• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.32 no.6
• /
• pp.49-59
• /
• 2016

We develop liquefaction resistance curves, which represent the correlation between cyclic resistance ratio (CRR) and number of cycles (N) to estimate the build-up of residual excess pore pressure from simple shear tests performed for this study and also from published literature. The liquefaction curve is calculated from two models. The comparisons show that one of the models is not reliable because it underestimates CRR. The scatter of the data is shown to be significantly reduced when CRR is normalized to the resistance ratio at N = 15 ($CRR_{N=15}$). Use of the normalization is particularly useful because CRR can be easily estimated from field tests. From normalization, we propose mean, upper, and lower curves. The corresponding design equation and its parameters are also proposed. We believe that the proposed curves can be used for effective stress site response analyses and evaluation of the seismic performance of port structures.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.225-234
• /
• 1998

This study was compared the degree of consolidation by Hyperbolic, Curve fitting, Asaoka's, Monden's methods using measured value with theoretical curve in consideration of smear effect and well resistance. The results of the study were summarized as follows ; 1. The degree of consolidation by Hyperbolic method was underestimated than the degree of consolidation by Curve fitting, Asaoka's, and Monden's methods. 2. Typical range of horizontal coefficient of consolidation was $C_h=(2{\sim}3)C_v$ in the case considering smear effect and well resistance, and $C_h=(0.5{\sim}2.5)C_v$ in the case disregarding smear effect and well resistance. 3. The degree of consolidation obtained by ground settlement monitoring was nearly same value when the coefficient of permeability of smear zone by back analysis was shown the half that of in-situ and the diameter of smear zone was shown double that of mendrel. 4. Increasing of diameter reduction ratio of drain, the time of consoildation was delayed. The affection of well resistance the case of small coefficient of permeability was much more than that in the case of large coefficient of permeability. It was recommended that design of diameter reduction of drain consider smear effect and well resistance.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.28 no.4C
• /
• pp.231-238
• /
• 2008

A column testing device capable of measuring the electrical resistivity of soil at 3 different locations was developed to verify applicability of bulk electrical conductivity (BEC) breakthrough curves in monitoring contaminant transport. Tracer injection tests were conducted with three different types of saturated sands to obtain average linear velocities and longitudinal hydrodynamic dispersion coefficients based on BEC breakthrough curves and effluent solute breakthrough curves. Comparative analysis of transport parameters obtained from curve fitting the results into the analytical solutions confirmed the validity of resistance measurements in estimating time-continuous resident solute concentration. Under the assumption that a linear relationship exists between ${\sigma}_{sat}-{\sigma}_w-C$, the BEC breakthrough curves are able to effectively reduce the laborious and time-consuming processes involved in the conventional method of sampling and analysis. In order to reduce possible uncertainties in analyzing the BEC breakthrough curves, it was recommended that resistance measurements take place nearby the effluent boundary. In addition, a sufficient electrical contrast or difference in the electrical conductivity of the influent and the saturating solution is required to conduct reliable analysis.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
• /
• v.13 no.6
• /
• pp.568-574
• /
• 2001

From measured responses of concrete three-point bend tests, the average values of the responses have been calculated. The fracture behavior of continuously propagating concrete crack has been analyzed from the average responses. The experimental parameters of this study were the initial notch sizes of 25.4㎜ and 6.4 ㎜ and the processing times of 2,000 sec. and 20 sec . The different notch sizes were used for the effects of the size of fracture process zone and specimen geometry, and the processing times for those of initial creep. However the load-point displacement rate in this study did not affect the experimental responses seriously. The average loads were calculated from the average external work of a series of tests, and average crack lengths were determined by using strain gages. Before the peak load, the resistance curve could be determined from the size of fracture process zone, but unstable crack propagation of 88㎜ occurred at the load-point displacement of 0.088∼0.154㎜ after the peak load. The average fracture energy density G$\_$F/$\^$ave/ = 115 N/m occurred during the unstable crack propagation. The fracture process zones were fully developed at the crack length of 111㎜, and the sizes of fracture process zone for initial notches of 25.4㎜ and 6.4㎜ were 86㎜ and 105㎜, respectively. Average fracture energy densities of the resistance curves after full development of fracture process zone were 229 N/m for the initial notch of 25.4㎜ and 284 N/m for 6.4㎜. The values were more than twice of G$\_$F/$\^$ave/.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
• /
• v.5 no.9
• /
• pp.2388-2394
• /
• 1998

