• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2011.05a
• /
• pp.41.1-41.1
• /
• 2011

초소수성 표면은 $150^{\circ}$ 이상의 높은 접촉각을 가지며 표면에 오염물질이 묻지 않게 하는 anti-contamination, anti-fingerprint, self-cleaning 기능을 갖고 있는 것이 특징이다. 재료표면의 친/소수성을 제어하기 위해서는 고체 표면의 화학적인 요인과 물리적인 요인 두 가지를 조절함으로써 이루어지는데 즉 물질의 표면에너지와 표면 거칠기를 변화시켜 친/소수성을 부여할 수 있다. 초소수성 표면을 구현하기 위해서는 고체 표면의 에너지를 낮춰야 하며 이는 일반적으로 불소화합물을 사용한다. 불소는 지구상의 원소 중 가장 낮은 표면에너지를 가지고 있어 주로 후라이팬이나 치아 표면에 코팅되며 오염을 방지하는 특성을 지닌다. 실리카는 박막소재로 이용하기 위한 우수한 특성을 가진 물질로서 자연계에서 매우 풍부하게 존재하고 있으며, 생체무해하며 내구성과 내마모성, 화학적 안정성, 고온 안정성 등을 지니고 있어 여러 가지 종류의 전자기기 및 부품의 내외장 코팅에 적용이 적극 검토되고 있다. 이러한 실리카 코팅소재를 바탕으로 초소수성 코팅층을 구현하는 하나의 방법으로서 본 연구에서는 전기분무법을 사용하여 실리카 코팅층을 형성하였으며, 표면에너지를 제어하기 위해 플루오린 처리를 하여 초소수성 실리카 코팅층을 제조하였다. 합성된 실리카 코팅층은 물 뿐만이 아니라 표면장력이 낮은 다른 용액에서도 초소유성을 나타내었다. 이러한 코팅층에 대한 고온 안정성과 UV 저항성, 내구성(durability) 등을 조사하여 실제 응용 가능성을 타진하였다.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.16-22
• /
• 2003

Zeta potential measurements of colloid particles suspended in a liquid are performed by a Zeta Meter developed. There are many applications of colloid stability in spray technology, paints, wastewater treatment, and pharmaceuticalse. Zeta potentials of charged particles are obtained by measuring the electrophoretic velocities of the particles using video enhanced microscopy and image analysis program. The values of zeta potential of polystyrene latex(PSL), $silica(SiO_2)$M, polyvinylidence difluoride(PVDF), silicon nitride, and alumina particles in deionized (DI) water were measured to be -40.5, -31.9, -25.2, -15.1 and -10.1mV, respectively. The particles having high zeta potential less than -20 mV are stable in DI water, because the double layers of them have strong repulsive forces mutually, and the particles having low zeta potential over -20mV are unstable due to Van Der Waals forces. Silica(>20nm), PSL, aluminum and PVDF particles were found to be stable that would remain separate and well disperse, while silicon nitride and alumina particles were found to be unstable that would gradually agglomerate in DI water.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.69-75
• /
• 2011

This article presents computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of sub-micron particle movements and flow characteristics in laboratory-scale electrostatic precipitator (ESP) without corona discharge, and for simulation, it uses the commercial CFD program (CFD-ACE) including electrostatic theory and Lagrangian-based equation for sub-micron particle movement. For validation of CFD results, a simple cylindrical type of ESP is simulated and numerical prediction shows fairly good agreement with the analytical solution. In particular, the present study investigates the effect of particle diameter, inlet flow rate, and applied electric potential on particle collection efficiency and compares the numerical prediction with the experimental data, showing good agreement. It is found that the particle collection efficiency decreases with increasing inlet flow rate because the particle detention time becomes shorter, whereas it decreases with the increase in sub-micron particle diameter and with the decrease of applied electric voltage resulting from smaller terminal electrostatic velocity.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
• /
• v.11 no.10
• /
• pp.931-939
• /
• 1998

Preparation of the hexagonal Sr-ferrite powsers with high performance by co-spraying precusor of the FeCl$_2$+SrCO$_3$ at a low temperature was proved as a cost =-effective method. The co-spray roasting was carried out in the temperature range of 300~$700^{\circ}C$ after SrCO$_3$ powders were mixed into 12FeCi$_2$.4$H_2O$ liquor. By this low temperature roasting method fine particles of multi-phased FeO$_2$+SrCO$_3$ were formulated. Powders calcined at 105$0^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour show the best magnetic property of M\ulcorner=69.96 emu/g, M\ulcorner=36.98 emu/g, and \ulcornerH\ulcorner=4.31 Oe. This calcining temperature is lower than that of the conventional dry method by 10$0^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.18-31
• /
• 2005

This study was performed to explore the liquid breakup and atomization characteristics for the classification of drop formation mode and background of uniform droplets generation in electrohydrodynmaic atomization according to the change of experimental parameters such as nozzle material (stainless steel. teflon). fluid flow rate, applied electrical field and intensity, and frequency. In results, from the classification map of drop formation modes according to the variation of applied AC voltage and frequency at a stainless nozzle, the droplet size was smaller than the outer diameter of the nozzle tip relatively in the spindle mode. The transition points became clearly to be moved toward the high applied voltage by rising the applied AC frequency beyond 450Hz. Also the droplet radius can be observed quite small in the frequency bandwidth of $350{\sim}450Hz$. The droplet radiuses decrease as the applied voltage increases for a fixed applied AC frequency within the range from 50Hz to 400Hz Over 400Hz, the relation between the power intensity and the droplet size was not consistent with a continuous mechanism of liquid breakup. Thus, it is showed that the droplet size distribution using the teflon nozzle was analogous to the results of stainless steel, but the droplet size was bigger than that of stainless steel relatively in case of a teflon nozzle.

