• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.286-290
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• 2010

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity and production optimization of ovotransferrin hydrolysates were studied. Ovotransferrin was hydrolyzed by several enzymes (protamex, alcalase, trypsin, pepsin, neutrase, and flavorzyme) and acid (0.03 N HCl). Ovotransferrin hydrolysate reduced ACE activity by 60.2%, 55.8%, and 42.6% when treated with trypsin, acid, and pepsin, respectively. Trypsin was selected for production of peptide having maximum AC inhibitory effect, which was greatest with 7 h hydrolysis. Central composite design determined that optimum composition of ACE inhibitory substances using substrate concentration of 20-35%, temperature of $35-55^{\circ}C$, and pH of 6.0-8.0. The optimum composition was 1% trypsin, substrate concentration of 26.32%, $51.29^{\circ}C$, and pH 6.32. Under this conditions, a maximum ACE inhibitory effect of 69.1% was evident, similar to the predicted value.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.225-235
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• 2018

Phellinus gilvus is a medicinal mushroom used that has been used in folk medicine in Asian countries for centuries. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-xanthine oxidase, anti-cholinesterase, and anti-inflammatory activities of methanol (ME) and hot water (HW) extracts prepared from fruiting bodies of Ph. gilvus. ME and HW had good anti-xanthine oxidase (XO) activities compared to allopurinol, an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. ME showed comparable and slightly lower inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), respectively, than galanthamine, a standard AChE and BChE inhibitor. ME also showed a protective effect against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity at 40 mg/mL and 100 mg/mL in PC-12 cells. ME (0.5~2.0 mg/mL) significantly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Carrageenan-induced hind-paw edema in rats was significantly reduced 2~6 hr after treatment with 50 mg/kg of ME, which was comparable to administration of 5 mg/kg of indomethacin, the positive control. These results demonstrate that ME and HW of Ph. gilvus fruiting bodies possess good anti-xanthine oxidase, anti-cholinesterase, and anti-inflammatory activities.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.920-927
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• 2000

Angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitory activity of Kimchi added with salted-fermented fish products(SFFP), such as salted-fermented anchovy(SFA), salted-fermented anchovy sauce(SFAS), low salt-fermented anchovy sauce(LSFAS), salted-fermented small shrimp(SFS), low salt-fermented sandlance sauce(LSFSS) and their alternatives, such as oyster hydrolysate(OH), Alaska pollack hydrolysate(APH) and sea-staghorn extract(SSE) were studied during fermentation at $20^{\circ}C,\;10^{\circ}C\;and\;4^{\circ}C$. ACE inhibitory activities of Kimchi samples added with SFFP were increased until some fermentation period and then kept similarly constant levels at every fermentation temperature. Similar tendencies were occurred in amino nitrogen (AN) content. ACE inhibitory activities of Kimchi samples added with SFFP alternatives rapidly increased in 1st or 2nd day fermentation and then very slowly increased but AN contents showed roughly constant levels $(400{\sim}600\;mg/100\;g)$ in every fermentation temperature. Kimchi added with LSFAS had higher ACE inhibitory activity (>80%) with elevated level of AN (>600 mg/100 g) among the tested Kimchi samples. Kimchi samples added with SFFP alternatives also showed comparable activity to Kimchi added with SFFP This study shows that Kimchi added with SFFP and their alternatives is a good source as a functional food.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.41-47
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• 2002