Methods of enerating curves through a polygon are proposed. One is minimizing the sum of second order discontinuities of curve segments shile satisfying the first order continuities. The other is minimizint the energy consumption under the viscosity resistance while satisfying the first order continuities.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
• /
• v.4 no.4
• /
• pp.340-346
• /
• 1994

Change in the electrical resistance of artificial superlattice under two magnetic fields-the main and the secondary magnetic field-has been studied with respect to each magnetic field strength in (200) textured Co/Cu artificial superlattice. When the two magnetic fields were applied in the same direction, lateral shift of the magnetoresistance curve occurred, while splitting phenomenon of the maximum resistance appeared when the two magnetic fields were applied at the right angle. When the angle between the two magnetic fields became $45^{\circ}$ shifting as well as splitting occurred in the magnetoresistance curve. This magnetoresistance behavior with double magnetic fields in the artificial superlattices could be explained with the macroscopic spin alignment model newly suggested in this work.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
• /
• 1995.05b
• /
• pp.681-687
• /
• 1995

316LN 스테인레스강의 예민화 특성에 미치는 합금성분의 영향을 분석하기 위해 4종류의 다른 조성을 갖는 합금을 제조하여 Oxalic 시험, Modified Strauss 시험 그리고 DL-EPR 시험을 수행하여 각 시험조건에서의 예민화 특성을 관찰하였다. 실험결과, 짙소 첨가는 예민화 저항성을 증가시키나 그 정도는 미약하여, 0.16 % 질소 첨가강의 예민화 곡선에서 꼭지점은 75$0^{\circ}C$, 3 시간에 위치하였다. 반면, Ti과 B 첨가는 316LN강의 예민화 거동에 매우 큰 영향을 미치며, 0.03 % Ti 및 0.0036 % B 첨가강의 예민화 곡선에서 꼭지점은 14 시간까지 나타나지 않았다. Effective Cr량과 예민화 저항성과의 관계를 경험적으로 표현한 여러가지 관계식에 4종류의 스테인레스 강을 적용시켜 본 결과 기존의 식으로는 Ti 및 B 첨가강에서 발생한 현저한 예민화 저항성 증가를 선명할 수가 없었다. Ti과 B의 성분을 고려한 새로운 관계식이 제안되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 전기의세계
• /
• v.9
• /
• pp.36-39
• /
• 1962

직류기정류이론은 Arnold, Langsdorf등에 의하여 연구되어 왔으며, 이들은 정류방정식에서 정류주기중의 전류의 시간적변화와 정류주기종단에서 전류의 시간적 변화율의 값에 의하여 spark 발생여부를 판별하여 정류량부를 판별하였다. 본 논문은 상기한 방법과는 달리 정류의 기본방정식에서 정류곡선의 일반식을 구하고 정류곡선을 해석하여 정류양부를 판별하는 것이며, 정류주기중에 있는 단종선론의 coil저항과 연접한 극(pole)아래의 Brush에 의한 단각전류의 상호유도작용까지도 고려하였을때의 정류곡선의 일반식을 구하고 이를 해석하여 Langsdorf에 의하여 연구된 정류판별의 결과를 비교하여 정류판별에 대한 차이점과 명확한 결론을 제시코저 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.165-170
• /
• 2014

The resistance to motion of the Korean next-generation high-speed train (HEUM-430X) was assessed on the basis of 12 coasting test runs at coasting speeds up to approximately 380km/h. Two different methods, a linear regression method and a time-integral method, were employed to calculate decelerations from the time-velocity data and the time-distance data, respectively, and an equation of resistance to motion was devised from the deceleration data calculated at each time section. The effect of an improvement of the aerodynamic shape on the resistance to motion was investigated, with the results showing that the running resistance was reduced by about 15% due to these improvements. An increase of approximately 28% of the running resistance was also noted when running in a tunnel relative to running through an open field.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.36 no.9
• /
• pp.21-32
• /
• 2020

In this study, series of cyclic triaxial tests and shear velocity measurement were conducted using Pohang sand, which was taken from liquefaction observed area, to verify the liquefaction characteristics of Pohang. The cyclic resistance ratio(CRR) was derived based on the test results. A specimen was reconstituted into 40% and 80% relative density conditions and then a series of cyclic triaxial tests and shear-wave velocity measurement were conducted. As a result, the effect of particle distribution and relative density to liquefaction resistance was verified. The liquefaction resistance of Pohang sand was evaluated by comparing with other liquefaction resistance of sands from previous research. In addition, the liquefaction resistance curve from field observation data was used to verify the reliability of results from this study by measured shear-wave velocity.