• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.199-205
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• 2020

Cryopreservation of semen is useful for animal breeding via artificial insemination (AI). However, the use of frozen-thawed boar semen is limited due to cryodamage. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different concentrations of MitoTEMPO (a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant) in lactose-egg yolk (LEY) extenders on kinetic characteristics of frozen-thawed boar sperms. Semen samples were collected from mature Duroc boars (2~3 years old) and cryopreserved in LEY extenders containing 0, 0.5, 5, 50, and 500 μM MitoTEMPO. The kinetic characteristics of frozen-thawed sperms were determined 0 and 30 min after thawing using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA). Results indicated that sperm motility immediately after thawing was significantly higher with 5 and 50 μM (50.46±2.71% and 46.96±2.66%, respectively) than with 500 μM MitoTEMPO (35.40±2.95%) (P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in other kinetic characteristics except motility. In conclusion, the addition of MitoTEMPO to the sperm freezing extender may have a beneficial effect on motility of post-thawed boar semen.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.427-436
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• 1999

Preservation of the remaining periodontal ligament cells on an avulsed tooth is very important to the successful outcome of replantation. HBSS is recommended as the most suitable storage medium for the avulsed tooth that cannot be replanted immediately. But their availability near the site of an accident is doubtful. The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare periodontal ligament cells stored in different storage media obtained easily on the spot. Human periodontal ligament cells were collected from the premolar teeth extracted for orthodontic treatment. Cells were cultured in ${\alpha}-MEM$ culture medium containing 20% FBS, at $37^{\circ}C$ 100% humidity, in a 5% $CO_2$ incubator. Cells were cultured in 96 well culture plate, $5{\times}10^4$ cells per well with ${\alpha}-MEM$ and incubated for 24 hours. After discarding the medium, those cells were cultured in ${\alpha}-MEM$ contained with 10% FBS, pasteurized milk, sterilized saline, unstimulated saliva and bench-dried state at $25^{\circ}C$ room temperature for 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 minutes respectively. And then each group was measured using MTT assay. The results were as follows. 1. Between the group of each time, there was statistically significant difference. Periodontal ligament cells viability was highest in pasteurized milk and was reduced stepwisely in sterilized saline, unstimulated saliva and bench-dried state(p<0.05). 2. between the time of each group, there was statistically significant difference(p<0.05) but was no statistically significant difference at 90-120 minutes in pasteurized milk and at 60-90 minutes and 120-180 minutes in sterilized saline(p>0.05). In conclusion, HBSS as storage medium of an avulsed tooth is not practical on the spot. Insteadily pasteurized milk can be recommended to maintain the periodontal ligament cells viability.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.157-162
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• 2008

Nowadays, most of the malignant bone tumor patient underwent limb salvage operation, however, reconstructive options for skeletally immature group are still controversial. There are three necessary conditions of most ideal reconstructive method in treating the skeletally immature children. As the epiphyseal plate sacrification is usually inevitable in malignant bone tumor around knee joint, ideal reconstructive technique would be as follows; 1)minimal or no damage to theadjacent epiphyseal plate, 2) maintaining mobile joint, 3) index procedure does not disturb subsequent operation such as lengthening. Segmental resection and reconstruction using autogenous pasteurized graft was done for 4 years old meta-diaphyseal osteosarcoma of femur. At 6 months from index operation, plain radiograph showed pasteurized bone resorption and loosening of fixation devise. To overcome the complication, we used allograft reconstruction by impacting the proximal host bone to the fluted portion of allobone. Three months later, proximal bone union was observed and patient showed good functional outcome.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.1196-1202
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• 1999

