• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.47-57
• /
• 2016

In this paper, we measured human body signals in order to verify a active harness system that we developed for gait and balance training. The experimental procedure was validated by tests with 20 healthy male subjects. They conducted motions of Activities of Daily Living(ADL)(Normal Walking, Stand-to-Sit, Sit-to-Stand, Stair Walking Up, and Stair Walking Down) according to body weight support rates (0%, 30%, 50% of subjects' body weight). The effectiveness of the active harness system is verified by using the results of foot pressure distribution. In normal walking, the decrease of fore-foot pressure, lateral soleus muscle and biceps femoris muscle were remarkable. The result of stand-to-sit results motion indicated that the rear-foot pressure and tibialis anterior muscle activities exceptionally decreased according to body weight support. The stair walking down show the marked drop of fore-foot pressure and rectus femoris muscle activities. The sit-to-stand and stair walking up activities were inadequate about the effect of body weight support because the velocity of body weight support system was slower than male's activity.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.123-132
• /
• 2019

This paper analyzes the performances of actor Song Kang-Ho in the background of interdisciplinary and integrated film acting, using performance rather than acting as a general term. If the act is a concept limited to acting training or acting skills, performance is a broad concept that includes expressions, movements, and emotions. The performance on the screen can be explained in the context of film and can be extended to the social attitude of acting. In addition, I used the term screen in terms of representation rather than film referring to medium. Song Kang-Ho expressed the performances of various characters in more than 30 films. Although his facial expressions, gestures, and voices suitable for individual characters in various genres are represented in various ways, personality inherent in the actor Song Kang-Ho integrates persona with character. What drives it is the social attitude of screen performance. As a sign, acting is an ideological construct and foregrounds a character who describes a certain social and historical moment. Song Gang-Ho as actor, persona and character, who asserts the popularity, speaks to society and makes discourse. His comic performance is always confronting the tragedy of life, his face is the spirit of the times, and it expands into social meaning. The face of the close-up does not laugh at all, the gesture symbolized by the curved rear view is exaggerated disorderedly and disturbingly, and the voice using dialect accent does not follow the standard of the vocal.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.50 no.3
• /
• pp.337-354
• /
• 2017

Cyanobacteria Aphanizomenon population is widely distributed in the world, and well known as harmful algae by producing toxins and off-flavor materials, thus belonging to one of the taxa that became more interested in the field of limnoecology. In this study, the frequency, intensity, and duration of Aphanizomenon occurrence were increased with the abnormal drawdown of water level in the winter in Boryeong Reservoir, and the spatial and temporal characteristics of them are compared with each other in the perspective of hydrometeorology (1998 to 2017) and limnology (2010 to 2017). In Korea, Aphanizomenon flourished mainly in high temperature, and the appearance in the low temperature was rare in total five times. The harmful cyanobacteria Aphanizomenon was observed in the low temperature (December to February) in Boryeong Reservoir from 2014, and then reached a maximum value of $2,160cells\;mL^{-1}$ in January 2017. In addition, the period exceeding $1,000cells\;mL^{-1}$ at this time was more than 3 months. This was simultaneously associated with abnormal water level fluctuation in the low temperature ($<10^{\circ}C$). The large drawdown of water level in the winter season has the potential to promote or amplify the germination and development of harmful algae. Also, subsequent water quality and ecological impacts(e.g., algal toxins and off-flavor substances) need to be considered carefully.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.107-113
• /
• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction with single bundle, single-incision technique using Achilles tendon and tibialis anterior allograft with ligament remnant preservation. Materials and Methods: Twenty six patients underwent PCL reconstruction was included. There were 21 males and 5 females. Mean age was 32 years. Used graft was a fresh frozen Achilles tendon allograft (group I, 14 cases) and tibialis anterior allograft (group II, 12 cases). Arthroscopic PCL reconstruction was performed using transtibial, single-incision and single bundle technique with remnant preserving as possible. For clinical evaluation, range of motion, posterior drawer test, Lysholm score, Tegner activity scale, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) grade and posterior stress radiograph were used. The mean follow-up period was 21.6 months (12-40 months). Associated injuries were 5 medial collateral ligament injuries, which were treated by conservative method. Results: Range of motion (ROM) was returned to normal range in 24 cases, but ROM deficit under $10^{\circ}$ flexion was 2 cases at final follow-up period. Preoperative posterior drawer test was 17 cases in grade II and 9 cases in grade III. At final follow-up 13 cases returned within normal grade, 7 cases grade I and 6 cases grade II posterior instability. Lysholm mean score was improved from preoperatively 62 to 90 at final follow-up period. Tegner activity mean scale improved from preoperatively 3.5 to 5.6 at final follow-up period. IDKC grade was grade A was 3 cases, grade B 17 cases, grade C 6 cases. In posterior stress radiograph, posterior displacement was improved from mean 12 mm preoperative to 4.5 mm at final follow-up. There were no statistical differences between two groups in clinical evaluations. There were two cases of re-rupture of graft at the bone-tendon junction in group I. Conclusion: We had successful results of PCL reconstruction with single-incision, single bundle technique using Achilles and tibialis anterior allograft without difference between two groups in patients with PCL injury. There were more re-rupture of graft in Achilles tendon group.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.181-193
• /
• 2016

