• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.229-240
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• 2003

An in vitro test and a broiler feeding trial were conducted to test the effect of hydrothermal treatment of wheat bran on phytate-P degradation and it’s feeding effect on performance of broilers. Hydrothermal treatment of wheat bran was carried out at 55$^{\circ}C$ with pH 5.5 buffer solution. Phytate-P content of wheat bran decreased quadrically as the wheat bran: buffer solution ratio increased from 1:0.5 to 1:5. Phytate-P degradation was not significantly affected by incubation times above 10 min., drying temperature (55$^{\circ}C$, 65$^{\circ}C$ and 75$^{\circ}C$) or pH of the buffer solution (5.5 and 7.0). A feeding trial was conducted with 240 sex separated d-old broiler chickens (Ross$^{\circledR}$). Broilers were randomly housed to 24 cages of 10 birds each. Six cages (3 of each sex) were assigned to 4 treatments: Control-normal level of non-phytate-P (NPP); LP-low NPP treatment which had 0.1% lower NPP than Control; LPWB-LP with wheat bran which provided 475 IU of plant phytase per kg diet; LPHWB-LP with hydrothermally treated wheat bran. Results of the feeding trial showed that broilers in the LP treatment gained significantly less than other treatments in starter period (1-21d) but only male broilers for growing LP gained significantly less than Control in the grower (22-35d) and overall period. There were no significant differences in weight gain among the birds of LPWB, LPHWB and Control. Feed intake during the overall period was not significantly different between LPWB and Control but that of LP was lower than LPHWB and that of LPHWB was lower than Control. Feed/gain ratio was significantly lower in LPHWB and LP than in Control and LPWP. Mortality was highest in LPHWB. Availability of crude fat, crude ash and Ca was significantly lower in LP than other treatments. Availability of P and Zn was higher in LPWB and LPHWB than in Control and LP. Availability of P, Mg and Zn was highest in LPHWP treatment. Excretion of P was significantly lower in low NPP treatments than in Control. Serum Ca level was highest whereas serum P level was lowest in LP. Tibial crude ash content was higher in wheat bran treatments, but lower in LP than Control. However, tibial Ca content was higher in Control and LP than wheat bran treatments. Tibial P content of LP and LPWB was lower than Control. However, tibial content of Fe was highest in LP. It was concluded that wheat bran, a source of plant phytase, could be used in low NPP broiler diets to prevent the depression of performance. Reduction of P excretion can be achieved concomitantly. Hydrothermal treatment of wheat bran was effective in improving utilizability of some minerals but was not effective in improving performance of broilers.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.598-606
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• 2009

Oxidative stress by free radicals is a major cause of neuronal cell death. Excitotoxicity in hypoxia/ischemia causes an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), resulting in dysfunction of the mitochondria and cell death. Pinelliae Rhizoma (PR) is a traditional medicine for incipient stroke. We investigated the effects of PR Water-Extract on the modulation of ROS and MMP in a hypoxic model using cultured rat cortical cells. PR Water-Extract was added to the culture medium at various concentrations (0.25${\sim}$5, 5.0 ${\mu}g/ml$) on day in vitro 12(DIV12), given a hypoxic shock (2% $O_2$/5% $CO_2$, $37^{\circ}C$, 3 hr), and cell viability was assessed on DIV15 by Lactate Dehydrogenase Assay (LDH assays). PR Water-Extract showed a statistically significant effect on neuroprotection (10${\sim}$15% increase in viability; p<0.01) at 1.0 and 2.5 ${\mu}g/ml$ in normoxia and hypoxia. Measurement of ROS production by $H_2DCF-DA$ stainings showed that PR Water-Extract efficiently reduced the number and intensity of ROS-producing neurons, especially at 1 hr post shock and DIV15. When MMP was measured by JC-1 stainings, PR Water-Extract efficiently maintained high-energy charged mitochondria. These results indicate that PR Water-Extract protects neurons in hypoxia by preventing ROS production and preserving the cellular energy level.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.26-33
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• 2017

The behavior on the solvent extraction of heavy rare earths (HRE) by using PC88A was confirmed to demonstrate the possibility of recovery on the HRE from industrial wastewater, which consist of low concentration rare earth. We verified the extraction behavior of the HRE through a change of equilibrium pH, extractant concentration and A/O ratio, and also confirmed the stripping behavior depending on the type of mineral acids. At equilibrium pH 1.0, extraction of rare earth (RE) was completed from 95% to 100%. In all extraction conditions, it tend to be extracted in order of high atomic number. When A/O ratio was 10/1, Yb and Tm were concentrated at the maximum and increased 6-fold and 3-fold compared to initial concentration, respectively. To confirm the stripping behavior of the RE, three mineral acids were applied to the organic phase and consequently rate of stripping was increased in order of $HNO_3$, $H_2SO_4$ and HCl.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.15 no.1 s.61
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• pp.1-14
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• 2000

