. The 13 images are classified into five main categories and further classified into 13 sub-categories. Three kinds of factor images were extracted from the store images in the five main categories by factor analysis using SPSS Ver. 19. The first factor image was extracted from the images of convenience, atmosphere, and service in the main categories and is called a sub-service factor for the store in this study. Accessibility to the store was classified as a convenience image in the main category and was extracted as a common factor along with diversity and the price of goods. These differences are expected according to the store location, that is, the difference between stores located in a large city and those in a small local city, and depending on the nature of survey respondents. The result shows that there is a significant difference between the stores' images with regard to accessibility, the price of products, brand image, and lighting/sound image. This study has the following limitations. First, the survey sample was restricted to residents of a small local city that includes rural and urban populations. The differences between the store images regarding traffic and accessibility are factored by store location, whether they are located within a large or a small city as well as the economic situation of these cities. Second, only the customers of large-scale stores were included in the survey as respondents. Relatively large traditional markets are held every five days in local cities and there is competition between large-scale stores and traditional markets with regard to diversity and the price of goods. It could be expected that customers in large-scale stores and customers in traditional markets would hold different store images. In future studies, images of stores in large cities should be compared with the images of stores located in small local cities. In addition, customer behavior when buying goods in large-scale stores should be compared with their behavior when buying goods in traditional markets.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• 제76권4호
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• pp.338-347
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• 1987

The research was carried out to investigate the related phenomena, the latent structures and synthetical characteristics in various growth factors of Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb. et Zucc. growing at Damyang gun, Chollanamdo, using multivariate analysis. 1. By synthetical characteristics in canonical correlation between height-growth factor group and diameter-growth factor group, the former was determined by the culm height ($x_1$), and the latter by the. diameter of the largest internode($x_7$). And for those between quantitative growth factor group and qualitative growth factor group, the former was determined by the surface area($x_{10}$), and the latter by the diameter of the largest internode ($x_7$). 2. The ten growth factors of bamboo culm were simplified by two principal components on the basis of accumulated proportion aimed at 90%. The first principal component($Z_1$) as a "size factor" showed high correlation with growth factors except eye-height diameter($x_5$). The second principal component($Z_2$) as a "shape factor" showed high correlation only with $x_5$. 3. The bamboo culm, and the latent phenomenon between their growth factors could be determined by two common factors showing high communality(94.16%). The ten growth factors can be grouped into two attribute factors: quantity and quality. 4. The bamboo culms can be classified into five types: total, volume, shape-quality, inferior and middle.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• 제90권1호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2001

This study was conducted to test the Cd accumulation and Cd-tolerance of Pisotithus tinctorius(Pt). Pt was isolated from Pinus thunbergii forest in Muan, Chonnam Province in 1997. Pt was cultured on MMN medium supplemented with $CdSO_4{\cdot}5H_2O$ at the final concentration of 0, 0.2, 0.5, 2, and $10{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ for 40 days. Growth rate and tolerance index of the fungus were measured every week, while Cd concentration, superoxide dismutase(SOD), and glutathione reductase(GR) of the fungus were analyzed at the end of the culturing, Pt showed growth reduction in vitro at $2{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ Cd in the medium and almost stopped growth at $10{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ Cd. Tolerance index of Pt decreased with increasing Cd concentration. Cd concentration of Pt was the highest at $10{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ Cd. Activities of SOD did not show significant difference between Cd concentrations, but GR of Pt increased at $0.5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ Cd, and decreased at $2{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ Cd. Consequently Pt could be called Cd accumulator with a tolerance mechanism to Cd. Their tolerance to Cd were expressed through the higher production of antioxidants such as GR. Pt may be used for revegetation and decontamination of soil polluted by heavy metals.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• 제52호
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• pp.9-35
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• 2017

This article is to study the life and philosophy of Jonjae Gidaeseung, who was at strife with his days and did not negotiate with himself, with focus on two concepts of buron(不穩, unrest) and 'sympathy'. It is the fact that to study the traditional philosopher is likely to be enlightening. In order to prevent the risk, we need to define first the concept of unrest as including anxiety to critical resistance. Also, I would like to propose the concept of sympathy in order to grasp the function of his mind which judges whether his feelings and actions are valid from an emotional horizon of unrest. Methodologically this article is to adopt a transversal and correlative thinking by combining an east Asian Confucian traditional concept unrest with a modern one space. It is because this research is to show a significant meaning when we study highlighted and hidden layers of our life and politics in 'now-here' and the 'between space' even though this transversal and correlative study shows the horizon of his life. This article is to investigate how a case is structured by occurrences and divergences and reinterpret a meaning from an emotional horizon. This process is done centering on two terms Guchatuan(pursuing ease ignobly), and Suwolbingho(moon reflected in the water and ice in a bottle), which is the source of Bingwoldang. The two terms were used by Jonjae himself. The latter shows an opposite meaning from the first and is accordingly a way by which we can look into his life and days. My research of Jonjae's life and politics from the emotional-philosophical level is original in that it reveals emotional traces beyond his philosophical ideas which previous studies did not show. In this article, I showed that Gobong was ambitious and resolute, and definite in his judgment and therefore was not good at controlling his uprightness. Also he was too straightforward to purify a language. His unrest characters made him conflict with old ministers and high ranking officials and therefore they avoided him even thought he was excellent in writing and learning and talented. He was oriented toward living by goodness and right Ways, which is summed up as Gisesa(vague movement, situational advantage, and death).

