• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.1271-1277
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• 2008

We investigated to determine the inhibitory effects of solvent extracts from dried onion on growth of cancer cell lines (HT-1080 human fibrosarcoma and HT-29 human colon cancer cells) and $H_{2}O_{2}$-induced oxidative stress. Two different drying methods, low temperature vacuum dryer and freeze dryer, were employed to dry onion. Inhibitory effects of acetone with methylene chloride (A+M) and methanol (MeOH) extracts from onion by two drying methods on the growth of HT-1080 and HT-29 cancer cells increased in a dose dependent manner (p<0.05) and the higher inhibitory effect was shown in onion extracts dried by low temperature vacuum dryer. The treatments of hexane, 85% aq. methanol, butanol and water fractions significantly inhibited the growth of both cancer cells (p<0.05) and onion fractions dried by freeze dryer showed a higher inhibitory effect compared with those dried by low temperature vacuum dryer. In order to determine a protective effect on H2O2-induced oxidative stress, DCHF-DA (dichlorodihydrofluorescin diacetate) assay was conducted. All fractions including crude extracts of dried onion appeared to significantly reduce the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) (p<0.05). Higher antioxidant effect was observed in onions dried by the low temperature vacuum dryer method. These results indicate that the low temperature vacuum dryer is useful to dry and produce onion powder.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.572-580
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• 2017

The contents of phenolic compounds in water and 40% ethanol extracts from Okkwang (Castanea crenata) chestnut bur solid (OCS) were $11.24{\mu}g/50{\mu}g$ solid and $10.28{\mu}g/50{\mu}g$ solid, respectively. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline- 6-sulfonic acid) radical decolorization activities of water and ethanol extracts were 85% and 100% as well as 87% and 86% at a solid content of $50{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The anti-oxidant protection factors (PFs) of water and ethanol extracts at a solid content of $200{\mu}g/mL$ were 1.22 PF and 1.45 PF, respectively. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance were 83% in water extract and 73% in ethanol extract at a solid content of $200{\mu}g/mL$. The inhibitory activities against xanthine oxidase in water and ethanol extracts were 54% and 43% at a solid content of $200{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The inhibitory activities against ${\alpha}$-glucosidase were 95% in water extract and 96% in ethanol extract at a solid content of $50{\mu}g/mL$. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity was 27% in ethanol extract at a solid content of $200{\mu}g/mL$. The collagenase and elastase inhibitory activities as anti-wrinkle effect were 93% and 11% in water extract as well as 94% and 56% in ethanol extract at a solid content of $200{\mu}g/mL$. Hyaluronidase inhibitory activity as anti-inflammatory effect of water and ethanol extracts were 96% and 52% at a solid content of $200{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The results show that extracts from OCS can be used as a functional resource with antioxidant, anti-gout, carbohydrate degradation inhibitory, whitening, anti-wrinkle, and anti-inflammatory activities.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.151-154
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• 2000

The effect of silkworm hemolymph on insect cell apoptosis was investigated. The addition of silkworm hemolymph into the culture medium either before or during the baculovirus infection increased the host cell longevity. Silkworm hemolymph also inhibits apoptosis induced by actinomycin D, the RNA synthesis inhibitor. In this study, a flow cytometry was used for the quantitative analysis of apoptosis inhibition by silkworm hemolymph.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.341-350
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• 1987

LHRH분비와 환denylate cyclase활성에 미치는 PGE2, Opioid, 그리고 Ca2+의 영향을 흰쥐의 시상하부 조직을 사용하여 조사하였다. K+(30mM)에 의한 LHR광분비촉진은 Ca2+의존적인데 반하여, PGE2에 의해 촉진되는 LHR노 분비는 세포의 Ca2+농도에 의존하지 않았다. PGE2에 의한 LHR기 분비와 CAMP합성은 PGE2농도(1$\times$10-7M-1$\times$10-4M)에 비례하여 촉진되었으며, $\beta$-endorphin (1x10-3M)은 PGEa에 의한 LHRH 분비촉진과 CAMP합성을 공히 억제하였다. 오피오이드 수용체의 길항제인 Naloxone(Ix10-"M)은 $\beta$-endorphin에 의한 저해효과를 극복시켜서, LHR광 분비와 CAMP합성은 각각 회복되었으나, CAMP합성은 부분적인 회복을 보인 반면에, LHRH분비는 PGE2에 의한 촉진효과보다도 더 활성화되었다. 결론적으로 LHRH분비에 미치는 오퍼오이드의 억제작용은 PGE2-cAMP의 세포내 전달과정을 저해함으로써 유발되는것으로 추정 된다.정 된다.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.392-399
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• 1998

Nitrogen fertilizers such as urea are readily hydrolyzed in soils to produce ammonium ions which pass through nitrification and denitrification processes. These serial processes have drawn attention due to nitrogen losses, eutrophication, blue baby syndrome, and ozone depletion problems. The purpose of this study was to test the inhibitory effects of hot-water extract and organic solvent fractions of Artemisia asiatica leaves on soil urea hydrolysis and nitrification. In addition, the effects of organic solvent fractions on urease activity and ureolytic bacterial population were also investigated. First, hot-water extract of Artemisia asiatica leaves inhibited soil nitrification substantially with a marginal stimulatory effect on soil urea hydrolysis. Soils treated with hot-water extract of Artemisia asiatica leaves showed significant decreases in the accumulation of soil $NO_3-N$ (~68% decrease) compared with the control soil without the treatment of hot-water extract. In contrast, $CHCl_3$/MeOH fraction and basic aqueous layer of Artemisia asiatica leaves inhibited soil urea hydrolysis very strongly, causing 5.8 and 4.3-fold higher accumulation in amounts of remaining urea-N compared with the non-treated soil. Meanwhile, non of the organic solvent fractions showed any significant effects on soil nitrification inhibition. The inhibition of ureolytic bacterial activity by $CHCl_3$/MeOH fraction and aqueous basic layer of Artemisia asiatica leaves without any effects on urease activity itself led us to conclude that the inhibitions of soil urea hydrolysis were caused by the antagonistic effects on ureolytic bacterial activity.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.1051-1058
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• 2005