ATM PON 기반의 FTTH 광 정합 망은 향후 가장 효과적이고 경제적인 망이 될 것이므로 FTTC 망을 비용 경제적인 망으로 구현하기 위해서 광 액세스 시스템(ONU)을 최대한 저가격이고 소형이며 저전력을 소모하는 시스템으로 설계할 필요가 있다. 본 연구의 ONU는 FTTC/FTTH 기반의 155Mb/s(OC-3/STM-1) 및 622Mb/s(OC-12/STM-4) 속도의 ATM-PON 광 정합을 위한 광 액세스 시스템이다. 본 고에서는 유니버설 가입자 정합을 통하여 가입자에게 일반 및 공중전화, N-ISDN, 고속 인터넷 접속, 고속 멀티미디어 서비스 등의 다양한 서비스를 제공하기 위한 비용 효과적이고 소형이며 저전력을 소모하는 ONU 설계 및 구현방안을 기술하였다.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.11b
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• pp.17-20
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• 2000

We have enhanced the yield of 0.25 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ T-gate $Al_{0.25}$G $a_{0.75}$As/I $n_{0.2}$G $a_{0.8}$As P-HEMT using three-layer E-beam lithography process and selective etching process. The three-layer resist structure (PMMA/copolymer/ PMMA=2000 $\AA$/3000 $\AA$/2000 $\AA$) and three developers (Benzene：IPA=1：1,Methanol：IPA =1：1,MIBK：IPA=1：3) were used for fabrication of a wide-head T-gate by the conventional double E-beam exposure technology. Also 1 wt% citric acid： $H_2O$$_2$：N $H_{4}$OH(200m1：4ml：2.2ml) solution were used for uniform gate recess. The etching selectivity of GaAs over $Al_{0.25}$G $a_{0.75}$As is measured to be 80. So these P-HEMT processes can be used in X-band MMIC LNA fabrication.ion.ion.ion.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.285-294
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• 2005

The objective of this study was to evaluate the physico-chemical properties and flavor compounds of sausages with various levels and molecular weight (MWs) of chitosans, during storage at $4^{\circ}C$. Various MWs (Low: 1.5 kDa; Medium: $30{\sim}50$ kDa; High: 200 kDa) and two levels (0.3 and $0.6\%$) of chiosans were dissolved and measured the viscosity at $4^{\circ}C$, pH values were not affected (p>0.05) by either MWs or levels of chitosans. The addition or high MWs or chitosan into the pork salt soluble protein (SSP) increased the viscosity, whereas no differences were observed in low and medium MWs of chitosan. Textural profile analysis (TPA) was affected by the addition of medium or high MWs of chitosan. As a result, the addition of medium of chitosan increased the hardness, gumminess, chewiness, cohesiveness and springiness values, whereas increased level of chitosan didn't affect TPA values, except few cases. Approximately twenty-nine flavor compounds were identified in the low-fat and regular-fat sausages, however the addition of chitosans didn't impair the flavor composition of the sausages, These results indicated that the addition of chitosans didn't affect the flavor profiles, but affected the textural properties in the sausages, especially MWs higher than 30 kDa.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.213-221
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• 2008

Objective: To evaluate predictor of IVF outcomes following single embryo transfer in patients with decreased ovarian reserve. Methods: A retrospective review was performed in 919 IVF cycles with elevated basal serum FSH (${\geq}12\;mIU/mL$), the number of retrieved oocytes ${\geq}4$ and serum $E_2$ concentration on hCG day <500 pg/ml between Jan. 1996 and Dec. 2006. Two hundred thirty five IVF cycles following single embryo transfer were included. Pregnancy rates and live birth rates was evaluated according to maternal age, serum $E_2$ on hCG day, basal FSH level, the number of blastomere on day 3 ET, stimulation protocol, the number of cycles of ET. Statistical analysis was used SPSS 12.0 program. Results: OPU cancellation rates were 25.6% (235 cycles), OPU failure rates were 18.5% (170 cycles), embryo transfer cancellation rates were 14.0% (129 cycles). Pregnancy rates following single embryo transfer was 8.1% (19 cycles) and live birth rates was 4.7% (11 cycles). Pregnancy rates and live birth rates of women under 35 years old was statistically higher than those of women above 35 years old (20% vs. 3.5% (p<0.0001), 12.3% vs. 1.8%, (p=0.002)). There was no difference in basal FSH, serum $E_2$ on hCG day, and the number of blastomere on ET, and stimulation protocol. Cumulative pregnancy rates according to the number of cycles of ET were $1^{st}$ 8.1%, $2^{nd}$ 9.2%, $3^{rd}$ 9.7%, $4^{th}$ 9.0%, and $5^{th}$ 9.5%. Conclusion: Pregnancy rates and live birth rates of IVF-ET cycles following single embryo transfer in patients with decreased ovarian reserve are statistically increased in women under 35 yrs old. There is no difference in cumulative pregnancy rates. These data may be helpful for counseling women with decreased ovarian reserve in attempting IVF with their own eggs or when choosing donor oocytes.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.10c
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• pp.479-481
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• 2006