감 과실(Diospyros kaki folium)은 아열대로부터 온대에 이르는 넓은 지역에서 재배되고 우리나라에서는 고래로부터 중요한 과실의 하나이다. 감은 예로부터 화상, 동상, 해독 및 지혈 등의 치료에 널리 이용되어져 왔으며 특히 곶감꼭지는 시체(枾滯)라 하여 달여서 먹으면 딸꾹질을 멎게 하는데 특효가 있다고 알려져 있다. $\ulcorner$본초비효$\lrcorner$ 에서는 생감을 깍아 말린 곶감은 숙혈을 없애고, 폐열, 혈토, 구역질, 장풍과 치질을 다스리는데 쓰인다고 하였다. 또한 감은 비타민 C의 함량이 많아 감을 먹으면 감기 예방에 좋다고 알려져 왔으며 주로 생식용으로 이용되어져 왔으나 최근 감을 이용한 다양한 가공제품 및 새로운 기능성 식품의 개발을 위한 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 감의 국내 총 생산량의 약60% 이상이 영남 지방에서 집중되어 재배 생산되고 잇으며 감과실의 비중은 다른 어느 지방보다 크다고 하겠다. 감은 단감과 떫은감이 있는데 단감은 주로 생과로 이용되고 있으며 떫은감은 떫은 맛을 가지기 때문에 생과로서 이용하는데 어려움이 있다. 상주는 백미, 누애고치, 곶감 등 희게 보이는 특산물이 유명한 삼백(三白)의 고장으로 미곡 생산량 전국 9위, 떫은감 2위, 곶감은 저눅 1위, 배는 2위, 사과 5위, 포도 4위를 점유하는 농업의 비중이 매우 높은 지역으로 농산물 시장 개방 확대와 과잉생산에 따른 가격하락의 피해를 예상된다. 종래 곶감의 위생적 문제점을 보완하고 공장 규모로 생산된, 품질이 규격화되고 유통기한이 설정된 고품질 전통 곶감의 제조 및 이에 따른 기술개발이 시급히 요구된다.idin C-1-3'-3" -3/'S _0-trigallate 즉, gallate가 붙은 호합물에서100rM의 농도에서 66%와 63%의 강한 저해효과를 나타났다. Tyrosinase 저해활성을 측정한 결과는pocyanidin C-1-3'-3" -3.'S _0-trigallate는 100rM에서 70%의 강한 저해효과를 나타냈으며,epigallocatechin-(4$\beta$$\longrightarrow$8)-epigallo-catechin-(4$\beta$$\longrightarrow$8)-catechin는 51%의 저해효과를 나타내었다. 산업적응용을 위해 분획한 폴리페놀군은 미백효과 검증실험인 tyrosinase 저해율 측정평가에서 폴리페놀 함량이 가장 높은 Fraction 111의 경우 Sooppm에서 74.2%의 높은 저해율을 나타내었다. 항산화력 실험에서는500pw1이상에서 강한 활성능을 보인 SOD 유사활성능을 제외한 나머지 DPPH와 xanthine oxidase 저해효과에서는 Fraction II와III 모두가50ppm이상에서 80% 이상의 높은 유리라디칼 소거능력을 나타내었다. 그리고 각 Fraction별 항균력 측정 결과 Fraction 르와 111이 우수하게 나타났고 항균활성은 그람음성균보다 그람양성균에서 효과적이었으며, 농도별 항균력시험 결과 농도가 증가할수록 비례하여 저해율도 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 첨가농도를 달리하여 미생물의 생육도를 측정한 결과, fraction II磎꼭\ulcorner경우 그람양성균에 대해 500 ppm 이상에서 뚜렷한 증식억제효과를 나타내었다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.105-110
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• 1999

Acetobacter sp. were isolated from persimmon vinegar. We studied about conditions of Aloe vinegar fermentation by an isolated strain and inhibitory effect against lipase activity. Strains DS-118 was strictly aerobic, motile, gram negative, non-spore-forming and short rod shaped. It reacted positively in catalase test, was oxidase test negative, was ureas negative, was produced acetic acid from alcohol. On the basis of these results, it was identified as a strain of Acetobacter sp. In the preparation of Aloe vinegar, optimun initial alcohol concentration, acidity, and fermentation temperature were 10%, $3{\sim}4%$ and $25^{\circ}C$, respectively. The major organic acid in Aloe vinegar was acetic acid (12%), but malic acid and ${\delta}-galactronic$ acid were also present in trace. The Aloe vinegar(acidity : 12%) inhibited lipase activity and it's $IC_{50}$ was 43%.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.116-122
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• 1999

In order to characterize the property of $Ca^{2+}$ transport in plant cell, microsomes were prepared from the roots of tomato and microsomal $^{45}Ca^{2+}$ uptake was measured. When 1 mM vanadate, a selective inhibitor of P-type ATPases, 50 mM $NO_3^-$, a specific inhibitor of vacuolar $H^{+}-ATPase$, and both of these inhibitors were treated, the microsomal $^{45}Ca^{2+}$ uptakes were inhibited by 20, 33 and 47%, respectively. The inhibitory effects of these two inhibitors were investigated by using a protonophore, gramicidin. When the chemical gradient of $H^{+}$ was relieved by gramicidin, the uptake was decreased by 30%, implying the presence of $Ca^{2+}/H^+$ antiporter in the microsomal membrane. In the $^{45}Ca^{2+}$ uptake experiment, the effect of gramicidin was independent of vanadate-induced inhibition. However, when the activity of vacuolar $H^{+}-ATPase$ was inhibited by $NO_3^-$, the effect of gramicidin was severely decreased. Meanwhile, thapsigargin, a specific antagonist of ER/SR-type $Ca^{2+}-ATPase$, inhibited the microsomal $^{45}Ca^{2+}$ uptake and the maximum inhibitory effect was obtained at $10\;{\mu}M$. The effect of thapsigargin was blocked by $NO_3^-$ and gramicidin, but not by vanadate. These results imply that vanadate directly inhibits the activity of $Ca^{2+}-ATPase$; however, $NO_3^-$ and thapsigargin block the activity of $Ca^{2+}/H^+$ antiporter by inhibiting the vacuolar $H^{+}-ATPase$. In conclusion, the microsomal $^{45}Ca^{2+}$ uptakes are mediated by two major enzymes, $Ca^{2+}-ATPase$ and $Ca^{2+}/H^+$ antiporter in tomato root tissue.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.203-208
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• 2007

