• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.92-97
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• 2009

It is more necessary to consider the various factors for developmenting visible PV module of alternative window than traditional PV module. It must have sufficient performance which is Tvis, daylighting, daylight factor, glare index. so that more needs to consider suitable plan and total evaluated technology. Under the this background. For using commonly a combination BIPV module system and Daylinghting that can alternative architectural window, our goal on this study is drawing proper window area ratio as the window by analyzing lighting performance and glare index depending on transmittance of DSSC. On this study, we drew the result about window area ratio that can apply in the building when applying DSSC in the window. In situation that window is alternated as curtain wall in atrium that has big Widow area, if applying red 15.8% DSSC of low transmittance, it is expect to proper because it is suitable illumination standard and doesn't occur a discomfort glare. In case of office, we propose to apply red 33.2% or blue 35.2% DSSC of high transmittance for no affecting lighting load. we expect to contribute to select proper and effective window when applying the window in the building by drawing the window area ratio that can apply in thee building depending on transmittance of DSSC and offering the glare index data.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.282-287
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• 2005

Palladium membranes, which are permselective to hydrogen separation, were used for the hydrogen purification and in membrane reactors for improving conversions by shifting the reaction equilibrium. Palladium/ceramic composite membranes were prepared by electroless plating technique and then etched in titanium chloride ($TiCl_4$) as a post treatment to enhance the membrane's durability. These membranes were used for membrane reactors in water gas shift (WGS) reaction. CO conversions for the membrane reactor were obtained according to experimental parameters and compared to the traditional reactor without a palladium/ceramic membrane. As a result, CO conversion using palladium membrane reactor at an appropriate condition was over 20~25% greater than that without the membrane reactor. The stability in the long-term test of up to 120 h for WGS reaction with the membrane reactor was good without the degredation of CO conversion.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 1994.07a
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• pp.15-16
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• 1994

옥수수 전분의 추출공정 개선 연구의 일환으로 메 밀 찰옥수수에 0-10 kGy범위의 감마선을 조사한 후 전분 추출시험과 추출전분의 이화학적 특성을 펴가하였다. 적정선량 범위의 감마선조사는 전분추출을 위한 침지시간을 기존 50시간에서 40시간으로 단축 시킬 수 있었으며, 환경기준 물질인 옥수수침지액(아황산용액)의 농도를 기존 0.8-1.2% 에서 0.2%로 크게 감소시킬 수 있었다. 또한 옥수수전분 추출액에 있어서 감마선 조사된 메옥수수와 찰옥수수는 비조사군에 비해 10-30% 이상의 추출율 증대효과를 나타내었다. 추 전분의 이화학적 특성시험에있어서는 두 시료 모두 감마선조사에 의해 alkaili number와 광투과도가 크게 증가 하였으며, 물 결합능력 및 swelling power는 다소 감소하는 경향이었다.전분의 색도는 조사군과 비조사군 사이에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 효소반응 시험에서는 감마선 조사량이 증가함에 따라 효소반응 생성물인 포도당과 환원당 함량이 크게 증가하였다. Amylograph에 의한 물성시험에서는 감마선조사에 의해 전분호화액의 점도는 감소되었고, 그 경향은 메옥수수보다 찰옥수수에서 더욱 현저하였다. 또한 감마선의 이용은 옥수수 전분의 breakdown ratio 및 setback ratio를 향상시킬 수 있어 식품가공에서 전분의 고존도 사입 가능성을 시사하였다. 시사하였다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.133-140
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• 2009