This experiment was carried out to investigate the biological function of Lycium chinence Miller yogurt. Antioxidant activity was higher in methanol extract yogurt than in water extract yogurt. The antioxidant activity was shown at 83.9% in Lycii folium extract yogurt, 47.0% in Lycii fructus extract yogurt and 54.0% in Lycii cortex extract yogurt. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor activity was shown highly both in water extract and methanol extracts from the Lycii folium. The $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitor activity was shown at the 4.0% concentration of Lycii folium extract yogurt, Lycii fructus extract yogurt and Lycii cortex extract. In an orally administrated rat, normal yogurt, Lycii fructus extract yogurt and Lycii cortex extract yogurt have no effect on blood cholesterol content. IgG production in blood is more increased in Lycii cortex extract yogurt than in normal yogurt and Lycii fructus extract yogurt.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.164-172
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• 2001

The angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors from laver hydrolysate was isolated. Among the 13 kinds of proteases, Maxazyme NNP was most effective for preparing the high ACE inhibitory compound. In extraction conditions of ACE inhibitory peptide from laver hydrolysate, ACE inhibitory activity of hydrolysate treated with diethylether for decolorization and that of $70\%$ ethanol soluble fraction among the different ethanol concentrations were higher than other preparations. Low molecular fraction less than 3,000 dalton of layer hydrolysate separated by ultrafiltration had the highest ACE inhibitory activity, for further separation of ACE inhibitory peptide from laver hydrolysate, gel filtration chromatography (Sephadex G-25), reverse-phase HPLC (ODS & Vydac C-18) and gel permeation chromatography (Superdex Peptide HR) were performed. The molecular mass of the ACE inhibitory peptide fractions of gel permeation chromatography determined by electrospray-mass spectrometer were 413.48 (S1O2V2V1P),346.86 (S1O2V2V2P) and 320.32 (S2O6V3V1P) dalton and their amino acid sequence were Val-Gln-Gly-Asn, Thr-Glu-Thr and Phe-Arg, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.389-394
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• 2007

The study was carried out to optimize the electron donating ability (EDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, nitrite scavenging ability, and the inhibitory activities of xanthine oxidase and tyrosinase of Ailanthus altissima ethanol extracts from roots, stems and leaves. The EDA of the roots and stem extracts were 64.04% and 63.27% at $1,000{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The SOD-like activity of the leaves extract was the highest (50.00%) at $1,000{\mu}g/mL$. The nitrite scavenging ability of the leaves extracts was over 98% at pH 1.2 and 3.0. The xanthine oxidase inhibitory rates of the extracts were $93.62%{\sim}95.40%$ and the tyrosinase inhibitory rate of the roots was the highest (62.01%) at the concentration of $1,000{\mu}g/mL$. These results indicated that the roots extract showed the highest EDA and tyrosinase inhibition, while the leaves extract had tile highest SOD-like activity and nitrate scavenging ability.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.238-243
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• 2005

This study was carried out to understand hyrolytic characteristics of $\beta-casein$ by enzyme in goat milk and to measure the inhibition effect of the ACE of the hydrolysate. In order to conduct the experiment, $\beta-casein$ of goat milk was separated using Mono S HR 5/5, a cation exchange column. The separated $\beta-casein$ was treated with trypsin of animal hydrolysis enzymes, in an effort to verify the characteristics of hydrolysis. The inhibition activity of ACE was measured and the results are as follows. By analyzing the hydrolysate separated from the trypsin-processed $\beta-casein$ of goat milk, the inhibition effect of the ACE was measured trypsin-hydrolyzed $\beta-casein$ demonstrated a $25.36\pm0.79\%$ of inhibition effect and the $IC_{50}$ of the hydrolysate from the trypsin-processed $\beta-casein$ reached $308.7\pm2.77({\mu}g/mL)$.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.1330-1338
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• 2012

Solvent extracts of Theobroma cacao L. (TCL) were investigated for anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects in order to consider TCL as a functional ingredient for cosmetic products. TCL(A) extract was fractioned according to polarity with $CHCl_3$, EtOAc, n-BuOH, and water. Following TCL(A) fractionation, the electron-donating ability of the n-BuOH and EtOAc solvent fractions (each 100 ${\mu}g/ml$) was about 76.2% and 53.9%, respectively. The superoxide anion radical inhibitory effect of the n-BuOH and EtOAc solvent fractions (each 50 ${\mu}g/ml$) was about 76.09% and 51.4%, respectively. Results of lipid oxidation showed that $Fe^{2+}$ had a greater chelating effect than $Cu^{2+}$. The $Fe^{2+}$ chelating effect of the EtOAc solvent fraction (50 ${\mu}g/ml$) was about 64%. Hyaluronidase inhibition related to the anti-inflammatory effect was 53.0% with EtOAc at 100 ${\mu}g/ml$, while the lipoxygenase inhibitory effect was about 51.32% at 10 ${\mu}g/ml$. The anti-inflammatory activity in the EtOAc fraction inhibited the generation of nitric oxide. Results also showed that iNOS protein expression increased in RAW264.7 cells. In contrast, at 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ EtOAc, iNOS and COX-2 protein expression significantly decreased in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.