Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5187/JAST.2011.53.5.409

Effects of Dietary Pro-biotics and Immunomodulator as an Alternative to Antibiotics in Korean Native Chicken  

Lee, Sang-Bum (Department of Animal Science, Pusan National University)
Kim, Byung-Kuk (Department of Animal Science, Pusan National University)
Park, Chang-Ho (Department of Animal Science, Pusan National University)
Park, Gun-Hyun (Department of Marine Bio-materials and Aquaculture / FFNRC, Pukyong National University)
Jin, Yong-Cheng (Department of Animal Science, Pusan National University)
Kang, Han-Suk (Department of Animal Science, Pusan National University)
Kim, Young-Chul (Department of Marine Bio-materials and Aquaculture / FFNRC, Pukyong National University)
Kim, Youn-Chil (Green Filed EM Bio Feed Co. Ltd)
Bai, Sung-Chul C. (Department of Marine Bio-materials and Aquaculture / FFNRC, Pukyong National University)
Kim, Seon-Ku (Department of Animal Science, Pusan National University)
Choi, Yun-Jaie (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University)
Lee, Hong-Gu (Department of Animal Science, Pusan National University)
Publication Information
Journal of Animal Science and Technology / v.53, no.5, 2011 , pp. 409-418 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary probiotics and immunomodulator on growth performance, carcass characteristics, fecal $NH_3$ content and pathogenic bacteria counts in ileum and cecum and ileum of broiler chicken (Korean native chicken, HanHyup No. 3). A total of 120 (day-old) chicks were randomly divided into 5 treatments with 3 replicates and there were 8 birds per replicate. Dietary treatments consisted of five diets; the corn-soybean based control diet (C), the diet containing antibiotics (Avilamycin) 10 ppm (T1), the diet containing probiotics 1 [(Lactobacillus ($4.45{\times}10^6$) + yeast ($1.51{\times}10^6$) + Bacillus subtilis ($3.50{\times}10^5$)] at 0.5% level (T2), probiotics 2 [(Lactobacillus ($6.70{\times}10^7$) + yeast ($3.10{\times}10^6$)] at 0.5% level in diet (T3), and the diet containing probiotics 3 [T2 + ${\beta}$-glucan + organic acid] (T4) and raised for 9 weeks. There were no significant differences among treatments in weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion. Carcass ratios of broilers were higher in T3 and T4 than other treatments, however, the differences were non-significant. Internal organs and liver, heart weight were significantly increased in T4 (p<0.05) compared to other treatments. The fecal $NH_3$ gas content was decreased (p<0.05) in antibiotics fed group than others. However, probiotic fed groups were not different when compared with control. The number of Salmonella and E. coli in cecum were reduced in the group supplemented with probiotics and immunomodulator compared to the antibiotics (p<0.05). In this experiment, we showed that diets containing pro-biotics and immunomodulator were capable of an alternative to antibiotics.
Keywords
Korean native chicken; Probiotics; Immunomodulator; Antibiotics;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 17  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Oliveira, E. 1996. O uso de acidos grsaxos de cadeia curta no controle de salmonella em racoes de aves. Piracicaba: USP/ESALQ, pp 72.
2 Mantovani, M. S., Bellini, M. F., Angeli, J. P., Oliverira, R. J., Silva, A. F. and Ribeiro, L. R. 2007. ${\beta}-glucans$ in promoting health: Prevention against mutation and cancer. Mutat Res in press.
3 McCullough, M. E. 1980. How to feed for 20,000 pounds of milk. Hoard's Dairyman. 125:11.
4 Mohan, B., Kadirvel, R., Natarajan, A. and Bhaskaran, M. 1996. Effect of probiotics supplementation on growth, nitrogen utilization and serum cholesterol in broilers. Br Poultry Sci. 37(5):395-401.