This paper presents the experimental study to analyze the pressure and production behavior using depressurization and thermal methods in order to evaluate the hydrate productivity in the 2-D multi-well, plate-type apparatus which has 80 md permeability and 30% hydrate saturation. Injecting methane gas through multi-well allowed to set up the highly saturated hydrate system and combining two different sorts of sands made possible to build up the low permeability system. In this system, both depressurization and electric stimulation methods were applied. When operating pressure was low, according to the depressurization experiments results, the gas recovery was high, however strong pulses which appeared at initial stage of production would damage the operation system. Moreover, cases that hydrate reformed have occurred by endothermic reaction. We have conducted experiments four and six times for the depressurization magnitudes of 140 psi and 320 psi, respectively, to analyze production behavior for the method more in detail. For the cases that the depressurization magnitude was set as 140 psi, the unstable period appears in the results, but stabilized soon. In the experiment results for 320 psi the discontinuous and intermittent behavior has been observed. Thermal stimulation experiments was conducted with depressurizing 80 psi which is the case that shows stable behavior and low recovery. In the results, the gas recovery was high and the energy efficiency was low for long stimulating time. The energy efficiency and gas recovery increased for the soaking time of 1 minute after 2 minute-preheating. In the cases of which the soaking time exceeds 1 minute, energy loss by long soaking time caused low gas recovery and poor energy efficiency.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.574-580
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• 1992

Chitin was isolated from the residue of enzymatically hydrolyzed crab, Portunus trituberculatus, and further deacetylated by alkaline boiling to make chitosan. The physical properties of chitosan solution and its film forming properties were examined. The functional characteristics of chitosan film were compared to those of cellophane, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyethylene (PE) films. The proximate chemical composition of chitin obtained from crab residue was 6.95% nitrogen, 0.3% crude ash and 4.57% moisture and the product yield was 12.8% based on a dry material basis. The degree of deacetylation of chitosan was $79{\sim}92%$ and $70{\sim}86%$ as determined by IR spectroscopy, and $70{\sim}86%$ as determined by colloid titration method each respectively. The chitosan at 1% acetic acid solution showed distinct pseudoplastic flow behavior. The flow behavior index and consistency index were 0.8886, 0.2084 $MPa{\cdot}s^n$ for 0.4% solution and 0.8498, 0.6190 $MPa{\cdot}s^n$ for 0.8% solution, respectively. The chitosan film had the highest tensile strength $(888 kg/cm^2)$ and water permeability $(100\;g/m^2{\cdot}24\;hrs)$ among the tested films, but relatively low elongation property (49%). It showed the similar tear strength (90kg/cm) and light permeability (87.7%) to other films tested in spite of the relatively high haze value (12.5%). As the thickness of chitosan film increased from 0.025 to 0.050 mm, the tensile strength of film decreased distictively, and the degree of elongation, tear strength, and water permeability of film also decreased slightly. Whereas the light permeability of film did not change and the haziness of film slightly increased by the increase of film thickness.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.681-687
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• 2013

This study analyzed characteristics of 240 W high power LED lamps by comparing with those of traditional metal halide lamps. In addition, it analyzed the propriety of LED lamps as a source of light, considering seawater transmission characteristics. When Applying white LED package with the color temperature color temperature of 6500K, a 240W-LED fishing lamp has a characteristics of the luminous angle to be expanded to ${\pm}45^{\circ}$, the illumination change was improved to 0.8, as well as the luminance efficiency was improved to 98.8lm/W. As results of comparison between one 1,500W-metal halide lamp and four 240W-LED lamp with considering a seawater transmission and a luminous efficiency of scotopic vision, the radiant flux of two lamps were almost equal level at 50m depth and the luminous flux was 5% higher LED lamp than metal-halide lamp even if only applying the luminous efficiency of scotopic vision. As the luminous flux of LED lmap was 14% higher than that of metal-halide lamp with applying the luminous efficiency of scotopic vision to radiant flux at 50m depth, so LED fishing lamp was verified to alternative possibility of metal-halide lamp.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.39-42
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to develop the appropriate packaging method for minimally processed sliced onions. The films of different gas permeabilities (LDPE $30{\mu}m$, PD900 and PD941) were used for packaging 1300g of onion slices cut into octuplicate pieces. Perforated LDPE package was prepared as control for comparison. The package atmosphere and onion quality were measured through storage at $1^{\circ}C$ for 38 days. PD900 package of the lowest gas permeability was the best in keeping the fresh-cut onions by maintaining MA conditions of 1-3% $O_2$ and 4-11% $CO_2$ concentrations. The benefits were reduced discoloration, decay and soakness.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2003