This work was to determine the microbial and physico-chemical changes of HTST-pasteurized soymilk using microwave energy. Soymilk was HTST pasteurized$(at\;90^{\circ}C\;for\;20\;sec)$ by three methods: by heating in a stainless steel tube immersed in a hot water bath(MP0), by heating in a microwave cavity to a defiled temperature and then holding in a hot water bath(MP1), and by both heating and holding in a microwave cavity(MP2). The microbial quality based on the total plate count was in the order of MP0, MP2 and MP1. The three samples pasteurized by different methods showed the similar microbial quality with respect to the coliform count, psychrotrophic bacterial count and phosphatase activity. The destruction of trypsin inhibitor was in the order of MP0, MP1 and MP2. There were no significant differences in pH, titratable acidity, viscosity and vitamin $B_2$ content before and after pasteurization and among the different pasteurization methods. The similar or higher quality retention of the MP1 or MP2 supports the possibility of using microwave energy for the HTST pasteurization of soymilk and other fluid food products.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.237-244
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• 2000

It has been reported that plasma membrane activity of the spermatozoa may be susceptible to be influenced by extracellular osmolality and such membranous changes involve infracellular molecular changes, special regard to the structure of membranous lipids, and the accompanying ion-channel of which are closely related with their fluidity of $Ca^{2+}$ and HCO$^{-}_{3}$. It is of common recognition that a certain kind of sterol acceptor player an important to induce lipid fluctuation of the sperm plasma membrane which have been influenced by BSA administration and came in effect to outflow of cholesterol from the spermatozoa and resulted in changes of ionic fluidity to facilitate adenylyl cyclase, and to induce protein tyrosine phosphorylation by increase of cAMP and activation of PKA. Thus it seems likely that an augmentation of the acrosomal reaction is closely related with protein tyrosine phosphorylation. The following experimental results were obtained in the present study; Under the high osmolality conditions, the spermatozoa motility declined significantly and the structural change of the plasma membrane diminished to confirm that the response degrees to the osmolality depended upon the water transfer volume through the plasma membrane and the changes of cellular volume. Those experimental results suggest that a physiological parameter such as low temperature condition played an important role for presentation of spermatozoa and that inducement of spermatozoa activation for reinforcement of protein tyrosine phosphorylation. On the other hand, it seemed likely that the BSA administration as one of sterol accepters might represent a key role also under the high osmolality condition and their result also suggests that osmolality change, special regard to high osmolality condition may play an important role also in the processes of signal transmission.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.1034-1042
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• 2017

The quality characteristics of Yakju and survival rate of yeast were investigated by modifying the drying method for the cold adapted yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y297 (SCY297). Viability and fermentation characteristics of the freeze-dried, air blast-dried, and liquid SCY297 cultures were compared after storing them at $25^{\circ}C$. In addition, 5% skimmed milk, ${\alpha}$-lactose, or trehalose was added as a protective agent for examining the effects of drying methods. During the 15-week storage period, the liquid and freeze-dried SCY297 cultures containing a protective agent showed a survival rate of 80%. However, the air blast-dried SCY297 culture showed 80% survival rate only in the skimmed milk supplemented group. Compared to the untreated cells, the acidity and amino acidity of Yakju prepared using freeze-dried or air blast-dried cultures of SCY297 increased by 2 fold and 5.7 fold respectively, while the alcohol content decreased by 5.07%. Compared to the untreated cells, the pH and amino acidity of Yakju prepared using the liquid culture of SCY297 increased by 1.5 fold and 2.5 fold respectively. Although the alcohol content decreased by 2.9%, decrease rate was lower than that observed for the freeze-dried and air blast-dried yeast cultures. Therefore, the results of this study showed that using a liquid starter culture was more advantageous than using the conventional solid culture.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2017