5 Oh, J. I., Kim, G. M., Ko, S. Y., Bae, I. H., Lee, S. S. and Yang, C. J. 2007. Effect of dietary dandelion (Taraxzcum coreanum) and dandelion fermented probiotics on productivity and meat quality of broilers. Korean J. Poult. Sci. 34(4):319-327.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Kirchgesser, M. and Roth, M. X. 1988. Ergotrope Efekte durch prganische suaren in der ferkelaufzucht und schweinemast. Ubersichten zur Tirernahrung. 16:93-108.
7 Kornegay, E. T., Rhein-Welker, D., Lindemann, M. D. and Wood, C. M. 1995. Performance and nutrient digestibility in weanling pigs as influenced by yeast culture additions to starter diets containing dried whey or one of two fiber sources. J Anim Sci. 73:1381-1389.
8 Line, J. E., Bailey, J. S., Cox, N. A., Stern, N. J. and Tompkins, T. 1998. Effect of yeast supplemented feed on Salmonella and Campylobacter population in broiler. Poultry. Sci. 77:405-410.
9 Kim, S. H., Park, S. Y., Yu, D. J., Na, J. C., Choi, C. H., Park, Y. Y., Lee, S. J. and Ryu, K. S. 2000. Effects of supplemental Lactobacillus spp. On performance and cecum microflora in broiler. Korean J. Poult. Sci. 27(1):37-41.   과학기술학회마을
10 Lowry, V. K., Farnell, M. B., Ferro, P. J., Swaggerty, C. L., Bahl, A. and Kogut, M. H. 2005. Purified ${\beta}-glucan$ as an biotic feed additive up-regulates the innate immune response in immature chickens against Salmonella enteric serovar enteritidis. Int. J Food. Microbiol. 98:309.   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Kang, H. K., Seo, O. S., Choi, H. C., Chae, H. S., Na, J. C., Bang, H. T., Kim, D. W., Park, S. B. and Kim, M. J. 2010. Effect of dietary supplementation of fermented by-products of garlic and onion on production performance, blood components and cecal microflora in broiler chicks. Korean J. Poult. Sci. 37(4):433-438.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Kim, S. Y., Song, H., Hong, J., Lee, Y. Y., Cho, K. H. and Roh, Y. K. 2006. Biomedical issues of dietary fiver ${\beta}-glucan$ (REVIEW). J Korean Med. Sci. 21:781-789.   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Kim, J. H., Kim, C. H. and Ko, Y. D. 2001. Effect of dietary supplementation of fermented feed ($Bio-{\alpha}^{\circledR}$) on performance of finishing pigs and fecal ammonia gas emission. J. Anim. Sci & Technol. Kor. 43(2):193-202.
14 Kim, S. H., Park, S. Y., Lee, S. J. and Ryu, K. S. 2004. Effect of feeding Lactobacillus reuteri to laying hens on laying performance, availability and intestinal microflora. Korean J. Poult. Sci. 31(4):265-271.   과학기술학회마을
15 Jin, L. Z., Ho, Y. W., Abdullah, N. and Jalaludin, S. 2000. Digestive and bacterial enzyme activities in broilers fed diets supplemented with Lactobacillus cultures. Poult Sci. 79:886-891.
16 Kang, H. K., Beloor, J., Sohn, S. H., Jang, I. S. and Moon, Y. S. 2009. Effect of dietary supplementation of Acanthopanax senticosus and Eucommiaceae on the expression of lipogenic, myogenic and antioxidant enzyme genes is broiler chickens. Korean J. Poult. Sci. 36(1):39-45.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Kim, D. W., Kim, S. H., Yu, D. J., Kang, G. H., Kim, J. H., Kang, H. G., Jang, B. G., Na, J. C., Suh, O. S., Jang, I. S. and Lee, K. H. 2007. Effects of single or mixed supplements of plant extract, fermented medicinal plants and Lactobacillus on growth performance in broilers. Korean J. Poult. Sci. 34(3):187-196.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Yoon, C., Na, C. S., Park, J. H., Han, S. K., Nam, Y. M. and Kwon, J. T. 2004. Effect of feeding multiple probiotics on performance and fecal noxious gas emission in broiler chicks. Korean J. Poult. Sci. 31(4):229-235.   과학기술학회마을
19 Hong, S. J., Nam, K. H. and Paik, I. K. 2001. Effects of herbal products ($Miracle20^{\circledR}$) on the performance, nutrient digestibility, small intestinal microflora and immune response in broiler chicken. J. Anim. Sci & Technol (Kor). 43:671-680.