We examined the inquiry activities in the material domain of the elementary science textbooks and experimental workbooks based on 2009 revised curriculum. The analysis framework was SEP (Science and Engineering Practices) - 'Asking questions and defining problems', 'developing and using models', 'planning and carrying out investigations', 'analyzing and interpreting data', 'using mathematics and computational thinking', 'constructing explanations and designing solutions', 'engaging in argument from evidence', and 'obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information'. Sub-SEP of each grade band were also used. The results showed that the $3^{rd}{\sim}5^{th}$ grade science textbooks and workbooks mainly emphasized 'make observations and/or measurements', 'represent data in tables and/or various graphical displays', or 'use evidence to construct or support an explanation or design a solution to a problem' among around 40 sub-SEP. In the case of the inquiry activities for $6^{th}$ grade, majority of sub-SEP included were also only 'collect data to produce data to serve as the basis for evidence to answer scientific questions or test design solutions', 'analyze and interpret data to provide evidence for phenomena' or 'construct a scientific explanation based on valid and reliable evidence obtained from sources'. The type of 'asking questions and defining problems', 'using mathematics and computational thinking' or 'obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information' were little found out of 8 SEP. Educational implications were discussed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.2265-2275
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors related to the stress of orthodontic patients and their quality of life. The subjects in this study were 181 patients who respectively received orthodontic treatment at three different dental clinics located in the metropolitan city of S and K province. The collected data were analyzed by using a structural inventory designed to investigate the general characteristics, stress, the weekly amount of drowsiness and the quality of sleep, and the statistical package SPSS WIN 18.0 was employed. As a result, they got a mean of $40.51{\pm}20.43$ in the level of self-perceived stress, $11.06{\pm}5.42$ in the weekly amount of drowsiness and $13.24{\pm}9.72$ in the quality of life. And it's ascertained that there was a statistically significant correlation among all the stress of the orthodontic patients, their weekly amount of drowsiness and the quality of life.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.61-65
• /
• 2015

We have fabricated poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) : poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT : PSS) thin films using a slotdie coater for the applications of OLED lightings. It is demonstrated that the properties of slot-die coated PEDOT : PSS films are comparable with those of spin-coated ones. Namely, the average and peak-to-peak roughness of the slot-die coated 50-nm-thick PEDOT : PSS film are measured to be as low as 0.247 nm and 1.3 nm, respectively. Moreover, we have obtained excellent thickness uniformity (~1.91%). With the slot-die coated PEDOT : PSS films, we have fabricated green phosphorescent OLED devices. For comparison, we have also fabricated OLED devices with spin-coated PEDOT : PSS films. Both show almost no discrepancy in device performance. The power efficiency (25.4 lm/W) and emission uniformity (77%) of OLEDs with slot-die coated PEDOT : PSS films are shown to be slightly lower than those (27.3 lm/W, 80%) of OLEDs with spin-coated PEDOT : PSS films at the luminance of 1,000nit, increasing the feasibility of using a slot-die coating process for the fabrication of large-area OLED lighting sources at a competitive price.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.355-362
• /
• 1999

New lectins have been isolated and purified from mung bean (Phaseolus radiatus) through physiological saline extraction, ammonium sulfate salt fractionation and column chromatographies. Ion exchanger were eluted by linear salt gradient and then further purified through gel filtration. Thus obtained lectin named as MBL. The gene expressions of 5 cytokines (IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, $TNF-{\aphpa}$ and $IFN-{\gamma}$) from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated with MBL were investigated by using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). PBMC ($1{\times}106$ cells/ml) isolated from healthy volunteers were stimulated with lectins (4 mg/ml) for various time intervals (1 to 96 hrs). After each of the various stimulated times, total RNA was isolated and assessed for different cytokines mRNA by RT-PCR. The mRNA encoding IL-1, IL-2 were detected continuously from 1 to 20 hrs, and IL-6 was detected up to 24 hrs. But the mRNA encoding $IFN-{\gamma}$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$ were detected to 8 hours only and showed short time response compared with other cytokines. The significant expression of all cytokines mRNA were observed at 4 hrs. These results suggested that MBL, as inducer of cytokines could elicit detectable cytokine mRNA from PBMC.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.32 no.1 s.124
• /
• pp.31-38
• /
• 2001

A lectin was purified from Allomyrina dichotoma (ADL) by physiological saline extraction, ammonium sulfate fractionation, anion exchange column chromatography on DEAE Sephadex A-50 and gel filtration column chromatography on Sephadex G-200. Several biochemical properties of ADL were characterized as follows: ADL from gel filtration column chromatography showed single band on SDS-PAGE. ADL agglutinated the erythrocytes of rabbit and human A, B, O, AB. Agglutinability was relatively stable at basic pH, and was stable at temperature below $40^{\circ}C$. Agglutinability was not affected by metal ions and EDTA. This lectin was proved to be a glycoprotein which contains 0.47% of sugars. The molecular weight of ADL was estimated to be 97,000 dalton by SDS-PAGE. By amino acid analysis, ADL exhibited high amounts of aspartic acid. The lectin's immunomodulating effect was measured as cytokine production. The productions of 5 cytokines $(IL-1{\alpha},\;IL-2,\;IL-6,\;IFN{\gamma}\;and\;TNF{\alpha})$ from peripheral blood mononuclear cells were measured by ELISA. The lectin induced the highest secretion of IL-2 at 8 hr, $TNF{\alpha}$ at 4 hr, and $IFN{\gamma}$ at 24hr, respectively. These results suggest that ADL can elicit the production of detectable cytokines from PBMC.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.339-346
• /
• 2013

As the need for security of SCADA systems is increasing, significant progress has been made in research on security of control protocol. However, very few security solutions were adapted to legacy SCADA system. The reasons for non-adoption are latency, cost and key management problem. We propose a low latency, economic security Solution to solve these issues. The proposed solution performs security function in data link layer and has minimum overhead to minimize latency. Furthermore, we try to solve the key management problem by providing systematic security keys and key distribution method.