• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.183-194
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• 2010

A suitability analysis for marine afforestation was carried out on physical items based on slop rate, bottom sediment, light intensity, velocity, and wave at north Geomoon waters in Korea. The data from each physical item were changed to a GSDM (Gridded Spatial Distribution Map) using Kriging interpolation. A GSDM grid includes information, and each grid was given a SI (suitability index) of 3 grades(SI of first suitability was 100, SI of second suitability was 50, and non-suitability had no SI). According to the analysis results of all overlaid GSDM, first suitability had 500 SI, and suitability area was 0.25ha. Second and third suitability had 400~450 SI, and suitability area was 2.36ha, 1.80ha, respectively. Therefore, the results suggest that reefs installed for marine afforestation should be anti-slip types against steep slope, and the target species need to include algae with low compensation light intensity in second and third suitability.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.179-187
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• 2007

This study was conducted to develop site index equations for some pine species by climatic zones based on the relationships between site index and environmental factors. The selected pine species were Pinus densiflora Sieb. et. Zucc., Pinus densiflora for, erecta, and Pinus thunbergii. A total of 28 environmental factors were obtained from a digital forest site map. The influence of 28 environmental factors on site index was evaluated by multiple regression analysis. Four to eight environmental factors were selected in the final site index equation for pine species by climatic zones. The site index equations developed in this study was then verified by three evaluation statistics such as model's estimation bias, model's precision and mean square error type of measure. We concluded that the site index equations for the pine species by climatic Bones were capable of estimating forest site productivity. Based on these site index equations, the amount of productive areas for the species by climatic zones was estimated by applying the GIS technique to digital forest maps.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.4
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• pp.605-612
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• 2014

This study was conducted to predict the changes of yearly productive area distribution for Quercus mongolica under climate change scenarios. For this, site index equations by ecoprovinces were first developed using environmental factors. Using the large data set from both a digital forest site map and a climatic map, a total of 48 environmental factors including 19 climatic variables were regressed on site index to develop site index equations. Two climate change scenarios, RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, were then applied to the developed site index equations and the distribution of productive areas for Quercus mongolica were predicted from 2020 to 2100 years in 10-year intervals. The results from this study show that the distribution of productive areas for Quercus mongolica generally decreases as time passes. It was also found that the productive area distribution of Quercus mongolica is different over time under two climate change scenarios. The RCP 8.5 which is more extreme climate change scenario showed much more decreased distribution of productive areas than the RCP 4.5. It is expected that the study results on the amount and distribution of productive areas over time for Quercus mongolica under climate change scenarios could provide valuable information necessary for the policies of suitable species on a site.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.126-135
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• 2015

This study was conducted to develop a large scale map of species-specific plantation sites based on selected environmental variables such as topography, soil, and climatic factors in Namwon city. Site index equations by tree species were first regressed to 27 environmental variables that could influence the productivity of forest sites using digital forest site maps, digital climate maps, and the 5th National Forest Inventory data. Site index equations by tree species were all evaluated to estimate site productivity using 4-5 environmental variables, and the models' reliability was confirmed based on evaluation statistics. The determination coefficients of site index equations by species ranged from 0.42 to 0.76. With the site index equations, the site conditions appropriate for productive sites by species were considered to assess spatial distribution of productive areas for each species. The final map for optimal plantation in Namwon city was produced based on both site index equations and site conditions appropriate for productive sites by each species using GIS technique. Field survey was conducted to evaluate the suitability of selected species on the map of species-specific plantation sites. Results showed that the plantation map provides relatively reasonable spatial distribution of productive areas for selected species. It was revealed, however, that the sites evaluated as 'not suitable' for any tree species should be revised and complemented with additional information, especially with the site conditions appropriate for productive sites by species of interest. The outcomes of this study are expected to provide information for making customized species-specific plantation maps.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.89-97
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• 2012

This study was conducted to estimate forest site productivity and productive areas of Quercus acutissima and Quercus mongolica using environmental factors including climatic variables. Using the data set from digital forest site map and forest climatic map, a total of 42 environmental variables were regressed on site index for developing the best site index equations for Quercus acutissima and Quercus mongolica. Five to six environmental factors by species were selected as independent variables in the best site index equations. For the site index equations, three evaluation statistics (i.e., mean difference, standard deviation of difference, and standard error of difference) were applied to the test data set for the validation of the results, The site index equations fitted well to the test data set with relatively low bias and variation. As a result, it was concluded that the site index equations by species were well capable of estimating site quality. Finally, based on the site index equations, the productive areas by species were estimated by applying GIS technique to the digital forest maps. In addition, the distribution of productive areas by species was illustrated.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.894-905
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• 2010

A habitat evaluation method was used to estimate the optimum suitability of the study area for the target algae. Habitat evaluation was carried out using an habitat evaluation procedure (HEP) so that the optimum suitability was quantitatively estimated for carrying out marine afforestation in the study area. According to the results of the suitability analysis, the variation of light and wave conditions according to depth showed the factors with the largest impact to involve the spatial distribution of suitable locations within the area. The total suitable area selected was calculated to be 18ha. The quality of the target algae (Ecklonia cava Kjellman) habitat was analyzed using an habitat suitability index (HSI) model of the HEP, which showed 0.55-0.907 (the maximum value being 1.0). This indicated that artificial reefs for afforestation should be installed to zonation type because the suitable area selected (The HSI value was 0.55~0.907) was distributed within the same depth line.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.101 no.3
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• pp.509-516
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• 2012