20 Izat, A. L., Tidwell, N. M., Thomas, R. A., Reiber, M. A., Adams, M. H., Colberg, M. and Waldroup, P. W. 1990. Effects of a buffered propionic acid in diets on the performance of broiler chickens and on the microflora of the intestine and carcass. Poult Sci. 69:818-826.   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Zhang, A. W., Lee, B. D., Lee, S. K., Lee, K. W., An, G. H., Song, K. B. and Lee, C. H. 2005. Effects of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cell component on growth performance, meat quality, and ileal mucosa development of broiler chicks. Poult Sci. 84:1015-1021.
22 Duncan, D. B. 1955. Multiple range and multiple F test. Biometric. 11:1-42.   DOI   ScienceOn
23 Jang, H. D., Yoo, J. S., Kim, H. J., Shin, S. O., Hwang, Y., Zhou, T. X., Chen, Y. J., Cho, J. H. and Kim, I. H. 2008. Effect of dietary organic acid mixture on growth performance, organ weight, blood immunological parameter and intestinal villi morphology in broilers. Korean J. Poult. Sci. 35(1):57-62.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Jin, L. Z., Ho, Y. W., Abdullah, N., Ali, M. A. and Jalaudin, S. 1996. Influence of dried Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus cultures on intestinal microflora and performance in broilers. Asian‐Australian J Anim Sci. 9:397-404.
25 Cole, N. A., Purdy, C. W. and Hutcheson, D. P. 1992. Influence of yeast culture on feeder calves and lambs. J Anim Sci. 70:1682-1690.
26 Fuller, R. 1989. Probiotics in man and animals. J Appl. Bacteriol. 66:365-368.   DOI
27 Fuller, R. 1992 Probiotics. The scientific basis. Chapman & Hall London UK.
28 Gunal, M., Yayli, G., Kaya, O., Karahan, N. and Sulak, O. 2006. The effects of antibiotic growth promoter, probiotic or organic acid supplementation on performance, intestinal microflora and tissue of broilers. International J Poult Sci. 5(2):149-155.
29 Wang, W. S. and Wang, D. H. 1997. Enhancement of the resistance of tilapia and grass carp to experimental Aeromonas hydrophila and Edwardsiella tarda infections by several polysaccharides. Comp Immum Microbiol Infect Dis. 20:261-270.   DOI   ScienceOn
30 Zulkifli, I., Abdullah, N., Azrin, N. M. and Ho, Y. W. 2000. Growth performance and immune response of two commercial broiler strains fed diets containing Lactobacillus cultures and oxytetracycline under heat stress conditions. Br Poult Sci. 12(41):593-597.   DOI   ScienceOn
31 Wasser, S. P. 2002. Medicinal mushrooms as a source of antitumor and immune modulating polysaccharides. Appl. Microbiol Biotechnol. 60:258-274.   DOI
32 Wiedmeier, R. D., Arambel, M. J. and Walters, J. L. 1987. Effect of yeast culture and Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract on ruminal characteristics and nutrient digestibility. J Dairy Sci. 70:2063-2068.   DOI
33 Son, J. H. 2005. Effects of dietary ceramic powder on laying performance, pathogenic bacterial counts in caecal contents and excreta, malodorous substances in excreta and fatty acid composition of egg yolk in laying hens. Korean J. Poult. Sci. 32(4):261-268.   과학기술학회마을
34 Henrique, A. D. F., Faria, D. E., Franzolin, R. and Ito, D. T. 1998. Effect of organic acid, probiotic and antibiotic on performance and carcass yield of broiler. Anais da XXXV Reuniao da Sociedade Brasileira. de. Zootecnia. 302-308.