To develop a new whitening agent for cosmetics from natural products, Pimpinella brachcarpa was selected for its inhibitory effect on melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells. Crude ethanolic extract of P. brachycarpa and its four fractions-hexane, ethyl acetate(EtOAc), butanol and aqueous were evaluated for antioxidative effects and tyrosinase inhibitory activity. To elucidate the mechanism of active compounds of P. brachycarpa, we investigated the changes in protein level of tyrosinase, TRP-1 and TRP-2 using Western blotting and the changes in mRNA level of tyrosinase using RT-PCR technique. Following UV irradiation, expression of ET-1 in HaCaT keratinocytes was measured by quantitative enzyme immunoassay(EIA) using human ET-1 antibody. Crude ethanolic extract of P. brachycarpa and its four fractions-hexane, EtOAc, butanol and aqueous had free radical scavenging effect by 87.2, 2.5, 97.2, 80.5, 49.8% at 100 ${\mu}g/mL$ and tyrosinase inhibitory effect by 18.3, 15.1, 55.4, 13.1, 0 % at 100 ${\mu}g/mL$. P. brachycarpa EtOAc fraction significantly inhibited melanin production in B16 melanoma cells. Treatment with P. brachycarpa extract for 72 h suppressed the biosynthesis of melanin up to 58 % at 100 ${\mu}g/mL$. Especially, the EtOAc fraction of P. brachycarpa reduced the tyrosinase activity and tyrosinase expression in B16 melanoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. mRNA levels of tyrosinase and TRP-1 were markedly reduced by the EtOAc fraction of P. brachycarpa. Moreover, at the concentrations of $12.5{\sim}50{\mu}g/mL$ of the fraction, the production of UV-induced ET-1 in HaCaT keratinocytes(24 h after 8 $mJ/cm^2$ UVB irradiation) was reduced about 40%(p<0.05). P. brachycarpa could be used as a new natural skin-whitening agent due to the inhibitory effect of on melanin biosynthesis and endothelin-1 expression.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.154-161
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• 2010

The solvent extracts of Prunus persica Flos were investigated for the activities of whitening and anti-wrinkle effects to apply as a functional ingredient for cosmetic products. The tyrosinase inhibitory effect, which is related to skin-whitening, was 54.0, 58.3% in P. persica Flos (PPW, PPE) at 1,000 ppm. In addition, the ethanol extract of P. persica Flos (PPE) showed a potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity in the test using melanoma cell lines resulting in 40.0% inhibition at 100ppm. Furthermore, the aqueous acetone extract from the flower of P. persica Flos was found to inhibit elastase, which was more effective than ascorbic acid at 1,000 ppm. The inhibition of melanin synthesis by P. persica Flos extract (PPE) was about 56.5% at 100 ppm concentration. When compared to other extraction methods, the ethanol extract showed more potent whitening activity. For anti-wrinkle effect, the elastase inhibition activity of P. persica Flos extract (PPA) was 57.0% and higher than that of ascorbic acid at 1,000 ppm. The collagenase inhibition activity of P. persica Flos extract (PPA) was about 48.0% at 1,000 ppm. Collagen synthesis in fibroblast cell by P. persica Flos extracts (PPA) was about 41.0% at 100 ppm and its acetone extract was the best showing antiwrinkle activities. All these findings suggested that P. persica Flos has a great potential as a cosmeceutical ingredient with a whitening and anti-wrinkle effect.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.208-214
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• 2012

Chaff-vinegar is known for having a variety of useful purposes in the fields of health and lifestyles. In a previous study we isolated and identified the active fractions of the polyphenol compound 7 species as a potential biomaterial for cosmeceuticals. To further test for its potential use as a functional material, we carried out an MTT assay, collagenase inhibition assay, elastase inhibition assay, tyrosinase inhibition assay, DPPH free radical scavenging assay, SOD-like activity assay and a xanthine oxidase inhibition assay. Chaff-vinegar exhibited potent collagenase and elastase inhibitory activities in a concentration dependent manner, indicating that the agent has the potential to alleviate the skin wrinkling process. Chaff-vinegar also showed 80% tyrosinase inhibition at a concentration of $100{\mu}L/mL$. DPPH radical scavenging, xanthine oxidase inhibition, and SOD-like activity results for each activity were 80%, 80%, and 100%, respectively. Taken together, the present study suggests that chaff-vinegar is a good candidate for use as an anti-wrinkling and/or whitening agent.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.64-71
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• 1996

This study was conducted to determine the physiological responses of corn plants to chlorsulfuron, CHL, (2-chloro-N-(((4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5- triazin-2-yl)amino)carboxyl) benzenesulfonamide) and/or imazaquin, IMA, (2-(4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2y1)-3-quinoline carboxylic acid). CHL inhibited the plant growth within 6h after treatment, whereas IMA inhibited the growth more slowly(i.e., 36h). CHL inhibited the cell division of the root tips rapidly, however, little effect was found with IMA treatment. Neither CHL nor IMA had effect on the cell elongation of the shoots. CHL inhibited acetolactate synthase(ALS) activity of the roots within 1h after treatment. Interaction between CHL and IMA in growth inhibition was found to be additive or synergistic with simultaneous or sequential treatment of the two herbicides, respectively. In addition, interaction between CHL and IMA in ALS inhibition was found to be additive when the two herbicides were treated simultaneously.