• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.6.2-6.2
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• 2008

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.355-356
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• 2009

The change of thermal expansion and mechanical behaviors by cold working has been investigated in Fe-29%Ni-17%Co low thermal expansion Kovar alloy. Fe-29%Ni-17%Co alloy was cold rolled gradually and prepared to plates having reduction ratio of 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%. Annealing effect on the properties was also studied. Thermal expansion was measured from $25^{\circ}C$ to $600^{\circ}C$ with a heating rate of $5^{\circ}C$/min by using vacuum differential dilatometer. It was found that thermal expansion coefficient ($\alpha_{30{\sim}400}$) slightly decreased (reduction ration of 20%) and then remarkably increased (above reduction ration of 40%) with increasing reduction ratio of cold rolling. Thermal expansion coefficient ($\alpha_{30{\sim}400}$) was sharply decreased after annealing heat-treatment. Yield and tensile strengths were continuously increased and elongation was decreased by cold roiling. Microstructural observation and X-ray diffraction analysis results showed that the $\alpha$ phase significantly increased as the reduction ratio increased. The slight decrease of thermal expansion coefficient bellow reduction ration of 20% could be explained by the destroying short-range ordering and the decreasing of grain size. The significant increase of thermal expansion coefficient with cold rolling mainly attributed to the appearance of $\alpha$ phase. The correlation between the microstructural cause and invar phenomena for the low thermal expansion behavior was also discussed.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.265-268
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• 2007

플렉서블 태양전지용 연성기판재에는 플라스틱재와 금속재가 있다. 기존의 연성기판인 플라스틱의 경우 열과, 내구성, 화학약품에 약하다는 단점이 있으며, 금속기판은 높은 생산원가, 박판화의 어려움 등의 문제를 안고 있다. 상업적으로 응용되거나 연구에 활용되는 플렉서블 기판재의 단점을 보완할 수 있는 가능성을 밝혀보기 위해 전주성형법으로 합금 금속 포일을 제조하여 상용 금속 기판재의 열팽창 거동과 비교해 보았다. 본 연구에서는 플렉서블 태양전지용으로 적용되거나 연구되고 있는 금속 기판 재료인 두께 50 ${\mu}m$인 Ti, Mo, Al 포일을 선택하여 열팽창거동을 조사하였고 이를 전주성형법으로 제조한 두께 10 ${\mu}m$인 Fe-40Ni, Fe-45Ni, Fe-52Ni 합금포일의 열팽창 거동과 비교 분석하였다. 금속 및 합금 포일의 열팽창 거동은 TMA 장비를 사용하여 조사하였다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.556-559
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• 2006

벌크형태의 태양전지 기판을 대체할 목적으로 연성기판을 적응한 태양전지 개발이 활발하게 진행되고 있으며, 주재료는 플라스틱 기판, 금속기판 등이 있다 그러나 기존의 연성기판인 플라스틱의 경우 열과, 내구성, 화학약품에 약하다는 단점이 있으며, 금속기판은 높은 생산원가, 박막화의 어려움 등의 문제를 안고 있다 이러한 문제를 극복하기 위해 전주성형법으로 제조된 철-니켈계 연성기판을 개발하였다. 이 연성기판의 경우 고온의 공정조건에서도 열팽창율이 플라스틱 기판보다 낮으며, 기존의 금속기판 보다 저렴한 생산단가로 쉽게 극박화 할 수 있다는 것이다. 전주성형법을 적용하여 40Ni, 45Ni, 52Ni 연성기관을 제조하였으며, TMA 장비를 사용하여 각 연성기판의 열팽창 계수를 측정한 결과 6.36, 6.78, $10.93{\mu}m/m^{\circ}C$로 기존의 연성기판인 플라스틱, 금속에 비해 낮은 열팽창 계수를 가짐으로서 고온 공정 중에 안정성 요구를 충분히 충족시킬 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.491-492
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• 2008

The effect of B on the hot ductility of Fe-29Ni-17Co Kovar alloy and the mechanism of high temperature deformation behavior were investigated. Hot-tensile test was carried out at the temperature range of $900^{\circ}C-1200^{\circ}C$. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate the microstructure and fracture during hot deformation. The hot ductility of Kovar alloy was drastically increased with the addition of Boron. The improvement of hot ductility results from the grain boundary migration mainly due to the dynamic recrystallization at lower temperature range($900^{\circ}C$).