In this research, it was intended to examine the vulnerability of Pinus rigida to climate changes, a major planting species in Korea. For this purpose, the distribution of Pinus rigida and its changes caused by climate changes were estimated based on the 'A1B' climate change scenario suggested by IPCC. Current distribution of Pinus rigida was analyzed by using the $4^{th}$Forest Type Map and its potential distribution in the recent year (2000), the near future (2050) and the further future (2100) were estimated by analyzing the optimized ranges of three climate indices - warmth index(WI), minimum temperature index of the coldest month (MTCI) and precipitation effectiveness index(PEI). The results showed that the estimated potential distribution of Pinus rigida declines to 56% in the near future(2050) and 15% in the further future (2100). This significant decline was found in most provinces in Korea. However, in Kangwon province where the average elevation is higher than other provinces, the area of potential distribution of Pinus rigida increases in the near future and the further future. Also the result indicated that the potential distribution of Pinus rigida migrates to higher elevation. The potential distributions estimated in this research have relatively high accuracy with consideration of classification accuracy (44.75%) and prediction probability (62.56%).

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.72-82
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• 2014

This study was conducted to predict the changes of yearly productive area distribution for pinus densiflora under climate change scenario. For this, site index equations by ecoprovinces were first developed using environmental factors. Using the large data set from both a digital forest site map and a climatic map, a total of 48 environmental factors including 19 climatic variables were regressed on site index to develop site index equations. Two climate change scenarios, RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, were then applied to the developed site index equations and the distribution of productive areas for pinus densiflora were predicted from 2020 to 2100 years in 10-year intervals. The results from this study show that the distribution of productive areas for pinus densiflora generally decreases as time passes. It was also found that the productive area distribution of Pinus densiflora is different over time under two climate change scenarios. The RCP 8.5 which is more extreme climate change scenario showed much more decreased distribution of productive areas than the RCP 4.5. It is expected that the study results on the amount and distribution of productive areas over time for pinus densiflora under climate change scenarios could provide valuable information necessary for the policies of suitable species on a site.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.219-219
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• 2023

4대강사업으로 인해 생태계가 파괴되는 하천의 문제점이 발생하였다. 그로 인해 어류의 서식환경이 변화하였다. 하지만, 어류 각각의 서식처 선호도가 변화한 것은 아니기에, 변화된 환경에서 어류의 서식처에 대한 분석이 필요하다. 어류들이 선호하는 환경 조건을 판단하는데 많이 사용되고 있는 지수는 서식처 적합도 지수(Habitat Suitability Index, HSI)이다. 서식처 적합도 지수는 유속 및 수심과 같은 수리적 서식처 특성과 대상 종의 선호도를 나타내는 지수이다. 가로축은 수심 및 유속 변수, 세로축은 적합도를 의미하며, 1의 값에 해당하는 수심 및 유속이 대상 어종이 가장 선호하는 수심 및 유속 값을 나타낸다. 국내에서는 실제로 서식처 적합도 지수를 활용해 수리 인자와 서식처의 관계에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되었다. 서식처 적합도 지수는 현재 수리 인자만을 고려해 서식처 적합도를 판단하고 있는데, 정밀한 분석을 위해서는 수리 인자뿐만 아니라 수질 인자를 포함해 분석해야 한다. 실제로 수리 인자와 수질 인자를 함께 고려해 어류의 서식처를 분석한 연구는 부족한 상태이다. 본 연구에서는 수질적인 부분의 지수를 직접 개발하는 것이 아닌, 하천의 수질의 등급을 나타낸 Water Quality Index (NSFWQI)을 이용해 수질부분의 서식처 분석을 실시한다. NSFWQI는비교적 계산이 간단하여 수질 변화를 쉽게 파악할 수 있는 특징을 가진 지수이다. 수리자료는ADCP로 얻은 자료를 통해 기존 문헌과 대상 지역에서의 이미 존재한 서식처 적합도 지수를 이용하고, 수질 자료는 YSI로 얻은 자료를 통해 대상 지역의 NSFWQI 지수를 계산하였다. 서식처 적합도 지수와 NSFWQI 두 가지 지수를 공간분포로 나타내어 Arcgis의 적지분석 기능을 이용해 어류의 최적의 서식처 지역을 제시 하는데에 목적이 있다. 평가 대상 어종은 정수성 어종인 끄리(Opsariichthys uncirostris)와 유수성 어종인 피라미 (Zacco platypus)를 선정하였다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.101 no.3
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• pp.395-404
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• 2012

This study was conducted to develop site index equations and to estimate productive areas for major coniferous species in Korea such as Pinus densiflora Sieb. et. Zucc, Pinus densiflora for. erect, Larix leptolepis and Pinus koraiensis using environmental factors. Using the large data set from both a digital forest site map and a climatic map, a total of 43 environmental factors including 15 climatic variables were regressed on site index by tree species to develop site index equations. Six environmental factors by species were selected as independent variables in the final site index equations. The result showed that the coefficients of determination for site index equations by species were ranged from 0.36 to 0.56, which seem to be relatively low but good enough for the estimation of forest stand productivity. The site index equations developed in this study were also verified by three evaluation statistics such as the estimation bias of model, precision of model, and mean square error of measurement. According to the evaluation statistics, it was found that the site index equations by species fitted well to the test data sets with relatively low bias and variation. As a result, it was concluded that the site index equations by species were well capable of estimating site quality. Based on the site index equations, the productive areas by species for all forest areas were estimated by applying GIS technique to the digital forest site map and climate map. In addition, the distribution of productive areas by species was illustrated by using GIS technique.