The aim of this study is to evaluate a efficient w/v% barium suspension and w/v% sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (SCMC) for small bowel examination. Between november 2001 and june 2002, 370 patients were examined small bowel examination with oral administration of barium suspension mixed with SCMC. we classified into six groups including A(fine type 40% $BaSO_4$ mixed 0.5% SCMC and 600 ml 0.5% SCMC administration), B(fine type 30% $BaSO_4$ mixed 0.5% SCMC), C(fine type 20% $BaSO_4$ mixed 0.5% SCMC), D(fine type 25% $BaSO_4$ mixed 0.5% SCMC), E(D mixed coarse type 25% $BaSO_4$ mixed 0.5% SCMC), F(D mixed coarse type 25% $BaSO_4$ mixed 0.75% SCMC). We measured transparency rate of contrast media transit time, administration dose, viscosity and particle size. The transparency rate was higher then 80 kV and 90 kV in 100 kV in the same 20 mAs condition. Transit time was the fastest in A group(mean trans time 56 minutes) and the slowest in E group(mean 100 minutes), Administration dose was the smallest in A group(mean dose 541 ml and the most in E group(mean 1,100 ml), viscosity was the lowest in E(125.1 mpa/s) and the highest in A(375.5 mpa/s), and particle size was $1.0\;{\mu}m$ in A, B, C, and D group, $0.6\;{\mu}m,\;1.0\;{\mu}m,\;10.0\;{\mu}m$ in E, F group. In conclusion, we propose that the efficient condition for small examination is high voltage technique, high density $BaSO_4$, and 0.625% w/v SCMC.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 2011

There is a need in food industry to store minimally processed garlic for long time to have it be used just at the time of demand for final product processing. Optimal modified atmosphere packaging is expected to slow down the quality change extending its storage life. In order to find optimal packaging conditions, plastic films of different gas permeability properties (low density polyethylene (LDPE) $30{\mu}m$, polyolefin $50{\mu}m$ (PD 900), polyolefin $20{\mu}m$ (PD 941)) were used for packaging 400 g of minimally processed garlic. Perforated LDPE packages were prepared as control. The packaged products were stored at $1{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ for 52 days. Package treatments were compared in weight loss, decay, surface color, hardness and soluble solid content. While control package had normal atmosphere of air, LDPE, PD 900 and PD 941 packages attained internal concentration of $O_2$ 4.6% / $CO_2$ 12%, $O_2$ 0.9% / $CO_2$ 21% and $O_2$ 0.5% / $CO_2$ 13% after 45 days, respectively. Control packaging had rapid weight loss with high mold decay and great surface color change in 45 days. In PD 900 film packages of lowest gas permeability, the fresh-cut garlic could be stored without mold decay for 52 days. Except control packaging, there were no significant differences in surface color, hardness and soluble solid content among package treatments.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.30-34
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• 2011

We investigated the structural, electrical and optical characteristics of thin films with ITO deposited by a low temperature RF reactive magnetron sputtering. The deposited thin films were annealed for 2 hours at various temperatures of $50^{\circ}C$, $100^{\circ}C$, $150^{\circ}C$, $200^{\circ}C$ and $250^{\circ}C$ and were analyzed by using X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscopy and 4 point probe. The films annealed at temperatures higher than $150^{\circ}C$ were found to be crystallized and their electrical resistance were decreased from $40{\Omega}cm$to $18{\Omega}cm$. The optical transmittance of the film annealed at $150^{\circ}C$ was increased by over 87% in the 450 nm ~ 900 nm wavelength range. Our results indicate that the films with ITO deposited at even a low temperature can show better optical and electrical properties through a proper heat treatment.