• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.643-664
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• 2004

This study aims to review what geographers have contributed to GIS industries and national needs. To-be-geographers and geographers are expected to meet the gap between what we have teamed in school and what we have to do after graduation. The characteristics of GIS industry in the 1990 are summarized with approximate evaluation of the contribution of geographers in each stage. Author introduced the requirement for the licenses of geomatics and geospatial engineering experts and the other licenses, which are important to get a job in GIS industry from 2003 to 2004. A set of questionnaire on the user's requirements was given to GIS people in private companies and public GIS research centers and analyzed. Author found that they put an emphasis on hands-on experiences and programming skills. no advantages or geography such as capability or integration and inter-disciplinary collaboration were not appreciated. The prospects for the GIS tend to be positive but the reflectance of the prospect was not accompanied by at the same degree of preference for geography. Most government strategies for the next ten years' GIS focus on new-growth leading industries. SWOT(strength, weakness, opportunity, threat) analysis of geography for GIS industry will give some directions such as telematics, regional marketing strategies with web-based GIS technology, location based service. That means intra-disciplinary study in geography will evoke the potentiality of GIS, compared with interdisciplinary studies.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.353-360
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• 2017

In this study, the design and performance test of the air to water heat pump capable of producing hot water for greenhouse heating by using the surplus solar heat inside the greenhouse and the air heat outside greenhouse as the selective heat source were conducted. The heat storage operations using the surplus solar heat and the outside air heat were designed to be switched according to the setting temperature of the greenhouse in consideration of the optimum temperature range of the crop. In the developed system, it was possible to automatically control the switching of heat storage operation, heating and ventilation by setting 12 reference temperatures on the control panel. In the selective heat storage operation with the surplus solar heat and outside air heat, the temperature of thermal storage tank was controlled variably from $35^{\circ}C$ to $52^{\circ}C$ according to the heat storage rate and heating load. The heat storage operation times using the surplus solar heat and outside air heat were 23.1% and 30.7% of the experimental time respectively and the heat pump pause time was 46.2%. COP(coefficient of performance) of the heat pump of the heat storage operation using the surplus solar heat and outside air heat were 3.83 and 2.77 respectively and was 3.24 for whole selective heat storage operation. For the comparative experiment, the heat storage operation using the outside air heat only was performed under the condition that the temperature of the thermal storage tank was controlled constantly from 50 to $52^{\circ}C$, and COP was analyzed to be 2.33. As a result, it was confirmed that the COP of the heat storage operation using the surplus solar heat and outside air heat as selective heat source and the variable temperature control of the thermal storage tank was 39% higher than that of the general heat storage operation using the outside air heat only and the constant temperature control of the thermal storage tank.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.263-271
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• 1987

The cyclical trend and seasonal variations of chestnut prices have been analyzed to find out the chestnut price fluctuation in Korea during 1966-1985. The optimum prices, production, and plantation area for the next twenty five years (1986-2010) have been forcasted by the derived equation models. The results of study can be summarized as follows: 1. The chestnut prices were increased by 14.67 percent per annum during 1966-1972, an d decreased by 9.24 percent during 1973-1985, due to the excessive production of chestnut. 2. The chestnut prices showed the lowest price during the harvesting season, especially in October (89.1), and highest in July (109.1). Seasonal fluctuation of chestnut prices were 0.0837 (C.V value) during 1966-1975, and 0.0706 during 1976-1985. Such a seasonal fluctuation of chestnut prices tends to be even with the passage of time. 3. The equation model of predicted chestnut prices was derived as follows : PR=117788.088 - 7.60 TC/Pop + 6.585 GNP/Pop The chestnut prices will be the lowest in 1988, but increased rapidly thereafter. 4. The equation model of optimum chestnut production was derived as follows : $${\ell}n\;PD/Pop=-8.5147-0.8267{\ell}n\;PR+3.3063{\ell}n\;GNP/Pop$$ To maintain optimum chestnut prices according to this model, chestnut production should be 133,000 ton for 1988, and 1,899,000 ton for 2010. 5. Optimum chestnut plantation area will be 4,000 ha in 1988, and thereafter total plantation area will be up to 57,400 ha in 2010.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.145-158
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• 1986