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• 제57호
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• pp.127-150
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• 2018

Although Wangfu's Tian-Ren relations theory could not be free from the influence of the religious understanding of the Yinyangwuxing theory, which was prevalent in the times of two Hans, due to the limitations of the times, it refers to human status and capabilities here and there of the "Qianfulun" and traces of attempts to enhance humans' ability to preside and attempts to dilute the powers of Tian(heaven) and God can be found. In addition, the fact that the theory shifted the focus of the administration and politics of the state from Tian(heaven) to the people can be also said to be highly worthwhile. Of course, when seen from philosophical, political, social, and economic perspectives, Wangfu's primary concern can be said to have been the stabilization of people's livelihood. The influence and contribution of Wangfu's ?Qianfulun? as such on the aspects of political and philosophical thoughts in the society at the time can be said to be comparable to those of Wangchong. Although there are the limitations of the situations of the times faced by Wangfu that made him unable to surpass the standardized paradigm of the Tian-Ren response theory, when seen from other perspectives, the fact that he severely criticized the confused social conditions at that time unlike other intellectuals in the confused situations at the end of the East Han Dynasty period can be said to be worth affirmation. The fact that Wangfu, who tried to work on the basis, the stabilization of the people's livelihood, concentrated most of his energy on overcoming the situation of national internal and external troubles such as breaking down the bad customs of operating the national administration by religious notions such as natural calamity or superstition instead of trying to solve the problems of the times from the academic and ideological aspects as with Wangchong can be also said to be valuable in itself. In addition, Wangfu naturally became to take the lead in breaking down deeply superstitious notions such as the Yinyangwuxing theory and the Chanwei theory while he was conducting studies on how practical problems could be overcome facing the situations in the turbulent period.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.220-227
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• 2009

This study was conducted to select superior families based on the open-pollinated (OP) progeny tests of P. densiflora. A total of 232 OP families were analyzed for relative height growth. The OP progeny test trials were established at 1 to 4 sites from 1975 to 1987. To minimize temporal and spatial variation, we applied the standardization method for family selection. In each progeny test, superior and inferior families were selected at ages of 10, 20 and 30. Relative height growth rate (RHGR), growth speed at a given time unit, was comparatively high at age of 10 with range from 0.1 to 0.6 and showed a large variation among families. However, after age 15, the RHGR was low (average 0.04) and also the variation was not significantly different among families. To reduce selection errors due to age differences (from age 23 to 35) of tests, we made the family selection after age 15 when the values of RHGR were stable. Height growth at each age was transformed to be height growth at age 35 based on the RHGR. As the results, family CB2, CB3, KW99 and KW2 were selected as superior families and KW158, KW22, KB40 and GG1 were considered as inferior ones, respectively. Rank correlations (r) between test ages and selection age 35 were high and statistically significant; r = 0.881 between age 30 and 35, 0.653 between age 20 and 35, and -0.222 between age 10 and 35.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.333-337
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• 2009

A new malting barley variety, "Daho", was developed from the cross between "Milyang85 and Suwon335" at the Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop (DRWCC) NICS, in 2007. An elite line, YMB2064-B-8-2-4-1-1, was selected in 2004 and designated as "Milyang134". It showed good agronomic performance in the regional adaptation yield trials (RYT) from 2005 to 2007 and was released with the name of "Daho", having high yielding and BaYMV resistance. The average heading and maturing dates of "Daho" were April 19 and May 27, which were 2 days later and 1 day earlier than those of "Jinyang", leading variety, at the regional adaptation yield trials (RYT), respectively. "Daho" had longer culm length (84 cm), more spikes per $m^2$ (915) and higher 1,000 grain weight (39.2 g) than those of "Jinyang" in paddy field condition. "Daho" was showed resistance to BaYMV at the regions of Naju, Jinju, and Milyang but moderately resistance at Iksan. However, the response of "Daho" to other environmental stresses was similar to "Jinyang". The yields of "Daho" at upland and paddy fields were about 5.20 MT/ha, 4.81 MT/ha, respectively, which is about 38%, 25% higher than those of "Jinyang" in the regional adaptation yield trials (RYT), respectively. It has higher grain assortment, germination capacity, water sensitivity and Kolback index but lower malt extract, diastatic power and filtration speed than those of "Jinyang".