This paper describes a 2.5V, 320MHz low-noise and low-power Phase Locked Loop(PLL) using a noise-rejected Voltage Controlled ring Oscillator(VCO) fabricated in a TSMC 0.25um CMOS technology. In order to improve the power consumption and oscillation frequency of the PLL, The VCO consist of three-stage fully differential delay cells that can obtain the characteristic of high speed, low power and low phase noise. The VCO operates at 7MHz -670MHz. The oscillator consumes l.58mA from a 320MHz frequency and 2.5V supply. When the PLL with fully-differential ring VCO is locked 320MHz, the jitter and phase noise measured 26ps (rms), 157ps (p-p) and -97.09dB at 100kHz offset. We introduce and analysis the conditions in which ring VCO can oscillate for low-power operation.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2001.07d
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• pp.2613-2615
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• 2001

청각시스템의 저전력 및 가격의 저렴화를 위해 달팽이관의 BM(Basilar Membrain)모델을 아날로그 VLSI 마이크로 파워 공정으로 구현하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 소리의 주파수 정보 추출기능을 하는 직렬 연결된 트리구조(TSBF : Tree-structured Cascaded Bandpass Filter)의 16채널의 아날로그 중간대역통과 필터회로를 CMOS VLSI 공정을 이용하여 설계하였다. 특히 큰 입력 신호에 대해서도 파형왜곡 없이 선형적인 특성을 가지는 트랜스 컨턱터를 이용하여 필터를 구현하였다. 필터는 저대역통과필터와 출력이득의 감쇄를 줄이기 위해서 중간대역통과필터를 이용하여 전체 시스템을 설계했다. 본 논문에서 기존의 150mVp-p 입력신호 범위의 트랜스 컨턱터를 Substrate 입력을 가지는 트랜스 컨턱터를 이용하여 입력신호 범위를 1Vp-p 까지 늘였다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.553-559
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• 1998

Introduction: The most dramatic application of hypothermia in cardiac surgery is in deep hypothermic circulatory arrest(DHCA). Because man in natural circumstances is never exposed to this extreme hypothermic condition, one of the controversial aspects of clinical hypothermia is appropriate acid-base management($\alpha$-stat versus pH-stat). This study aims to compare $\alpha$-stat with pH-stat for: (1) brain cooling and re-warming speed during hypothermia induction and re-warming by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB); (2) cerebral perfusion, metabolism, and their coupling; and (3) the extent of development of cerebral edema after circulatory arrest, in young pigs. Materials & Methods: Fourteen young pigs were assigned to one of two strategies of gas manipulation. Cerebral blood flow was measured with a cerebral venous outflow technique. After a median sternotomy, CPB was established. Core cooling was initiated and continued until nasopHaryngeal temperature fell below $20^{\circ}C$. The flow rate was set at 2,500 ml/min. Once their temperatures were below $20^{\circ}C$, the animals were subjected to DHCA for 40 mins. During cooling, acid-base balance was maintained according to either $\alpha$-STAT or pH-STAT strategies. After DHCA, the body was re-warmed to normal body temperature. The animals were then sacrificed, and their brains measured for edema. Cerebral perfusion and metabolism were measured before the onset of CPB, before cooling, before DHCA, 15 mins after re-warming, and upon completion of re-warming. Results & Conclusion: Cooling time was significantly shorter with $\alpha$-stat than with pH-stat strategy, while there were no significant differences in rewarming time between the two groups. Nosignificant differences were found in cerebral blood flow, metabolic rate, or flow/ metabolic rate ratio between two groups. Temperature-related differences were significant in cerebral blood flow, metabolic rate, and flow/metabolic rate ratio within each group. Brain water content showed no significant differences between two groups.