This study was undertaken to purify cystic fluid (CF) antigen of Taenia solium metacestodes by affinity chromatogaphy using specific monoclonal antibody(McAb) and to characterize the antigenicity of the purified antigen. The hybridoma cell lines, prepared by fusion between mouse plasmacytoma and spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with CF, secreted antibodies reacting to various helminthic antigens. Majority of cell lines reacted to CF only but some also reacted to parenchymal antigen of T. solium metacestodes, adult T. saginata, sparganum, hydatid cystic fluid, Paragonimus westermani and Clonorchis sinensis, either in combination with CF, other antigens or independently. Cloned cells derived from monoclonal lines also produced antibodies reacting either to CF only or to other helminthes in combination or independently. These results indicated that CF of T. solium metacestodes contained proteins which possessed antigenic determinants not only specific to CF but also cross reactive with the afore-mentioned helminthes. CF of T. solium metacestodes was purified by affinity chromatography using the McAb which reacted to CF and parenchymal antigens. The affinity-purified antigen (A-Ag) and unbound pool CF (U-Ag) were separated. A-Ag showed 2 protein bands by disc-PAGE whereas CF exhibited 6 bands and U-Ag consisted of all bands CF had. The diagnostic significance of A-Ag was evaluated by ELISA in human neurocysticercosis and other helminthic and neurologic diseases. By A-Ag, the levels of the specific IgG antibody, as shown by absorbance in sera and CSF, were lower than those of CF and U-Ag. Accordingly, the sensitivity was about 70% of CF and U-Ag. However, the nonspecific positive reactions to CF and U-Ag, observed in sparganosis, T. saginata infection and paragonimiasis did not occur when A-Ag was used. These results indicated that the affinity-purified A-Ag had the higher specificity but the lower sensitivity as a diagnostic antigen in cysticercosis, probably because it only detected a single or limited numbers of monospecific antibodies among the diverse polyclonal antibodies produced in the patients with neurocysticercosis.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.307-314
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• 2016

Energy harvesting technique is to utilize energy that is always present but wasted. In this study, we have developed the energy harvester of the hybrid method utilizing both vibration and pressure of the vehicle traveling a road or parking lot. In the previous study, we have developed a prototype energy harvester, improved hybrid energy harvester, and developed a final product that offers improved performance in the hybrid module. The results were published in the previous paper. In this study, we installed the finally developed hybrid module in the actual parking lot. And we measured the power generation performance due to pressure and vibration, and the running speed of the vehicle when the vehicle is traveling. And we compared the results with those obtained in laboratory conditions. In a previous study performed in laboratory conditions the maximum power of the energy block was 1.066W when one single time of vibration, and 1.830W when succession with 5 times. On the other hand, in this study, we obtained the average power output of 0.310W when the vehicle is running at an average 5 km/h, 0.670W when at an average 10 km/h, and 1.250W when at an average 20 km/h, and 2.160W when at an average 5 km/h. That is, the higher the running speed of the vehicle has increased power generation performance. However, when compared to laboratory conditions, the power generation performance of the energy block in driving speed by 20km/h was lower than those in laboratory conditions. In addition, when compared to one time of vibration of laboratory conditions, power generation performance was higher when the running speed 20km/h or more and when five consecutive times in laboratory conditions, it was higher when the running speed 30km/h or more. It could be caused by a difference of load conditions between the laboratory and the actual vehicle. Thus, applying the energy block on the road would be more effective than that on the parking lot.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.758-763
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• 2014

Soil microbial fuel cells (SMFC) have gained a great attention as an eco-friendly technology that can simultaneously generate electricity and treat organic pollutants from the contaminated soil. We evaluated the effect of electrode spacing and size on the performance of SMFC treating soil contaminated with organic pollutants. Maximum power density decreased with increase in electrode distance or decrease in electrode size, likely due to higher internal resistance. The maximum voltage and power density decreased from 326 mV and $19.5mW/m^2$ with 4 cm of electrode distance to 222 mV and $5.9mW/m^2$ with 9 cm of electrode distance. In case of electrode size test, the maximum voltage and power density generated was 291 mV, $0.34mW/m^3$ when both of anode and cathode area were $64cm^2$ with 4 cm of electrode distance. The maximum voltage decreased by 19~29% when the anode area decreased to $16cm^2$ while only 3~12% of voltage decreased with cathode area decrease. The maximum power density decreased by 49~68% with decreasing anode size, and by 29~47% with decreasing cathode size. These results showed that the anode area had more significant effects than the cathode area on the power generation of SMFC which has a high internal resistance due to a coexistence of soil and wastewater in the reactor.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.525-536
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• 2005

This study was carried out investigate the effect of replacing soybean meal with feather meal or Bacillus sp. inoculated feather meal in finisher pig diets on the performances, and amino acid composition and carcass characteristics of pork. One hundred fifty pigs were randomly allotted to five dietary treatments (① control, basal diet; ② BSM (bacillus sp. inoculated soybean meal) 10, 10% of soybean meal was replaced with bacillus sp. inoculated feather meal; ③ BSM 20, 20% of soybean meal was replaced with bacillus sp. inoculated feather meal; ④ CSM (conventional soybean meal) 10, 10% of soybean meal was replaced with conventional feather meal and ⑤ CSM 20, 20% of soybean meal was replaced with conventional feather meal) in a 70-days feeding trial. In overall period, body weight gain of BSM 20 (0.95kg) was higher (P<0.05) than those of CSM 10 (0.80kg) and CSM 20 (0.81kg), respectively. And feed conversion of BSM 20 (2.94) was lower (P<0.05) than that for other treatments (3.06-3.41). Carcass weight of BSM 10 (81.84kg) and BSM 20 (83.77kg) were greater (P<0.05) than those of CSM 10 (74.75kg) and CSM 20 (76.07kg), respectively. Proportion of grade A carcass in BSM 20 (35.03%) was higher compared to the control treatment (32.78%). CIE L* of meat color was lowest in the BSM 10 (45.56), and hightest (P<0.05) in the CSM 20 (59.96). In addition CIE a* of meat color of control (9.35) highest (P<0.05) than those of BSM 10 and BSM 20 were 7.56 and 7.42, respectively.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.2 s.69
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• pp.253-260
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• 2005