The effect of packaging materials on the quality and physiological activity of Angelica acutiloba leaves during storage at $4^{\circ}C$ for 20 days and after being transferred to room temperature for 2 days was studied. The experiment was conducted using three packaging materials: the corrugated box (control); corrugated box with $20{\mu}m$ HDPE perforated film liner; and corrugated box with paraffin wax coated paper $+20{\mu}m$ HDPE perforated film liner. Changes in weight, color, aroma, overall visual quality, antioxidant activity, and total flavonoids were investigated. Based on the result, the treatments using corrugated box with $20{\mu}m$ HDPE perforated film liner and the corrugated box with paraffin wax coated paper $+20{\mu}m$ HDPE perforated film liner, were effective in minimizing weight loss, and maintaining external color and overall quality as compared to corrugated box only (control). The corrugated box with paraffin wax coated paper $+20{\mu}m$ HDPE perforated film liner was more effective in maintaining antioxidant activity and total flavonoids than other treatments. Prolonging the freshness using corrugated box with paraffin wax coated paper $+20{\mu}m$ HDPE perforated film liner could increase the marketability of Angelica acutiloba leaves in the domestic market.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.27-31
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• 2009

Top spray-drying method is frequently utilized for flavor encapsulation, but the top spray-dried products frequently suffer from high losses of volatile flavor as the result of a high processing temperature (150-$300^{\circ}C$). In an effort to solve these problems, a low-temperature fluidized-bed granulating method was utilized to encapsulate the flavor. For the encapsulation of sesame oil, oil-in-water emulsions of sesame oil and a mixture of maltodextrin, modified starch, gum arabic, and gellan gum were bottom-sprayed at milder temperatures (70-$100^{\circ}C$) using a fluidized-bed granulator. Sesame oil extracts from microcapsules were obtained via a simultaneous distillation/extraction technique, and the retention of volatile flavor compounds was analyzed via a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The retention of volatile flavors of sesame oil per se, spray-dried and fluidized-bed granulated microcapsules after 3-day-storage at $37^{\circ}C$ were 0.8%, 37.2%, and 42.0%, respectively. In addition, the low-temperature fluidized-bed granulation showed higher encapsulation yield and sensory preferences for the application of commercial products (beef rice porridge), as compared to spray drying.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.231-245
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• 2007

The forged iron axe of the middle 3rd Century found in the No. 2 wood-framed tomb from the Hwangseongdong site, Gyeongju is rectangular on the plane level. The iron axe shines in met-allic luster, which is light grey with pale creamy tint. The result of X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the axe consists of magnetite and geothite, which can explain why the composition and texture of the original ore has been kept intact. There are fine-grained quartz, calcite, mica, magnetite, amphibole, unknown tungsten minerals, pyroxene and olivine inside the axe. Those must be the impurities that they failed to remove in the thermal treatment process. Generally, the iron axe consists mainly of pearlite texture coexisting ferrite and cementite, and show high carbon contents with homogeneous distribution. It can be interpreted the axe was carburized after the material was made to resemble pure iron. The decarbonization work didn't go well along the process marks. Crude ores of the iron axe are possible utilized by magnetite from the Ulsan mine on the basis of the occurrences and inclusions. It's estimated that the original ore was bloom produced in low-temperature reduction and formed around in $727^{\circ}C$, which is eutetic temperature.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.59-65
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• 2012

This study evaluated the baby-leaf growth, leaf red color intensity, and phytochemical compounds, such as total phenols and total flavonoids using domestic Amaranthus accessions, to select promising germplasm for the use of baby-leaf vegetable. The 39 accessions, upper 15% of 262 Amaranthus germplasm collection showing high red color intensity in baby-leaf, measured as Hunter's a value, were primarily selected. The eleven accessions including IT199970, showing stable red color intensity in baby-leaf both in high-temperature and low temperature cultivation, were finally selected as promising germplasm for the use of baby-leaf vegetable Amaranthus. The leaf red color intensities when they were cultivated at low temperature period were generally higher than those at low temperature period, and all the eleven selected germplasm, including four Amaranthus sub-species and five unknown species, showed stable red color expression in baby-leaf. The total phenol and total flavonoid contents were also presented for finally selected germplasm including their baby-leaf fresh weights. These finally selected germplasm could be potentially used as baby-leaf vegetable resources, through fortifying the color balance of salad vegetable.