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 2001

In order to form a uniform oxidation layer of spinel phase on Kovar which helps the strong bonding in Kovar-to-glass sealing, the humidified $N_2/H_2$ was used as an oxidation atmosphere. The oxidation of Kovar was controlled by diffusion mechanism and the activation energy was 31.61 kacl/mol at 500~$800^{\circ}C$. After oxidation at $600^{\circ}C$, the external oxidation layer was below 0.5 $\mu \textrm{m}$ thick. According to TEM analysis, oxidized Kovar was spinel its lattice parameter of 7.9 $\AA$. Oxidation of under $600^{\circ}C$ and in a humidified $N_2/H_2$ atmosphere, Kovar was found to be appropriate for the Kovar-to-glass sealing.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.207-214
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• 1993

Glass-ceramic monoliths with an ultra-low thermal expansion coefficient have been synthesized by the sol-gel technique using metal alkoxides as starting materials and dimethyl formamide as a drying control chemical additive. The ternary gels: $Li_2O\cdot Al_2O_3\cdot 2, 4 or $6SiO_2$ were obtained by hydrolysis and polycondensation reactions of metal alkoxides of silicon, aluminum and lithium. To produce cylindrical crack-free gel monoliths, excess water was used to the starting solutions and drying rates were controlled precisely to prevent cracking. In conversion process ,${\beta}$-eucryptite, $Li_2O\cdot Al_2O_3\cdot 3SiO_2$ and P-spodumene with ,${\beta}$-quartz solid solution phase were obtained by heating at the range of 750 ~$1000^{\circ}C$. Above $800^{\circ}C$, the ,${\beta}$-spodumene phase increased while ,${\beta}$-eucryptite phase decreased. The thermal expansion coefficient of the crystallized specimens were -15~ $+5{\times}{10^{-7}}/{\circ}C$ over the temperature range from room temperature to $600^{\circ}C$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.08a
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• pp.383-383
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• 2012

최근 나노 소재의 활용 가능성이 확대되어감에 따라 다양한 소재의 나노구조체에 대한 연구가 진행되어 왔다. 그 중 은(Silver)은 열전도율과 전기전도율이 가장 우수한 금속으로 다양한 형태의 은 나노 입자를 형성할 수 있고. 이를 탄소, 비석, 고분자 등의 기판에 다양한 방법으로 성장시키는 연구가 진행되었다. 기판으로 사용되는 재료 중 탄소 복합소재는 내열성, 화학적 안정성, 열전도성, 저열팽창성에 따른 치수 안정성, 유연성 등의 우수한 특징을 지니고 있으며 최근까지 방열 소재로서 활용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 탄소섬유의 표면에 다양한 결정 구조를 가지는 Ag seed 입자를 형성하고 폴리올 공정을 통하여 와이어 형태의 나노구조체를 성장시켜 그 형상제어 특성을 FE-SEM을 통하여 확인하였다.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.135-144
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• 1997

The relative machinability of the invar-type cast alloys, such as invar cast steel, invar-type cast iron, Meehanite cast iron, and the modified Invar-type cast iron containing Mo and V was evaluated based on the tool life test, the surface roughness test and the chipping test. Tool life and surface roughness were measured under various cutting conditions. The tool lives of Invar cast steel, Meehanite cast iron, the modified Invar cast iron and Invar cast iron was 12 min, 8 min, 1 min, 41 min, respectively. The surface finish of Invar cast steel and the modified Invar cast iron was better than that of Meehanite cast non, and the chip breakability of invar cast iron and Meehanite cast iron was better than that of invar cast steel. The Taylor's equations of invar cast steel and the modified invar cast iron were $VT^{0.3076}=154.479$ and $VT^{0.3880}=102.326$, respectively. As the cutting speed increases, the surface finish of the modified invar cast iron was improved.

• Composites Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2006

It is very difficult to make complex 3 dimensional curved-shape composite laminates using the advanced unidirectional composite prepregs. This study shows development process of subscale composite parabolic antenna reflector using unidirectional AS4/PEEK prepreg tapes. The AS4/PEEK thermoplastic composite materials are known to have good thermal and chemical stabilities in addition to their high specific strength and modulus. Various lamination methods were investigated through finite element analyses to make up the laminate design of the reflector. The automated fiber placement method was used to fabricate the reflector. The thermal expansion test using full-bridge strain gage circuits was done to verity the performance of the composite product.