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.328-332
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• 2009

A new malting barley variety, "Oreum", was developed from the a cross between 'Kinuyutaka' and 'Samdobori' at the Honam Agricultural Research Institute (HARI) in 2006. An elite line, YMB2077-2B-24-1-2, was selected in 2003 and designated as 'Milyang132'. It showed good agronomic performance in the regional adaptation yield trials (RYT) from 2004 to 2006, and was released with the name of "Oreum" having high yielding and BaYMV resistance. The average heading and maturing dates of "Oreum" were April 18 and May 24, which were 2 days later than 'Jinyang', a leading variety, at RYT. "Oreum" had longer culm length (75 cm), more spikes per $m^2$ (990), and lighter 1,000 grain weight (35.2 g) than those of 'Jinyang' in paddy field conditions. It was showed resistance to BaYMV at the regions of Naju, Jinju and Milyang but moderate resistance at Iksan. However, the response to other environmental stresses of was similar to 'Jinyang' The yield potential of "Oreum" was about 5.43 MT/ha, 4.93 MT/ha in upland and paddy fields which was about 80%, 35% higher than Jinyang in the regional adaptation yield trials (RYT), respectively. It has good malting quality including high grain assortment, germination capacity ratio, water sensitivity and high the malt production and the extract and short filtration speed than those of 'Jinyang'.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• 제129권
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• pp.23-51
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• 2014

Christine M. Korsgaard believes that constructivism can respond to moral skepticism without depending upon moral realism. The purpose of this paper is to examine Korsgaard's kantian constructivism and her positions on moral realism. According to Korsgaard moral realism cannot answer normative questions in that it sees the function of moral concepts as describing the reality and so accepts the model of applied knowledge for action. In contrast Korsgaard insists that constructivism is better at justifying normativity since it regards moral concepts as representing the solutions to practical problems and so shows that moral principles are necessarily involved in the practical problems of agency. Korsgaard's constructivism has antirealistic elements such as pure proceduralism, the constitutive model to exclude ontological, metaphysical meanings, and the account of human beings as the sources of values. In spite of those antirealistic elements it is difficult to jump to a conclusion that Korsgaard's constructivism is antirealism. Korsgaard, in the early book, The Sources of Normativity, says that kantian constructivism has something to do with a form of realism, or procedural moral realism. And in the following books she argues that constructivism is compatible with realism although she pays attention to the practical implications of constructivism and then sets aside its ontological relevance. That is, Korsgaard does not want that her constructivism results in antirealism. Korsgaard's realism, however, is too weak to be called as realism. There is, also, a question why one would rather take a constructivist approach if one holds on to realism.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.646-652
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• 2014

Data of pollution incidents which occurred in shipyards of South Korea for 10 years from 2004 to 2013 were collected and analyzed in order to propose the plans for the prevention of pollution incidents in shipyards. Total number of pollution incidents in shipyards was 103 cases over the nation of Korea for the recent 10 years and the average annual number was about 10 cases, and annual cases tended to increase from 8 cases in 2004 to 23 cases in 2010 and then to decrease to 9 cases in 2013. The location data of pollution incidents showed 32 cases in Busan metropolitan city (31%), 30 cases in Jeonnam (29%), 21 cases in Gyeongam (21%), 5 cases in Jeju (5%), 4 cases in Gangwon (4%), 4 cases in Gyeongbuk (4%), 3 cases in Chungnam (3%) and 3 cases in Incheon metropolitan city (3%). According to the data of work types of shipyards, 60 cases happened during the work of ship repair (58%), 25 cases during the work of ship breakup (24%), 10 cases in the course of ship building (10%) and 8 cases by others (8%). The data of pollutant type showed oil and oily mixtures to be 59 cases (57%), waste paint dust to be 22 cases (21%), iron dust and welding slag to be 13 cases (13%), wastes to be 4 cases (4%), waste FRP powder to be 3 cases (3%), and others to be 2 cases (2%). The plans for the prevention of pollution incidents in shipyards of Korea were proposed as follows; (1) Observance of the related laws and regulations, (2) Establishment and implementation of action plans to prevent areas dense with shipyards from causing pollution incidents, (3) Establishment and implementation of oil pollution prevention plans in shipyards, especially during the ship repair and breakup works, (4) Preparation of measures to solve civil complaints against pollution incidents in shipyards, and (5) Improvement in national management for the control of shipyards.