Mitotic centromere-associated kinesin (MCAK), which is a member of the Kin I (internal motor domain) subfamily of kinesin-related proteins, is known to play a role in mitotic segregation of chromosome during M phase of the cell cycle. In the present study, we have produced a rat polyclonal antibody using human MCAK (HsMCAK) expressed in E. coli as the antigen. The antibody specifically recognized the HsMCAK protein (81 kDa), and could detect its nuclear localization in human Jurkat T cells and 293T cells by Western blot analysis. The specific stage of the cell cycle was obtained through blocking by either hydroxyl urea or nocodazole and subsequent releasing from each blocking for 2, 4, and 7 h. While the protein level of HsMCAK reached a maximum level in the S phase with slight decline in the $G_{2}-M$ phase, the electrophoretic mobility shift from $p81^{MCAK}\;to\;p84^{MCAK}$ began to be induced in the late S phase and reached a maximum level in the $G_{2}/M $ phase, and then it disappeared as the cells enter into the $G_{1}$ phase. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that HsMCAK protein localized to centrosome and nucleus at the interphase, whereas it appeared to localize to the spindle pole, centromere of the condensed mitotic DNA, spindle fiber, or midbody, depending on the specific stage of the M phase. These results demonstrate that a rat polyclonal antibody raised against recombinant HsMCAK expressed in E. coli specifically detects human MCAK, and indicate that the electrophoretic mobility shift from $p81^{MCAK}\;to\;p84^{MCAK}$, which may be associated with its differential intracellular localization during the cell cycle, fluctuates with a maximum level of the shift at the $G_{2}-M$ phase.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.487-494
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• 2009

Purpose: Small size of recombinant scFv antibody has many advantages such as rapid blood clearances and improved targeting antibodies to tumor region. On the other hand owing to small size, number of amino group is insufficient in conjugation with chelator and fluorescence labeling. This study is to introduce poly lysine tag to the C-terminal end of scFv lym-1 sequence for fluorescence chelator conjugation. Materials and Methods: Poly lysine scFv lym-1 gene, cloned into pET-22b (+) vector, was expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) strain. Antibody purification was performed with Ni-NTA column and then size exclusion column chromatography. Expression and purification levels of poly lysine tagged scFv lym-1 antibody were confirmed by western blot analysis. I-124, I-125, I-131 and Tc-99m were used for radiolabeling of purified poly lysine scFv lym-1. Flow cytometry analysis of FIT( conjugated poly lysine scFv lym-1 was performed for confirmation of immunoreactivity of human Burkitt's lymphoma cells. Results: Poly lysine scFv lym-1 antibody was purified through two steps and identified as molecular weight of 48 KDa. Radiolabeling yields of I-124, I-125, I-131 and Tc-99m into poly lysine scFv lym-1 were >99%, >99%, >95% and >99%, respectively. Flow cytometry analysis of poly lysine scFv and scFv lym-1 was showed similar immunoreactivity to human Burkitt's lymphoma cells. Conclusion: Poly lysine tag was useful for the sufficient number of amino groups to scFv lym-1 antibody for chelator conjugation with minimizing loss of immunoreactivity.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.409-418
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary probiotics and immunomodulator on growth performance, carcass characteristics, fecal $NH_3$ content and pathogenic bacteria counts in ileum and cecum and ileum of broiler chicken (Korean native chicken, HanHyup No. 3). A total of 120 (day-old) chicks were randomly divided into 5 treatments with 3 replicates and there were 8 birds per replicate. Dietary treatments consisted of five diets; the corn-soybean based control diet (C), the diet containing antibiotics (Avilamycin) 10 ppm (T1), the diet containing probiotics 1 [(Lactobacillus ($4.45{\times}10^6$) + yeast ($1.51{\times}10^6$) + Bacillus subtilis ($3.50{\times}10^5$)] at 0.5% level (T2), probiotics 2 [(Lactobacillus ($6.70{\times}10^7$) + yeast ($3.10{\times}10^6$)] at 0.5% level in diet (T3), and the diet containing probiotics 3 [T2 + ${\beta}$-glucan + organic acid] (T4) and raised for 9 weeks. There were no significant differences among treatments in weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion. Carcass ratios of broilers were higher in T3 and T4 than other treatments, however, the differences were non-significant. Internal organs and liver, heart weight were significantly increased in T4 (p<0.05) compared to other treatments. The fecal $NH_3$ gas content was decreased (p<0.05) in antibiotics fed group than others. However, probiotic fed groups were not different when compared with control. The number of Salmonella and E. coli in cecum were reduced in the group supplemented with probiotics and immunomodulator compared to the antibiotics (p<0.05). In this experiment, we showed that diets containing pro-biotics and immunomodulator were capable of an alternative to antibiotics.