• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.4A
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• pp.323-329
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• 2011

Most current design codes of concrete structures adopt the partial safety factor format to assure the proper safety margin or reliability against various limit states as a practical design tool. The safety factors, load and resistance factors and so on, are determined based on the theory of structural reliability, which takes into account the statistical uncertainties of both loads and resistances. The establishment of statistical models for load and resistance should be preceded the application of reliability theory. In this paper, especially the influence of the statistical variations of resistance models, which are described in terms of strength of concrete, strength of reinforcements and sectional dimensions and so on, are examined and the probabilistic models for resistance of reinforced concrete members were developed. The statistical data were collected on local tests and experiments in Korea and the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) technique was used. The results of this paper may be useful and valuable in calibration of design code in this country.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.101-112
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the factors affecting innovation resistance and intention of use of social TV non-users focused on innovation diffusion theory and innovation resistance model. The results were as follows: First, compatibility among perceived innovation characteristics by social TV non-users influenced negatively on innovation resistance, and complexity among perceived innovation characteristics by social TV non-users influenced positively on innovation resistance. Second, perceived risk by social TV non-users influenced positively on innovation resistance. Third, compatibility among perceived innovation characteristics by social TV non-users influenced positively on social TV intention to use. And complexity among perceived innovation characteristics by social TV non-users influenced negatively on social TV intention to use. Fourth, perceived risk by social TV non-users influenced not significantly on social TV intention to use. Fifth, innovation resistance by social TV non-users influenced negatively on social TV intention to use.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.158-166
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• 2013

This study gave attention to the people who has resistance of the social media that tens to be the use as innovations. Therefore, this study examined the determinant factors of psychological resistance of the social media such as Twitter focused on students as none-users of social media. Total of 268 none-users participated in this study. The results were as follows. First, relative advantage influenced negatively on innovation resistance. Second, perceived complexity influenced significantly not on innovation resistance. Third, perceived risk influenced positively on innovation resistance. Therefore, social media related to social relationship should improve relative advantage, the other way, decrease perceived risk such as defamation and personal attack.

• Composites Research
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.205-210
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• 2012

The single carbon fiber tensile test was performed with electrical resistance measurement. Tensile property of single carbon fiber which accompanied by the relationship between the electric resistance and the strain was investigated. Since the collected data showed a linear relationship between them, the coefficient of fiber slip ratio (FSR) was obtained by computation. The fragmentation specimen (FS) was tested under tensile loading, and the single carbon fiber broke first due to the stress transferring form matrix to reinforcing fiber. The stress distribution of carbon fiber could be observed via the electrical resistance change. Slipping between carbon fiber and matrix was predicted based on the fragmentation test results, and the FSR was used to evaluate interfacial adhesion comparatively. The large FSR indicated poor interfacial bonding. Work of adhesion between carbon fiber and matrix was measured to verify the FSR method, and two results exhibited a consistent conclusion.

• 지역과문화
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.49-68
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• 2021

The pandemic of COVID-19 also affected performing arts business and stimulated 'Untact' performances, which means online streaming of the shows including real-time streaming. This study sought to examine factors to the consumers' acceptance. The research framework was based on the VAM, a revised model of TAM for the ICT products and services. For the research, consumer survey was conducted, where ndependent variables are perceived usefulness, pleasure, technicalty and innovation resistance, and dependent variables are percieved value and acceptance. Smart PLS was used to test the hypothesis. The result shows that the significant factors were percieved usefulness(+), pleasure(+) and innovation resistance(-). The percieved technicalty was not significant, the major reason would be that the digital devices and the internet technology are percieved a commodity these days in Korea. Percieved value was significant factor to acceptance. This study is meaningful because it is about the new phenomenon of 'untact' performance through the VAM methodology and it examined the significant factors to the attitude from the perspective of benefits and costs. There is limit that this study didn't consider old peoples' attitude. It is the reason that the continuous researches are necessary.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.697-708
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• 1999