• Proceedings of the Korea Association of Crystal Growth Conference
• /
• 1996.06b
• /
• pp.185-217
• /
• 1996

Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3은 높은 유전율과 전기저항 및 유전율의 온도변화율이 적은 Pb계 relaxor의 대표적인 재료로서 적층 세라믹 콘덴서 재료에의 응용이 크게 기대되고 있다. 그러나 산화물 분말을 이용하는 일반적인 세라믹스 합성방법으로는 Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3의 단일상의 합성이 어렵고, 합성과정에서 저유전율상인 pyrochlore상이 합성이 어렵고, 합성과정에서 저유전율상인 pyrochlore상이 공존하여 Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3의 전기적 특성을 저하시킨다. 본연구에서는 용액을 이용하여 Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3의 단일상을 합성하고자 하였다. 출발물질로는 값싼 금속염인 Niobium Oxalate, magnesium Nitrate 및 Lead Nitrate를 선정하고 증류수에 용해하여 혼합용액을 제좋고, 합성방법으로는 초음파 분무 열분해법과 에멀젼법을 이용하였다. 초음파 분무 열분해법에서는 75$0^{\circ}C$에서 합성한 분말을 다시 75$0^{\circ}C$에서 하소하여 Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 단일상을 합성할 수 있었으며, 에멀젼법에서는 80$0^{\circ}C$에서 Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 단일상을 합성할 수 있었다.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.155-160
• /
• 2022

Recently, major developed countries have strengthened automobile fuel efficiency regulations and carbon dioxide emission allowance standards to curb climate change caused by global warming worldwide. Accordingly, research and manufacturing on electric vehicles that do not emit pollutants during actual driving on the road are being conducted. Several automobile companies are producing and testing electric vehicles to commercialize them, but it takes a lot of manpower and time to test and evaluate mass-produced electric vehicles with driving mileage of more than 300km on a per-charge. Therefore, in order to reduce this, a simulation model was developed in this study. This study used vehicle information and MCT speed profile of small electric vehicle as basic data. It was developed by applying Simulink, which models the system in a block diagram method using MATLAB software. Based on the vehicle dynamics, the simulation model consisted of major components of electric vehicles such as motor, battery, wheel/tire, brake, and acceleration. Through the development model, the amount of change in battery SOC and the mileage during driving were calculated. For verification, battery SOC data and vehicle speed data were compared and analyzed using CAN communication during the chassis dynamometer test. In addition, the reliability of the simulation model was confirmed through an analysis of the correlation between the result data and the data acquired through CAN communication.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.150-155
• /
• 2023

Cold-start emissions are given great importance under the Euro-7 emission standard due to their significant impact on overall vehicle emissions. When an engine is started from a cold state, the combustion process is not yet optimized, leading to higher emissions. Hybrid vehicles, in particular, may face additional challenges, as their engine may remain inactive for extended periods, causing their catalysts to cool down and potentially become less effective in reducing emissions. In the present study, the performance of an electric heater was investigated as a means to enhance the catalyst heating during the start-up time. A simulation tool was utilized to develop a model for the gasoline exhaust aftertreatment system. The result indicates that the heater was able to increase the three-way catalyst temperature to 500℃ in 4 s using 20 kW power. In addition, the implementation of a secondary air supply resulted in reduced temperature overshoot and improved conversion efficiencies.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.62-67
• /
• 2023

Recently, the global automobile industry is aiming for a transition from internal combustion locomotives to zero-emission vehicles. Electric vehicles powered by battery energy can operate at peak performance and improve fuel economy by applying multiple motors or multi-speed transmissions. In order to design a two-speed transmission, it is necessary to evaluate and analyze the application system and performance of electric vehicles. In this study, control performance optimization of a twostage battery electric vehicle equipped with an AMT-based automatic transmission was performed and performance according to control pattern changes was analyzed. In order to improve the operating efficiency of the motor, the shift control that sets the optimal operating point according to the vehicle speed and required torque was derived from the motor efficiency map. The performance of battery energy consumption and transmission loss energy according to the hysteresis interval was analyzed and optimized. The hysteresis interval applied to the optimal shift map acted as a factor in reducing the frequency and loss of shifts. It has been shown that keeping the hysteresis interval at about 4 km/h can reduce energy consumption while reducing the number of shifts.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.55-61
• /
• 2023

Natural gas is a high-octane fuel that is effective in controlling knocking combustion. In addition, as a low-carbon fuel with a high hydrogen-carbon ratio, it emits less carbon dioxide and almost no particulate matter compared to conventional fossil fuels. Stoichiometric combustion engines equipped with a three-way catalyst are useful in various fields such as transportation and power generation because of their excellent exhaust emission reduction performance. However, stoichiometric combustion engines have a disadvantage of lower thermal efficiency compared to lean combustion engines. In this study, a combination of high compression ratio and Atkinson cycle was implemented in a 11 liter, 6-cylinder, spark-ignition engine to improve the thermal efficiency of the stoichiometric engine. As a result, pumping and friction losses were reduced and the operating range was extended with optimized Atkinson camshaft. Based on the exhaust gas limit temperature of 730℃, the maximum load and thermal efficiency were improved to BMEP 0.66 MPa and BTE 35.7% respectively.