35 Hernandez, F., Madrid, J., Garcia, V., Orengo, J. and Megias, M. D. 2004. Influence of two plant extracts on broilers performance, digestibility and organ size. Poult. Sci. 83:169-174.
36 Hinton, M., Mead, G. C. and Impey, C. S. 1991. Protection of chicks against environmental challenge with Salmonella enteritidis by 'competitive exclusion' and acid-treated feed. Letters Appl. Microbiol. 12:69-71.   DOI
37 Woo, K. C., Jung, B. Y., Lee, M. K. and Paik, I. K. 2006b. Effects of supplementary $safmannan^{\circledR}$ (Beta-Glucan & MOS) and $World-Labs^{\circledR}$ (Multiple Probiotics) on the Performance, Nutrient Availability Small Intestinal Microflora and Immune Response in Broiler Chicks. Korean J. Poult. Sci. 33(2):151-158.   과학기술학회마을
38 Woo, K. C., Lee, M. K., Jung, B. Y. and Paik, I. K. 2006a. Effects of dietary acidifier ($Lactacid^{\circledR}$) and essential oil ($Immunocin^{\circledR}$) on the performance, nutrient metabolizability, small intestinal microflora and immune response in broiler chicks. Korean J. Poult. Sci. 33(2):141-149.   과학기술학회마을
39 Son, J. H., Ragl, D. and Adeola, O. 2002. Quantification of digestive flow into the caeca. Br Poult Sci. 43(2):322-324.   DOI   ScienceOn
40 Stanley, V. G., Ojo, R., Woldesenbet, S., Hutchinson, D. H. and Kubena, L. F. 1993. The use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to suppress the effects of aflatoxicosis in broiler chicks. Poult Sci. 72:1867-1872.   DOI   ScienceOn
41 SAS. 2002. SAS User's guide, Statistical Analysis System Inst. Inc Cary NC.
42 Chiang, S. H. and Hsieh, W. M. 1995. Effect of direct-fed microorganisms on broiler growth performance and litter ammonia level. Asian-Australian J Anim Sci. 8:159-162.
43 Baba, E., Nagaishi, S., Fukuta, T. and Arakawa, A. 1991. The role of intestinal microflora on the prevention of Salmonella colonization in gnotobiotic chickens. Poultry. Sci. 70:1902-1907.   DOI   ScienceOn
44 Stern, N. J., Cox, N. A., Bailey, J. S., Berrang, M. E. and Musgrove, M. T. 2001. Comparison of mucosal competitive exclusion and competitive exclusion treatment to reduce Salmonella and Campylobacter spp. colonization in broiler chickens. Poultry Sci. 80:156-160.
45 Tortuero, F. 1973. Influence of the implantation of L. acidophilus in chicken on growth, feed conversion, mal-absorption of fat syndrome and intestinal flora. Poult. Sci. 52:197-203.   DOI   ScienceOn
46 Underdahl, N. R., Torres-Medina, A. and Dosten, A. R. 1982. Effect of Streptococcus faecium C-68 in control of Escherichia coli induced diarrhea in gnotobiotic pigs. J Vet Res. 43:2227-2232.
47 Schneitz, C., Kiiskinen, T., Toivonen, V. and Nasi, M. 1998. Effect of $Broilact^{\circledR}$ on the physicochemical conditions and nutrient digestibility in the gastrointestinal tract of broilers. Poultry Sci. 77:426-432.