Background : Leukotriene (LT) $C_4$, $D_4$, and $E_4$, the main components of slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A), have been suggested to play an important role in bronchial asthma such as antigen-induced bronchoconstriction, airway hyperreactivity, and pulmonary eosinophil accumulation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of treatment with the cysteinyl-LTs (cys-LTs) antagonist, pranlukast on allergen-induced guinea pig asthma model. Methods : Guinea pigs of treatment and placebo groups were sensitized by subcutaneous injection of ovalbumin(OVA) and challenged by inhalation of aerosolized OVA (1% weight/volume OVA). Normal control group did not sensitize with OVA. Oral ingestion of pranlukast and normal saline to the treatment and placebo groups was performed. In the treatment and placebo groups, airway resistance was measured before and after oral ingestion. Serum $LTC_4$ and eosinophilic infiltration of the bronchiolar and peribronchiolar tissues were measured after ingestion in the treatment and placebo groups. Results : Allergen-induced airway constriction developed in 20 (8 in treatment group, 12 in placebo group) among 35 guinea pigs. Airway resistance was significantly decreased at 3 and 6 minutes after OVA challenge in the pranlukast treatment group. In the placebo group, there was no difference of airway resistance between before and after saline ingestion. Serum $LTC_4$ levels showed 348.4 pg/ml in the treatment group, 373.9 pg/ml in the placebo group, and 364.4 pg/ml in the control group. There were no statistically significant difference between treatment and placebo group (p=0.232), and treatment and control group (p=0.501). Eosinophilic infiltrations in the peribronchiolar region per one-microscopic field ($\times$400 high power fields) demonstrated 7.06 in the treatment group, 19.2 in the placebo group, and 4.50 in the control group. There was significant decrement of eosinophilic infiltration in the treatment group which was compared with placebo group (p=0.001). Conclusion : These results demonstrate that pranlukast, a cys-LTs receptor antagonist, can attenuate allergen induced early-phase bronchoconstriction and eosinophilic infiltration in the bronchiolar tissues.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.138-143
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• 2007

The relationships between three dimensional quantitative structure and activity relationships (3D-QSARs) for the selective fungicidal function between N-phenyl substituents of N-phenyl-O-phenyl-thionocarbamate derivatives analogues and their the fungicidal activities against resistant (RBC) and sensitive (SBC) gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) were studied quantitatively using CoMFA and CoMSIA methods. The statistical values of optimized CoMSIA (M7) model were better ($r^2$ & $q^2=CoMSIA{\gg}CoMFA$) than that of CoMFA (M5) model. And the factor influencing of the selective between the fungicidal activity against RBC and SBC was dependent on electrostatic field of CoMFA (M5) model. Therefore, it is predicted that, from the CoMSIA contour maps of CoMSIA (M7) model, the selectivity will be improved by the H-bond donor that is with negatively charged favored group at meta-position on the N-phenyl ring.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.447-460
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting consumer resistance of smart watches, focusing on consumer groups. SPSS 19.0 was used to conduct a descriptive analysis and multi regression analysis of the data. This study is based on the questionnaire data of 407 consumers. The results of this study are as follows. First, the relative advantage was identified as a factor in reducing consumer resistance across all gender and age groups. Second, complexity has been identified as a factor that increases the consumer resistance of female consumers, and consumer groups in their 20s and 40s. Third, esthetics was found to reduce consumer resistance in men, women, and the consumer group in their 20s. Fourth, subjective norms were identified as a factor reducing consumer resistance in women and in consumer groups in their 20s and 30s. Fifth, the risk of privacy was identified as a factor in increasing consumer resistance in men and the consumer group in their 40s. The results of this study can be helpful to understand consumer resistance to smartwatches.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.59-66
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• 2007

Three dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationships (3D-QSARs) on the fungicidal activity of N-phenyl-O-phenylthionocarbamate analogues against resistant and sensitive gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) (RBC & SBC) were studied quantitatively using CoMFA and CoMSIA methods. The correlation coefficient and predict- ability of optimized CoMFA model with the atom based fit alignment were better ($r^2$ & $q^2=CoMFA{\gg}CoMSIA$) than that of CoMSIA model. And statistical values of the models on the fungicidal activity against SBC were showed higher ($r^2=SBC{\gg}RBC$) than that of RBC. In CoMFA models, steric field on the activity was more influenced than electrostatic field. And in case of CoMSIA models, the influence of CoMSIA field on the activity against RBC and SBC was differ from each other but the influence of H-bond donor field was same to the two fungi. It is revealed that the selectivity factor with CoMFA model on the fungicidal activity between the two fungi was caused on the difference of steric field. Therefore, it is predicted that the large steric field with meta- and para-substituents on the N-phenyl ring will be improved to the fungicidal activity with SBC.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.641-649
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• 2001

It is proposed in this paper the practical load carrying capacity formula for web crippling in trapezoidal sheeting (deckplate). The parameter functions are derived by investigation of the major parameters influencing of load carrying capacity based on the existing theoretical research with experiment analogical interpretation model. The simple strength formula is proposed in analytic comparison of each parameters with the existing experimental data. From statistical evaluations due to Annex Z of Eurocode 3 the partial safety resistance factors ${\gamma}_M$ are calculated and compared with the target value of 1.1.