48 Chateau, N., Castellanos, I. and Deschamps, A. M. 1993. Distribution of pathogen inhibition in the Lactobacillus isolates of a commercial probiotic consortium. J Appl Bacteriol. 74:36-40.   DOI
49 Bowers, G. J., Patchen, M. L. Macvittie, T. J, Hirsch, E. F. and Fink, M. P. 1989. Glucan enhances survival in an intraabdominal infection model. J Surgical Research. 47:183-188.   DOI   ScienceOn
50 Buenrostro, J. I. and Kratzer, F. H. 1983. Effects of Lactobacillus inoculation and antibiotic feeding of chicks on availability of dietary biotin. Poltury. Sci. 62:2022-2029.   DOI   ScienceOn
51 Pelley, R. P. and Srickland, F. M. 2000. Plants, polysaccharides, and the treatment and prevention of neoplasia. Crit Rev Oncog. 11:189-225.
52 Shin, H. T., Kim, K. W. and Chung, K. W. 1994. Effect of probiotics supplementation on the performance and small intestinal microbiota in broiler chickens. Kor. J. Anim. Nutr. Feed. 18(5):322-329.
53 Rhee, H. W., Kim, I. H. and Kim, C. S. 1995. Effect of feeding live Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on nutrient utilization and changes of intestinal microorganism in broiler chicks. Korean J. Poult. Sci. 22(4):203-211.   과학기술학회마을
54 Rhee, H. W., Kim, I. H., Kim, C. S. and Sohn, J. C. 1997. Effect of feeding Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on growth performance and changes of intestinal E. coli in broiler chicks. Korean J. Poult. Sci. 24(2):67-72.   과학기술학회마을
55 Santoso, U., Ohtani, S., Tanaka, K. and Sakaida, M. 1999. Dried bacillus subtilis culture ammonia gas release in poultry house. Asian-Aus J Anim Sci. 12(5):806-809.
56 Santoso, U., Tanaka, K. and Ohtani, S. 1995. Effect of dried Bacillus subtilis culture on growth, body composition and hepatic lipogenic enzyme activity in female broiler chicks. Br J Nutr. 74:523-529.   DOI   ScienceOn
57 Petersen, R. D., Reinhold, W. and Tyborczyk, J. 1997. Cytokines in cosmetology. Cosmetics and Toiletries Magazine. 112:165-69.
58 Park, J. H., Ryu, M. S., Kim, S. H., Na, C. S., Kim, J. S. and Ryu, K. J. 2003. Influence of supplemental dietary Yeast culture on the noxious gas emission in broiler houses and performance of broiler chicks. J. Anim Sci & Technol(Kor) 45(1):41-48.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
59 Piao, X. S., Han, I. K., Kim, J. H., Cho, W. T., Kim, Y. H. and Chao, Liang. 1999. Effects of Kemzyme, Phytase and Yeast supplementation on the growth performance and pollution reduction of broiler chicks. Asian-Australian J. Anim. Sci. 12(1):6-1.
60 Radecki, S. V., Juhl, M. R. and Miller, E. R. 1988. Fumaric and citric acids as feed additives in starter pig diets: Effect on performance and nutrient balance. J Anim. Sci. 66:2598-2605.
61 Paik, I. K. 1989. Probiotics in animal production. Kor. J. Anim. Nutr. Feed. 13(3):175-183.
62 Park, K. W., Rhee, A. R., Lee, I. Y., Kim, M. K. and Paik, I. K. 2008. Effect of various ${\beta}-1,3-glucan$ supplements on the performance, blood parameter, small intestinal microflora and immune response in laying hens. Korean J. Poult. Sci. 35(2):183-190.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
63 Park, S. J. and Yoo, S. O. 2000. Effects of supplemention of antibiotic, probiotic and Yeast culture on performance and meat quality in broiler chicks. Korean J. Poult. Sci. 27(3):203-208.   과학기술학회마을
64 Park, S. Y., Kim, S. H., Yu, D. J., Lee, S. J. and Ryu, K. S. 2001. Effects of supplemental Lactobacillus on Broiler performance. Korean J. Poult. Sci. 28(1):27-40.   과학기술학회마을